HOLIDAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN - раздел Иностранные языки, АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА National Days In Britain Are Not Celebrated To The Same Extent As In France O...
National Days in Britain are not celebrated to the same extent as in France or America. Scotland’s National Day is St. Andrew’s Day (30 November), which has now largely been overshadowed by Burns’ Night. St. David’s Day (1 March) is the National Day of Wales. England’s National Day is St. George’s Day (23 April) which coincides with William Shakespeare’s Birthday. St. Patrick’s Day is an official Bank Holiday in Northern Ireland.
For many English people (with the exception of Scotsmen), Christmas is the favourite holiday. It is celebrated much earlier than in our country, on December, 25. Preparation for the holiday begins weeks before it with sending dozens of cards, buying presents and food, decorating the Christmas tree and the house. On Christmas Eve everything and everybody are in rush. Most offices and public buildings close at one o’clock, but shops stay open late. Railway and bus stations are overcrowded as people travel from all parts of the country to be with their families. Christmas is the most important family holiday. In the homes there is a great air of expectation. Holly and mistletoe are hanging on the wall waiting for the English traditional kissing when a girl standing under these evergreen plants can’t refuse being kissed. Mothers of the family are busy in the kitchen getting ready for the next day’s dinner of turkey, pudding and other tasty things. Before going to bed children may hang Christmas stockings on their beds in hope of getting presents from Santa Claus. Nowadays most children get so many presents that stockings are too small for them and gifts are put under the Christmas tree.
New Year in Britain (with the exception of Scotland) is not celebrated as widely as in our country. Some people may even completely ignore it and go to bed at the usual time without waiting for the clock to strike twelve. Those who do celebrate it may have parties or family get-together, go to the disco, or if they live in London, join in the festive mood of the huge crowds of people in Trafalgar Square or Piccadilly Circus. In Scotland New Year is called Hogmanay and is the most favourite holiday of the year.
Though February is a winter month, many British people start feeling spring on February, 14 when they get Valentine cards and symbolic love gifts. For many centuries St. Valentine’s day has been a good opportunity to openly show your feelings and exchange love-tokens.
Pancake Day is the popular name for Shrove Tuesday, the eve of the Lenten fast. In medieval times all Christians made their compulsory confessions or “shifts” from which the words “Shrove Tuesday” derives. They also took their last opportunity to eat up all the rich food prohibited during Lent. Thus all eggs, butter and fat remaining in the house were made into pancakes. And though you can eat them on any day of the year, they seem to be much tastier on Pancake Day! Some regions in Britain celebrate the day with pancake races during which a pancake should be tossed in the frying pan at least three times.
Easter in Britain is the time of giving and receiving presents which traditionally take the form of Easter eggs and hot cross buns. Nowadays eggs are usually made of chocolate with surprises in them, but the old custom of dying and painting eggs is still kept in some country districts. Other emblems of Easter are fluffy little chicks, the Easter Bunny and spring flowers.
April Fool’s Day is not an official holiday but few people are indifferent to it. Everyone who has a sense of humour likes to play practical jokes on their friends and family neighbours.
Bank Holidays are public holidays called so because the banks as well as most offices and shops are closed. There are winter, spring and summer Bank Holidays.
Another popular holiday in Britain is Guy Fawkes Day, which commemorates the discovery of the so-called Gunpowder Plot, a conspiracy to destroy the English Houses of Parliament and King James on November, 5 1605. It is usually marked with bonfires and dummies of Guy Fawkes.
3.Answer the questions.
1.When are National Days in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland celebrated?
2.Does the date of celebrating Christmas in Britain coincide with that in Ukraine?
3.What are the British people busy with on Christmas Eve?
4.What is the atmosphere in British homes on Christmas Day like?
5.What does the traditional Christmas dinner consist of?
6.In what way do the British celebrate New Year?
7.Which holiday is a good chance to openly show your feelings to your sweetheart?
8.What is pancake race?
9.What are the symbols of Easter?
10.What does Guy Fawkes Day commemorate? What is it marked with?
4.Match the English holiday words and expressions related to them with their Ukrainian equivalents.
| 1) fast
2) Easter
3) nationwide
4) annual
5) Shrove Tuesday
6) feast
7) solemn occasion
8) fireworks
9) gift
10) festivities
11) to celebrate
12) to observe
13) to commemorate
14) to mark
| a) урочиста подія
b) свято, частування, бенкет
c) феєрверк
d) подарунок
e) Великдень
f) піст
g) у національному масштабі
h) святкування, веселощі
i) Жирний Вівторок, “Тещині Млинці”
j) відзначати
k) увічнювати
l) святкувати
m) додержувати, дотримувати
n) щорічний
|
5.Fill in the gaps in the following text using the words given below.
Holidays
The word “holiday” comes from the _____ “holy days”. Holidays were first religious festivals. Now many holidays have nothing to _____ with religion. Almost every country has holidays honoring important ____ or people in its history. Some holidays are ____ in many countries. Some are observed in just one. Some are celebrated only in one ____ of one country. Some are celebrated by the people of ____ one religion. For example, Halloween always comes on the ____ day of the same month. Many other holidays do, too. But some do not. Easter, for ____ , is a movable holiday. It is ____ on the first Sunday after the first full moon after the beginning of spring. It can be as early as in March and as ____ as in May. Every person has his own private ____ when he is given gifts by his family and friends. It is his ____ .
________________________________
late, events, holiday, words, celebrated (2), birthday, part, only, same, example, do
6.Match the names of the holidays given in the box with their descriptions.
| St. Valentine Day, Guy Fawkes Day, Easter, Shrove Tuesday, Christmas, Mother’s Day
|
1.This day commemorates the plot to blow up some government building.
2.It is the annual festival commemorating the birth of the Savior and observed by Orthodox Church on January, 7 and by other Christian churches on December, 25.
3.These are Pre-Lent spring festivities usually accompanied by making and eating pancakes.
4.This holiday gives children their chance to show their love and respect to their mothers.
5.On this day people send special cards to somebody they love and also give them symbolic gifts.
6.This holiday is the chief Christian feast which celebrates the resurrection of Christ and is held on the first Sunday after the first full moon in spring.
7.Speak on the following.
a)What holidays celebrated in Britain are also marked in Ukraine? Do they have the same traditions and rituals? Name at least three differences in celebrating Christmas and Easter.
b)Which holiday in Great Britain would you like to take part in? Why?
READING
Text A. Easter Sunday
1.Remember the following words and word combinations.
capture завоювати
vernal весняний
equinox рівнодення
denomination віросповідання
Good Friday страсна п’ятниця
ressurrect воскресати
settler поселенець
at dawn на світанку
hunt пошуки, шукати
bunny кролик
neighborhood околиця
multiple численний
seed джерело, початок
dye фарбувати
pray молитися
mistreat погано поводитися
tax податок
blow a loud horn хвастати
showoff хвалько
praise похвала
2.Read and translate the text. Why do a lot of people consider Easter Sunday to be the light holiday?
The meaning of customs observed during Easter Sunday lies in pre-Christian religions and Christianity. All in some way or another are a “salute to spring”, marking rebirth. The white Easter lily has come to capture the glory of the holiday. The word “Easter” is named after Eostre, the Anglo-Saxon goddess of spring. A festival was held in her honor every year at the vernal equinox.
People celebrate the holiday according to their beliefs and their religious denominations. Christians commemorate Good Friday as the day that Jesus Christ died and Easter Sunday as the day that he was resurrected, Protestant settlers brought the custom of a sunrise service, a religious gathering at dawn, to the United States.
Today on Easter Sunday, children wake up to find that the Easter bunny has left them baskets of candies. He has also hidden the eggs that they decorated earlier that week. Children hunt for eggs all around the house. Neighborhoods and organizations hold Easter egg hunts, and the child who finds the most eggs wins a prize.
The Easter Bunny is a rabbit-spirit. Long ago, he was called the “Easter Hare”. Hares and rabbits have frequent multiple births, so they became a symbol of fertility.
The custom of an Easter egg hunt began because children believed that “All life comes from an egg”. Christians consider eggs to be “the seed of life” and so they are symbolic of the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Why we dye, or colour, and decorate eggs is not certain. In ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome and Persia eggs were dyed for spring festivals. In medieval Europe, beatifully decorated eggs were given as gifts.
Все темы данного раздела:
АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА
НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПОСІБНИК
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ ІI КУРСУ
ФАКУЛЬТЕТІВ БІОЛОГО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОГО
ТА ХАРЧОВИХ
ББК 81.2 АНГЛ-923+28 я73
ISBN 966-8078-20-9 © Автори-упорядники Байдак Л.І.,
Дацко О.В., Камінська Н.М.,
Курінний О.В., 2003
© СНАУ, 2003
© БНВП "ЕОНС",
I. The Use of Indefinite Tenses.
v The Present Indefinite is used:
1) to express a recurrent or permanent action in the present;
e.g. He lives in Kiev with his mother. Він живе у Києві з м
II. The Formation of Indefinite Tenses.
Present
Past
Future
usually, often, always, seldom, hardly ever, occasionally
yest
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
aspiration to
cognition
hence
to be essential
precious
to be on the safe side
to spare oneself t
TRAVELLING
Travelling is one of the things which allows people to satisfy their natural aspiration to cognition of the surrounding world. Modern life is impossible without travelling. Some people travel on bu
I. The Use of Continuous Tenses.
v The Present Continuous is used to express:
1) an action going on at the present moment, at the time of speaking;
e.g. Why areyou crying?
Working.колипрацюю.
4) a planned future action mostly with verbs denoting motion.
e.g. We are flyingto Paris Вранці ми вилітаємо до
in the morning. Парижа.
v The Past Con
II. The Formation of Continuous Tenses.
The Continuous Tenses are formed by means of the auxiliary verb to be in the Present, Past or Future Indefinite Tense and Present Participleof the ma
EXERCISES
1.Put the verb into the appropriate form.
1.I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exercise. 2.Your friend (to do) his homework now? 3.Look! The baby (to sleep). 4.My father
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
compartment
carriage
obvious
to board a train
to stand in a queue
to settle one’s business
to bo
Text. Mistaken Identity.
1.Read and translate using the dictionary.
Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca, New York, where I was to change trains and take the sleeper. There were crowds of people on the platfor
Buying a ticket
A day return to London, please.
A single to Birmingham, please.
Two day returns to Oxford, please.
An ordinary return to Cambridge, please.
And which platform is
Dialogue C.
-Excuse me, don’t you think it is very stuffy in the compartment?
-Yes, rather.
-What about having the window open?
-I don’t mind. Can you manage it?
-I’ll try t
I. The Use of Perfect Tenses.
v The Present Perfect is used:
1) to express an action which took place before the present moment, when the speaker’s aim is to emphasize the present result of this action;
II. The Formation of Perfect Tenses.
The Perfect Tenses are formed by means of the auxiliary verb to have in the Present, Past or Future Indefinite Tense and Participle IIof the main ver
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
means of transport
to be at smb’s disposal
altitude
to cover the distance
non-stop flight
t
I. The Use of Perfect Continuous Tenses.
v The Present Perfect Continuous is used to express an action which began in the past, has been going on up to the present and is either still continuing or just finished.
e.g. His
II. The Formation of Perfect Continuous Tenses.
The Perfect Continuous Tenses are formed by means of the auxiliary verb to have in the Present, Past or Future Perfect Tense and Participle Iof the m
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
fast
to drive a car
wheel
to switch on the motor
to park
traffic “jam”
round-about
to r
My own car
Lots of teenagers dream of the day when they will be old enough to learn to drive (at age 17 in the UK) and have their own car. There are plenty of reasons why. They will be able to go out where th
The problems
Cars cause a lot of problems. Here are some of them. Put them in order from 1 to 6 (1 for the biggest problem, 6 for the smallest problem, in your opinion).
· The roads are too bus
Solutions from around the world
Different countries have different ways of reducing traffic. Tick the ones that you think are good ideas.
· In Britain, the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution has asked th
EXERCISES
1.Use Present Perfect (Continuous) or Past Perfect (Continuous).
1.I received a letter from Susan a few days ago. I (not to receive) letters from her since she left. 2.There are a l
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
voyage
quay
to moor
gangway
deck
to sail at a high speed
rough
pitch
roll
aft
forward
Drop anchor at the pier
Max and his wife were taking ____ along the Black Sea coast on the “Karolina”. As we were spending the summer near Yalta we decided to meet them _____ . We arrived at the pier in time to see it ent
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
customs (customs house)
to prolong
to declare
to be liable to duty
duty free
a customs declaration
Going Through the Customs
-Are these three cases all you have, sir?
-Yes. They’re all I have.
-Well, would you , please, read this notice carefully?
-Thank you.
-Do you understand the not
The use of the Passive Voice
The Passive Voice can be used :
a) without the doer of the action being mentioned (the doer is either unknown or unimportant)
e.g. The telegram was sent yesterday. (Телегра
The formation of the Passive Voice.
The Passive Voice is formed by means of the auxiliary verb to be in the required form and Participle II of the notional verb.
to be + Ved(III)
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
single room номер для одного
double room номер для двох
suite [sw
Text A. A Letter
1.Render in English
Newton Hotel, Manchester,
16th March 2002
Dear Paul,
I was very pleased to receive your letter and to hear that Frederick i
Text B. A Bad Way To Begin A Marrige
1.Read and translate the text
“I never thought it was going to be like this,” John said. He was talking about his honeymoon and he looked very disappointed. He and Ann, his bride, were wal
Passive Voice
be + Ved(3)
Present Indefinite
Past Indefinite
Future Indefinite
am/is/are Ved(3)
wa
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
postal order
letter-box (pillar-box)
registered letter
Post Restante
book-post
par
Text B. Post Cards
1.Read and say what new things you’ve learned from the text.
In the mid-19th century, Henry Cole was a well-known museum director. Every year he sent short notes to his friends
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
to be in a good health
to fall ill
to examine smb
to catch a cold
to feel unwell
to cough
flu
AT THE DOCTOR’S
Good health is a great blessing. Everyone should do all to stay healthy. Being in a good health means having both body and mind in a good working state free from disease and pain. As a proverb says
Cause(s)… measures
a cough to put into prison for…
a headache to sack from school for…
pneumonia to take money for…
cancer to ban…
blood disease affect(
PASSIVE VOICE
Continuous Tenses
The Present Continuous and the Past Continuous Passive are formed by means of the Present Continuous and the Past Continuous of the auxiliary verb to be and Partic
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations
sales
processing
hardware
tower
keyboard
printer
software
to be evident
pros and cons
witho
COMPUTERS
Today economy increasingly works with computers. Computers also facilitate our everyday work and study. Modern companies analyse sales of products as well as potential sales of products, programme
THE PROS AND CONS OF THE INTERNET
The Internet is without doubt one of the most important inventions in history. It was started in 1968 by the US government, but at first it was used mainly by scientists. Since 1990, when the World
Questions
1.When and by whom was the Internet started?
2.Who used the Internet at first?
3.When was WWW created?
4.What is the main use of the Internet?
5.What are the adv
PASSIVE VOICE
Perfect Tenses
The Present Perfect, the Past Perfect and the Future Perfect Passive are formed by means of the Present Perfect, the Past Perfect and the Future Perfect of the auxiliary ver
UKRAINE
Today, Ukraine is included in all the world atlases. But there did exist maps on which Ukraine was not designated. In the past foreign invaders tried more than once to destroy and enslave the count
National Government
Ukraine is an independent state since adoption of the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine on July 16, 1990.
According to the Constitution of Ukraine adopted on June 28, 1996 Ukrain
Local Governments
Ukraine is divided into 24 regions called oblasts and the Crimean Autonomous republic. Each region has its local authorities.
2. Use the words from the box to complete the sentences
PASSIVE VOICE
(revision)
1. Match the two parts of these sentences to make well-known proverbs and sayings and find their Ukrainian equivalents in the box.
Teacher Student
They took you sightseeing about the town. About the town you say? Yes, I was taken sightseeing about the town.
1. The exhibition displayed in this museum greatly impressed everybody.
Text. Where To Go And What To See In Kyiv.
1.Read and say what new things you’ve learned from the text.
Khreshchatyk, the beautiful many-faced, brightly-lit main street of Kyiv, hasn’t always been like this. Originally it was Khres
Topical Vocabulary.
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
to fulfill
raw materials
processing industry
maize
sunflower
millet
cultivation
crop rotation
Text. Successful Farming Depends on the Soil.
1.Read and translate.
Successful farming means making the best and the most scientific use of natural conditions, land, crops, livestock, machinery and all the other things which have to b
If you had eaten proper food you would be healthy and happy now.
EXERCISES
1.Translate into Ukrainian.
1.If my mother buys a cake, we shall have a very nice tea-party. 2. If we receive a telegram from him, we shall not worry. 3. If you don’t wo
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
to be founded
struggle
landowner
settlement
the museum of fine arts
the museum of applied arts
c
MY NATIVE TOWN.
Sumy was founded on the 25th of June, 1655. The founder of the town was the Ukrainian cossack Gerasim Kondratyev. When the Ukrainians struggled against the Polish landowners they had to
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
to look forward to з нетерпінням чекати
to have nothing to do не мати нічого спільного
Dialogue B.
-What a nice dress you are wearing!
-It’s my dad’s present on March, 8th. He has brought it from Poland.
-Do the Polish celebrate the Women’s Day?
-I think the
Make up five sentences and translate them.
I’m afraid
I was afraid
I fear(ed)
I worry
lest
the children should lose their way.
he should forget to post the letter.
we should miss
AT THE MAP OF GREAT BRITAIN
The British Isles consist of two main islands: Great Britain and Ireland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland includes these two islands and over five hundred small islands. It
Text A. The State System of Great Britain
1.Read and translate the text using the dictionary.
Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy.
The bodies of British Government are the legislative, executive, judiciary.
Dialogue A
-What are you looking at?
-Don’t you see? This is the map of the British Isles. I am going to have my agricultural practice in Great Britain this summer. I try to find the town I shall wor
Dialogue B.
Volodymyr Vasylenko, a Ukrainian teacher of English, has been staying in London for a few months. Next Saturday morning he is leaving for Edinburgh. Last Tuesday Volodymyr saw Bernard Law, a Lon
Dialogue C.
Elections in Great Britain.
V.: All your papers are writing about the coming election. Do you think the party in power will win the election?
B.: They hope so.
V.: Can yo
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN COMPLEX SENTENCES
(continued)
3.Adverbial clauses of comparison and predicative clauses
The Subjunctive Mood is used in adverbial clauses of comparison introduced by the conjunctio
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN COMPLEX SENTENCES
(continued)
5. Subject clauses
In subject clause after a principal clause of the type It is necessary, It is important etc. the Present Suppositional
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
to the same extent
coincide with
dozen
to be in rush
holly
mistletoe
festive mood
love-token
Jesus Teaches
Love
(Matthew 5.43-48)
You have heard people say, “Love your neighbours and hate your enemies,” but tell you to love your enemies and pray for anyone who mistreats you
The English Home
Many English families live in flats, but most live in their own houses.
On the ground floor they usually have the dining-room, the sitting-room, the kitchen, and the hall. In the hall ther
Fireplaces
In English homes, the fireplace has always been, until recent times, the natural centre of interest in a room. People may like to sit at a window on a summer day, but for many months of the year th
The Englishman’s Garden
The English are obsessed with flowers. If you don’t believe it’s true, look at all the gardening books in the bookshops, find out how many flowers arranging societies there are in England – thousan
View of Britain
Intrviewer: Hello. I’m interviewing people about what they like or don’t like about England. Can I ask you some questions?
Helen: Yes, of course.
I: Are you a
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
to date датувати(ся)
to dominate домінувати
to preserve an antique way of
Dialogue A.
-Are all the pupils admitted to higher schools after successful finishing secondary schools?
-Those who pass successfully their entrance/competitive exams.
-Where is higher educat
Dialogue B.
-Do the students have to pay for education in Ukraine?
-It’s common knowledge education in Ukraine is paid and free of charge as well. Students are also provided with monthly grants by the
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
the Commonwealth
to unite
decline
aspiration
to concern
to convert
an integrated part
appendag
THE COMMONWEALTH
The Commonwealth is a free association of Britain and certain independent states, formerly the colonies of the British Empire. It was founded in 1949. The Commonwealth has no central government, an
Dialogue B.
Read, learn and act.
-My French exchange visitor came yesterday.
-What’s her name?
-Marie-Ange.
-What a pretty name! What’s she like?
-She’s really nice
Suggested, insisted, shouted, agreed, whispered, claimed, muttered, boasted, objected, exclaimed, admitted, protested
1.”I can speak six languages fluently,” he said.
2.”Let’s go to the cinema this evening,” he said.
3.”Stop that noise in the classroom,” he said.
4.”That car you are driv
Encourage refuse promise demand suggest
1.”You must believe that I didn’t know it was stolen,” he said.
2.”I’ve never seen that man before,” he said.
3.”If you don’t leave, I’ll phone the police,” he said.
4.”I
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
giving credit to
a great demand
unemployed
preservation
nutritional value
well-being
flesh
mus
Persuasive, brave, creative, patient, intelligent, polite, accurate, fair, friendly
1.Salespeople need to be … to get people to buy their products.
2.A scientist has to be … in order to understand complex theories.
3.Receptionists should be … in order to make peo
Topical Vocabulary
1.Remember the following words and word combinations:
to reorient
decree
to incur losses
profit
allotment
ownership
hired labour
wage workers
prop
ТАБЛИЦЯ НЕПРАВИЛЬНИХ ДІЄСЛІВ
be
beat
become
begin
bend
bet
bite
blow
break
bring
build
burst
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
deal
dig
do
draw
drink
drive
Text 3 Variety of Mammals
1.Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
The living members of the class mammalia are today divided into three main sub-classes, according to differences in their anatomy a
To trace простежити
ancestorпредок
forerunnerпопередник
divergentщо розходиться, відхиляється
to breedрозводити
2
To hunt полювати
load-bearerвантажо-тягач
warfareвійна
chariotколісниця
to tillорати (землю)
harness
СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ
1. Бонк Н.А., Лукьянова Н.А., Памухина Л.Г. Учебник английского языка. 1,2 части. – Москва – Харьков, «Деконт» – «Торсинг»,1997.
2. Верба Г.В., Верба Л.Г. Довідник з граматики англійської
CONTENTS
Unit 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Unit 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
КУРІННИЙ Олексій В’ячеславович
За редакцією к.філол.н., доцента
КОБЖЕВА Олександра Миколайовича
Редактор: Н.О. Максимова
Технічний редактор: В.В. Щербак
Новости и инфо для студентов