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Problems of Automation of Blast Furnace

Problems of Automation of Blast Furnace - раздел Иностранные языки, АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК In The Course Of The Past Few Years, A Considerable Amount Of Time And Money ...

In the course of the past few years, a considerable amount of time and money has been spent studying the blast furnace process, and discussing with the operators some of the problems associated with control of the blast furnace process.

The term "automated blast furnace" might denote a blast furnace completely controlled by means of a digital computer; it might also denote a furnace with the latest inrecording instruments and a programmed automatic charging-control system.

Before approaching the automation control system it is necessary to consider some of the general characteristics of the blast furnace process. Although not a complete list, a few of the more important characteristics of the process are:

1. The process is a continuous process, but utilizes a batch-charging system and a batch-output system. 2. The process is a smelting process. 3. Long-time constants characterize the process. 4. The process is a high volume process; and accordingly has high economic value. Therefore, small improvements in process efficiency can justify rather sizable capital expenditures.

An important element in an effective charge control system, of course, is a flexible charging system which can effectively and automatically charge the various raw materials in response to the furnace operator's instructions. The blast furnace charging system has been the subject of considerable attention in recent years, and, as a result, programmed charging systems have been developed.

The industrial digital computer is ideally suited to the collection, conditioning and recording of process data on the blast furnace. Much of the data which should be recorded on the blast furnace is random in nature. It is data which must be recorded precisely. Such information as the weight, type and time of each material charge falls into this category. The industrial digital computer can easily accomodate these functions.

The proposed computer would record data in typewritten form for immediate use by the operator and for daily records, and also on punched tape for permanent records for such things as quality control, production control, etc., plus being ideal for use in process analyses. It is a stored programme, reprogrammable, digital computer with magnetic drum memory of up to 32,000 words or more, and has been specifically designed for industrial applications of process direction. It is completely transistorized.

The benefits which should arise from such a system are:

1. At least 5% reduction in coke rate on a blast furnace. 2. Improved accounting and inventory records. 3. Improved predictability and uniformity of furnace operation. 4. Better data available to the blast furnace operator as an aid in his every day operations.

 

Дополнительные слова и словосочетания:

1) charging-control system – управляемый способ загрузки

2) digital computer – цифровая счетная машина

3) batch-charging system – периодический способ загрузки

4) batch-output system – периодический способ выдачи чугуна

5) flexible charging system – гибкий способ загрузки

6) in response to – в ответ на

7) long-time constants – постоянные характеристики

8) furnace operator – горновой

9) inventory – опись, инвентарь

10) predictability – способность предсказывать

11) uniformity – единообразие

 

XI. Определите, о каких из перечисленных ниже фактах можно узнать из текста.

1. Термин "автоматическая доменная печь" может обозначать доменную печь, полностью управляемую цифровой счетной машиной.

2. Доменная печь – это цилиндрическая шахта различного диаметра, высотой от 90 до 100 футов.

3. Передельный чугун обычно производится из железной руды посредством

химического процесса восстановления железа, протекающего в доменной печи.

4. Система загрузки доменной печи стала объектом пристального внимания в

последние годы, и в результате была разработана программная система загрузки.

5. Целью данной печи является превращение различных типов материалов содержащих железо в сталь надлежащего состава и качества.

 

XII. Вставьте нужные по смыслу слова.

1. The process is a ... volume process; and ... has high ... value.

a) low, that's why, metallurgical;

b) sizable, therefore, important;

c) high, accordingly, economic.

2. Small ... in process efficiency can ... rather sizable capital....

a) instructions, record, systems;

b) improvements, justify, expenditures;

c) characteristics, accomodate, uses.

3. Much of the ... which should be ... on the blast furnace is ... in nature.

a) ideas, controlled, exact;

b) terms, used, accurate;

c) data, recorded, random.

XIII. Укажите, какие из данных предложений соответствуют содержанию текста.

1. Reactions between carbon, oxygen, and iron and its oxides occur within the blast furnace.

2. Long-time constants characterize the process.

3. The air is usually blown in the bottom through the tuyeres.

4. The blast furnace charging system has been the subject of considerable attention in
recent years.

5. The blast furnace is a circular shaft of varying dimensions made of fire brick.

 

XIV. Закончите следующие предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста.

1. The blast furnace process is...

a) a tapping process;

b) a smelting process;

c) a refining process.

2. An important element in an effective charge control system is ...

a) a batch-charging system;

b) a batch-output system;

c) a flexible charging system.

3. The industrial digital computer is ideally suited to the ...

a) conditioning and recording of process data;

b) smelting and tapping the metal;

c) industrial applications of process.

XV. Выберите из текста предложения, в которых указаны некоторые наиболее важные характеристики доменного процесса.

 

XVI. Составьте план к тексту на русском языке.

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