АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА

МІНІСТЕРСТВО АГРАРНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ УКРАЇНИ

СУМСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ АГРАРНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ

 

АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА

  НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПОСІБНИК  

ББК 81.2 АНГЛ-923+28 я73

ISBN 966-8078-20-9 © Автори-упорядники Байдак Л.І., Дацко О.В., Камінська Н.М., Курінний О.В., 2003

I. The Use of Indefinite Tenses.

1) to express a recurrent or permanent action in the present; e.g. He lives in Kiev with his mother. Він живе у Києві з матір’ю. 2) to express an action or state which does not refer to any particular time;

II. The Formation of Indefinite Tenses.

1.Use the verbs in brackets in the Present, Past or Future Indefinite. A. 1.Richard (to walk) to school. 2.We (to live) in that house. 3.My father (to work) in the garden. 4.The train (to…

B.

1.I (to go) to bed at ten o’clock every day. 2.I (to go) to bed at ten o’clock yesterday. 3.My brother (to wash) his face every morning. 4.Yesterday she (to get up) at a quarter past seven. 5.My mother always (to take) a bus to get to work, but yesterday she (not to take) a bus. She (to walk) to her office. 6.You (to talk) to the members of your family every day? - Yes, I… . But yesterday I (not to talk) to them, I (to be) very busy. 7.You (to go) to England last year? - No, I….. . Last year I (to go) to the USA. 8.My friend (to know) Spanish very well.

C.

1.I (to play) chess tomorrow. 2.Kate (to go) to the university tomorrow. 3.You (to come) to my place next Sunday? 4.You (to read) this book next week? 5.I (not to see) him tomorrow. 6.What you (to do) next month? 7.What your friend (to do) tomorrow? 8.Where you (to go) next summer? 9.She (to dance) tonight? 10.He (to go) to the theatre next Sunday.11.Where she (to go) in three days? 12.They (not to take) care of the garden next summer.

2.Take the appropriate form of the verb below.

1.Do you often … books in the library? 2.This student … a lot of mistakes in the tasks. 3.They . . . often rest at the seaside, they … in the mountains. 4.They … the road every year. 5.We … near the road, the traffic …too much noise. 6.Cuckoos … nests. 7.In summer I … my sun-glasses. 8.My father … the tickets in advance. 9.Do they always … lottery tickets ? 10.I … him. 11.He … his car and often … it. 12.He always … about something else.

1.borrow, borrowed, borrowd; 2.make, makes, maked; 3.doesn’t rest, didn’t rest, don’t rest; / rested, rest, rests; 4.repair, repaired, repairs; 5.live, lived, lives; / make, makes, maked; 6.don’t build, built, doesn’t build; 7.wear, wears, weared; 8.doesn’t book, don’t book, don’t booked; 9.buy, buys, don’t buy; 10.don’t remember; didn’t remembered, doesn’t remember; 11.likes, like, liket; / polish, polishes, polishet; 12.think, thinks, thinkes

3.Write the past of these verbs:

1.get - got 5.pay - 9.do -

2.eat - 6.make - 10.put -

3.take - 7.work - 11.cut -

4.think - 8.hear - 12.read -

4.Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative.

M O D E L:I saw John but I didn’t see Mary.

1.They worked on Monday but they … on Tuesday. 2.We went to the shop but we … to the market. 3.She had a pen but she … any paper. 4.Jack did French at school but he …German. 5.I met my friend at the theatre but I … his wife.

5.Write questions with “Did”

M O D E L: I watched TV last night. And you ? Did you watch TV last night?

1.I enjoyed the party. And you ?___________________

2.I had a good holiday. And you?___________________

3.I got up early this morning. And you?_______________

4.I slept well last night. And you ?___________________

5.I went to the Crimea in summer. And you ?___________

6.Write questions with “Who/What/How/Why”

M O D E L: I met my former school-mate. Whom did you meet?

1.Harry arrived at 7p.m What time… Harry …?

2.I watched a film on TV. What … you …?

3.Peter went home early. When …?

4.We had dinner an hour ago. When … ?

5.The house cost a lot of money. How much …?

7.Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs in the past.

clean finish happen smoke start want watch

M O D E L: Yesterday evening I watched television.

1.I ___ my teeth three times yesterday. 2.Bernard __ 6 cigarettes yesterday evening. 3.The concert ___ at 7.30 and __ at 10 o’clock last night. 4.The accident __ last Sunday afternoon. 5.When I was a child I __ to be a doctor.

8.Translate into English

1.Пітер – студент університету. Він живе в гуртожитку. П’ять разів на тиждень у нього заняття в університеті. В суботу і неділю він не ходить в університет. Пітер займається спортом, він також захоплюється музикою. Він часто ходить з друзями на концерти. Він сам грає на скрипці і бере участь в студентських концертах. Пітер спеціалізується на історії України і вивчає українську мову. 2.Як правило, студенти здають іспити двічі на рік. 3.Мені не подобається Москва, тут дуже шумно і багато транспорту. 4.Скільки часу тобі потрібно, щоб зробити цей переклад? 5.Цей автобус тут ніколи не зупиняється. 6.Хто з вас знає, де живе Люсі? 7.Вчора ввечері я телефонувала своїм друзям в Лондон. 8.Він закінчив університет три роки тому. 9.В понеділок вона не приходила до інституту. 10.Де ти купив цей словник? 11.Куди ви їздили у відпустку влітку? 12.Джейн і Дік вперше зустрілися під час літньої практики. 13.Хто залишив це повідомлення? 14.Джон Кеннеді став президентом Сполучених Штатів, коли йому було 43 роки. 15.Я зателефоную йому трішечки пізніше. 16.Що ми подаруємо їй на день народження? 17.Прогноз погоди повідомляє, що завтра буде дощ. 18.Він складатиме останній іспит через декілька днів.

TOPIC

Topical Vocabulary

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations.

TRAVELLING

To understand how true it is you’ve got to go to a railway station, a sea or a river port or an airport. There you are most likely to see hundreds… To be on the safe side and to spare yourself the trouble of standing long… At last you are on your way to the destination and can escape and get rid of the same and completely annoyed…

GRAMMAR

CONTINUOUS TENSES

I. The Use of Continuous Tenses.

1) an action going on at the present moment, at the time of speaking; e.g. Why areyou crying? Чому ти плачеш? 2) an action in its progress going on at the present period of time not necessarily at the time of speaking;

Working.колипрацюю.

e.g. We are flyingto Paris Вранці ми вилітаємо до in the morning. Парижа. v The Past Continuous is used to express:

II. The Formation of Continuous Tenses.

  Present Past Future now, at the moment at …o’clock, from …to/till …, the whole evening,…

EXERCISES

1.I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exercise. 2.Your friend (to do) his homework now? 3.Look! The baby (to sleep). 4.My father… 2.Put a tick (Ö ) if the sentence is right and a cross ( X ) if it is… 1.He smokes ten cigarettes a day.

TOPIC

Topical Vocabulary

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations. TRAVELLING BY TRAIN The first railway in our country was opened in 1837 and since that time people have covered millions of kilometers…

A. B.

a)mail 1)carriage

b)distant 2)probably

c)coach 3)evident

d)obvious 4)to solve

e)there is no doubt 5)beforehand

f)to be most likely 6)to fix

g)in advance 7)far

h)to settle 8)to refuse

i)to deny 9)without doubt

j)to appoint 10)post

5.Fill in the appropriate word.

The first railway in our country was opened in 1837 and since that time people have … millions of kilometres. People travel in … trains. We often get tired of the same … and daily routine and want to have a rest. We go to a place where we … never been before .We can … the tickets in advance and get to the … station by a taxi. The train is not the … way of travelling but it gives us a … to admire the scenery around. Modern trains have very comfortable seats in all passenger trains and there are sleeping-cars and dining cars that make even the longest … enjoyable.

(journey; covered; surroundings; passenger; have; chance; book; railway; fastest)

6.Read and say what kinds of tickets there are in Great Britain.

Going by Train in Britain.

A singleis a one-way ticket. If you ask for a return ticket, the clerk may ask you when you are coming back. This is because there are at least two types of return tickets: an ordinary return – the more expensive and valid ticket on any train for a period of three months; a cheap day return –valid only on the day you buy it, and usually only after a certain time in the morning.

If you are staying in a town near London, you may be able to buy a rail ticket which is also valid in the London Underground.

Always keep your ticket until the end of your journey, when your ticket may be collected at the barrier.

7.Speak on your last (imaginable) travelling by train.

READING

Text. Mistaken Identity.

Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca, New York, where I was to change trains and take the sleeper. There were crowds of people on the platform,… This did not improve my condition at all, but just then I noticed that the… “Can I be of any service to you?” he asked. “ Do you want a place in a sleeping-car?”

Buying a ticket

A single to Birmingham, please. Two day returns to Oxford, please. An ordinary return to Cambridge, please.

Dialogue A.

-Third class return to Exmouth, please.

-Here you are, sir.

-Thank you. Which platform for the Exmouth train?

-Platform 3. You’ll have to hurry up. It goes at nine o’clock.

Dialogue B.

-One first to Glasgow, please.

-Single or return?

-Single…Do I have to change anywhere?

-No, no change. It’s a through train.

-Thank you.

Dialogue C.

-Yes, rather. -What about having the window open? -I don’t mind. Can you manage it?

I. The Use of Perfect Tenses.

1) to express an action which took place before the present moment, when the speaker’s aim is to emphasize the present result of this action; e.g. My friend hasn’t come yet. Мій друг ще не приїхав. 2) to express an action which began before the present moment and continued up to it. In this case the preposition…

II. The Formation of Perfect Tenses.

EXERCISES: 1.Translate into Ukrainian. 1.I have never heard about this story from my father. 2.My mother hasn’t come home yet. 3.It is cold today. The…

Topical Vocabulary

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations. TRAVELLING BY AIR There are various means of transport at the disposal of those who travel either for pleasure or on business.…

A

The captain was showing Danny the different controls and dials when suddenly the cockpit door burst open. A tall man with a scar on his left cheek, who was carrying a gun, grabbed Danny and yelled at the captain. “This is a hijack. I’m in control now.” Without thinking of the danger Danny bit the man’s hand as hard as he could. The hijacker screamed in pain. Quickly the co-pilot grabbed the gun while the captain knocked the hijacker unconscious.

B

Danny looked excitedly out of the window as the aeroplane was taking off into the bright sky. Then he smiled happily at his dad who was holding his soft hand tightly.

C

“This is going to be the best Christmas ever,” thought Danny. “I can’t wait to tell Granddad about what I did.” When the plane landed Danny was given a hero’s welcome. As a reward the airline gave Danny and his family free flights for the rest of their lives.

D

They had been flying for an hour when Danny’s father disappeared for a few minutes. He came back followed by a friendly looking stewardess in a blue and red uniform. “Would you like to see the cockpit, Danny?” she asked. Danny couldn’t believe it. “This is a dream come true,” he thought as he followed the stewardess to the front of the plane.

2.Find English equivalents to the following words and write their transcription:

кабіна пілота, небезпека, пронизливо кричати, раптом схопити, шрам, непритомний, терорист, схвильовано (збуджено), безкоштовний переліт, мрія, здійснитись (про мрію), зникнути, винагорода, пістолет, вогнепальна зброя, другий пілот.

Find the sentences with these words in the text and translate them.

3.Say what the main characters of this story are. How do you imagine each of them? (describe their clothes and character). What do you think about Danny?

4.Stage the play assuming as a basis Text B.

5.A travel magazine is running a competition for the best story about the incident in the air. Write a story for the competition.

TALKING POINTS

Basic situation: You are flying to London; you talk with the stewardess and your fellow-travellers on the plane; you speak to the customs officer at the airport.

1.Read and translate the topical words:

jet-plane, flight, seat-belt; pilot, stewardess, customs officer; to announce, to register, to declare, to pay, to serve; to go through the customs; to give smb. a lift; on board a plane

2.Read and translate the speech patterns:

1.

What time does the plane leave for Kyiv?

When does the plane land in London (Paris, Rome)?

The plane leaves every Tuesday. The only plane flies on Tuesday.

The plane takes off in forty-five minutes.

You land in London at 9.30 p.m.

The bus leaves for the airport every twenty minutes.

Do I pay for my luggage? Do I pay the customs?

2.

Passengers are requested to walk to the plane (to register, to fasten their seat belts).

Passengers are not allowed to smoke, the plane is taking off.

3.

How long will it take us to get to London? What’s the flying time? I think about three and a half hour.

How long will it take us to get to the centre of London by taxi? I think about 40 minutes. It depends on the traffic.

4.

Would you care for some sweets (some mineral water) madam? Yes, please.

5.

Shall I open my suit-case? No, you needn’t. Thank you.

Shall I give you a lift to* the hotel? Yes, please, if you can.

Shall I help you with your luggage, sir? Yes, please. Take it to the taxi-stand. Thank you.

* підвезти когось до...

3.Read, translate and practise the dialogues in pairs, changing the text.

The Plane Is Taking off

Stewardess: Ladies and gentlemen, British Airways welcome you aboard this Boeing 747 and hope you have a pleasant flight. As we are about to take off, you are requested to fasten your seat belts and kindly refrain from smoking. Thank you.

Passenger: Excuse me, miss. When do we land in London and at what altitude shall we be flying?

Stewardess: The plane lands in London at 11 a.m., and we’ll be flying at an altitude of about 27 thousand feet or 9 thousand metres.

Passenger: Thank you. Excuse me, I have another question. What’s the weather like in London?

Stewardess: The weather was fine and warm yesterday.

Passenger: Thank you. I have still one more question. Will any meals be served on the plane?

Stewardess: Yes, of course. You’ll have lunch in half an hour.

On the Plane

- I say, are you feeling all right?

- Not quite, I’m afraid. I’m a little air-sick.

- So sorry. Is there anything I can do for you? Shall I ring for the stewardess?

- Yes, please, and would you mind lowering the back of my seat a little… Thank you. It’s better now.

- Would you care for a cup of coffee or a glass of water?

- A little later, please.

The First Steps on Land

- Oh, how nice to be on land again. The air is so fresh!

- Yes, it is. Thank you for the pleasure of your company, Miss Bell. I was very glad to meet you.

- Oh, it’s me who should thank you. You’ve been so kind.

- Not at all. I hope to see you sometime.

- That would be nice. But look here. I’m being met by my father. We can give you a lift if you like.

- Thank you. It’s really very kind of you.

At the Customs

Customs Officer: Good afternoon, sir. Is this your suit-case?

Petrenko: No, it isn’t. Mine is the brown one.

Customs Officer: Oh, I see. Have you anything to declare?

Petrenko: No, I haven’t. There are only personal belongings in my suit-case. Shall I open it?

Customs Officer: No, thank you, sir. You needn’t. It’s all right. You may go through Passport Control now. Straight on, please.

Petrenko: Thank you, Officer. Good afternoon.

At a Taxi- Stand

Petrenko: Hey! Taxi!

Driver: Yes, sir. Let me help you with the luggage. Where to?

Petrenko: The Europe Hotel, please.

Driner: That’s in Cromwell Road, isn’t it?

Petrenko: That’s right. How long will it take us to get there?

Driver: I think we’ll be there in about thirty minutes.

4.Answer your friend’s questions.

1.Do you like travelling by air? Yes/No. Why? (If you have never travelled by air, can you say that you would like to do it? Yes/No. Why?) 2.What do you think is the flying time from Kyiv to London? 3.How long does it usually take us to get to an airport from the centre of Kyiv? 4.What are the duties of the stewardess? 5.Are meals served on board the plane? 6.When are passengers requested to fasten their seat belts? 7.What do passengers talk about on the plane? 8. What is the first thing you do before starting on a trip? 9.Do you get air-sick when on a plane? 10.Is it easy or difficult to go through the customs? 11.What does the customs officer usually say to those who have just arrived in the country?

5.Say it in English.

1.Пристебніть ремні. Прошу не палити, літак іде на посадку. 2.Стюардесо, мені, будь ласка, води. Я не гарно себе почуваю. – Одну хвилинку. 3.Будьте ласкаві, підніміть спинку мого сидіння. 4.Обід подадуть через 20 хвилин після того, як літак злетить. 5.Оголосили наш рейс, і пасажирів просять пройти на посадку. 6.Мій брат зустрічає мене. Ми можемо вас підвезти. 7.Запишіть, будь ласка, мій номер телефону. Якщо я вам буду потрібен, зателефонуйте мені. 8. Відкрийте, будь ласка, ваші валізи. Дякую. Все гаразд. Ви можете йти, паспортний контроль прямо.

6.Study this problem situation. Discuss and dramatise it.

You are on a plane going to London. It’s your first trip to England. You have no practical knowledge of London, its transport, hotels and so on. A man beside you happens to be a Londoner. He is kind and ready to give you any information you need. You start a conversation.

7.Ask questions so that the sentences given below were the answers:

1.The airport doesn’t take planes because of the weather.

2.The flight is put back because the plane from Odessa hasn’t arrived yet.

3.You have to pay 17 hryvnas extra for your luggage.

4.No, you can’t have this bag with you, you must have it registered.

5.The announcer has called flight 451.

6.We are flying at a speed of 800 kilometres.

7.No, I wasn’t airsick, though the flight was rather rough.

8.Smoking wasn’t allowed.

9.The flight is being delayed because of bad weather.

10.Yes, this flight is often cancelled.

8.What do you do or say when:

1.the announcer calls your flight; 2.your luggage weighs more than one is allowed to take free of charge; 3.you can’t leave on the day your flight is booked; 4.you want to know the altitude and speed your plane is flying at; 5.you want to know when the bus reaches the airport for your flight; 6.you would like to know what airport formalities one has to complete before flying.

9.Memorise the following:

- Where is the information office? the ticket office - When does the plane to Kyiv take off? - Is this a direct flight/non-stop flight? - How much is a ticket to London? first class business class economy class - What days and what time do planes leave for N? - I should like a ticket on a plane to England, flight №115 for tomorrow. - night flight - to book tickets in advance   - to reserve tickets - one-way ticket/a single ticket - a return ticket -a round trip ticket - Where is the check in? - Your luggage is overweight. - You’ll have to pay excess. - Go to gate 2. - departure, arrival - departure gate -departure lounge - crew - captain - Give me an air sick pill air sick bag air time table schedule

- Де довідкове бюро? каса продажу квитків - Коли відлітає літак до Києва? - Це прямий рейс?   - Скільки коштує квиток до Лондона? - першим класом - другим класом - туристичним класом -У які дні і коли відлітають літаки до...? -Я б хотів придбати квиток на літак до Англії, рейс №115 на завтра. - нічний рейс -купувати квитки заздалегідь - забронювати місце - квиток в один кінець - зворотній квиток - квиток в обидва кінці - Де місце реєстрації? - У вас зайва вага. - Треба доплатити. - Йдіть до другого виходу. - виліт, прибуття - вихід на посадку - зал очікування -екіпаж -командир -Дайте мені аерон гігієнічний пакет розклад рейсів

9.Look at the following conversation. Number the parts in the correct order.

-Here’s a label for your hand baggage. Do you want smoking or non- smoking?

-Here’s your boarding card. Boarding will be at 10.45. at departure gate number 22. Have a nice flight.

-Yes. Can I have your ticket and your passport, please?

-I’m sorry. All the window seats are taken. Do you want an aisle seat?

-Just that one. This one is hand baggage.

-Hello. Do I check in here for Miami?

-Thank you. How many pieces of baggage are you checking in?

-Yes, all right.

-Thank you.

-Here you are.

-Non-smoking, please. I’d like a window seat, if you’ve got one.

Listen and check your order. Learn this dialogue.

UNIT 4

Grammar:Perfect Continuous Tenses (Active Voice) Topic:Travelling by Car Reading: Text A. Cars Driving Us Crazy? Text B. Driving Tests Talking Points

GRAMMAR

PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES (ACTIVE VOICE)

I. The Use of Perfect Continuous Tenses.

e.g. His father has been working Його батько працює на at this plant for twenty years. цьому заводі двадцять років. She has been teaching physics Вона викладає фізику в

II. The Formation of Perfect Continuous Tenses.

  Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous since 1980, for ten years,… EXERCISES 1.Translate into Ukrainian.

Topical Vocabulary

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations. TRAVELLING BY CAR As for me there is nothing better than to travel by car – a good, fast car I mean. When you are in an airplane, you…

My own car

The problems

· The roads are too busy. People driving in cities or on the motorway often have to sit in traffic jams. · Towns are often designed for cars, not for people. On some roads,… · The noise of traffic causes stress for people who live and work near busy roads.

Solutions from around the world

· In Britain, the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution has asked the government to increase the price of petrol. · In Paris, France, when the pollution is really bad the underground, buses… · In Bern, Switzerland, drivers have to get a permit to park in the city. This has reduced traffic in the city by 15…

1.

-Яка з доріг найкоротша?

-The one on your right.

-По дорозі будуть заправні станції?

-Of course. There will be two.

-А як щодо кафе або ресторану?

-You will see a very good hotel with a restaurant.

-Дякую за інформацію.

-Don’t mention it.

2.

-The brakes are too slack. I want to have them adjusted.

-Добре. Що ще треба зробити?

-The steering wheel is slack too.

-Я обов’язково це перевірю. Це все?

-No, I’ve got a blow-out. Have the tyre changed.

-Буде зроблено.

3.

-Ви давно водите машину?

-Yes. I bought my first car ten years ago.

-Мені б хотілося, щоб ви глянули на мою машину.

-What’s wrong with your car?

-Не можу визначити, в чому справа.

-Is the carburettor in order?

-Так, все в порядку.

-Have a look at the petrol gauge.

-В мене скінчився бензин. Ось у чому справа!

4.

-Що у вас сталося з машиною?

-The plugs are misfiring. They ought to be cleaned.

-Скільки бензину витрачає машина?

-The consumption of gas is terrible. The car eats up gas.

-Це погано. Я раджу вам купити іншу машину, а цю продайте.

-I’ll follow your advice.

 

4.Read and translate the table:

Talking about journey time, distance, speed and prices

Journey time How long does it take by car? (It takes) nine days. How longdoes it take by train? Five hours. How long does it take on foot? It’s a five-minute walk/drive/flight.   Distance How far is it? It’s 2,500 miles away. How faris your University from your home? Ten kilometres. Speed How fast can you drive? Fifty-five miles per hour. (mph) Ninety kilometres an hour. (km/h) Prices How muchis petrol? (It’s) $2 a gallon. How much does petrol cost? (It costs) 25 cents a litre. How much are hotel rooms? $25 perperson pernight. How muchdo hotel rooms cost?

a) Imagine these are the correct answers to questions about your country. Write the questions, using How long or How far.

1.An hour. 5.Two weeks.

2.500 kilometres. 6.It’s three kilometres away.

3.Half an hour. 7.Ten hours.

4.20 kilometres. 8.It’s a ten-minute drive.

 

1.An hour. How long does it take to get from … to … by car?

2.500 kilometres How far is it from ... to …?

b) Write six questions about speed and prices in your country.

How fast can you drive in town?

How much does it cost to fly from … to …?

c) Make up mini-dialogues using the table above.

UNIT 5

Grammar:Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous Tenses (comparison) Topic:Travelling by Sea Reading:Text. A Sea Story Talking Points

GRAMMAR

CONTINUOUS, PERFECT, PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES

(COMPARISON)

EXERCISES

1.I received a letter from Susan a few days ago. I (not to receive) letters from her since she left. 2.There are a lot of dirty dishes. We (not to… 2.Use Present Perfect (Continuous) or Future Perfect (Continuous). 1.We (to be) here for a week and (not to meet) any interesting people yet. 2.How long you (to stay) here? – We (to be)…

Topical Vocabulary

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations. TRAVELLING BY SEA If you are on holiday and spend it by a sea, it’s a pleasure for you to go on a voyage. All you have to do is to book…

Liner cruise harbour deck cabin

Drop anchor at the pier

The “Karolina” is a modern _____ . It has first-class _____ on the main deck. The second– and third-class cabins are below deck. 7.Speak about the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by sea.  

Topical Vocabulary

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations. GOING THROUGH THE CUSTOMS While travelling a tourist may find himself in different places where he must both observe certain rules and enjoy his…

Full name _______________________________________________

Citizenship ______________________________________________

Arriving form ____________________________________________

Country of destination ____________________________________

Purpose of visit __________________________________________

(business, tourism, private, etc.)

My luggage (including hand luggage) submitted for Customs inspection consists of ____ pieces.

Have you got weapons in your luggage or with you? ____________

What objects of art have you got in your luggage? _____________

How much of Ukrainian currency have you got? _______________

What other foreign currency have you got? ___________________

I am aware that, in addition to the objects listed in the Customs Declaration, I must submit for inspection: printed matter, manuscripts, films, sound recordings, graphics, etc. Plants, fruits, live animals and birds, as well as the foodstuffs of animal origin and slaughtered fowl.

I also declare that my luggage sent separately consists of ____ pieces.

Date ______________ Owner of luggage ____________

(signed)

6.Speak about customs regulations in your country.

READING.

Text. A Custom House Incident.

1.Read and translate using the dictionary.

Among the passengers travelling home by train from Florence there was a certain Miss Bradley. I only noticed her when passing down the corridor, because of her really remarkable plainness. She was rather a large, awkward woman of about thirty-five with a big, red nose, and large spectacles. Later on, when I went to the dining-car, Miss Bradley was already seated, and the attendant placed me opposite her.

I think we may have exchanged half a dozen words at dinner, when passing one another the sugar or the bread. But they were certainly all we exchanged, and after we left the dining-car, I did not see Miss Bradley again until we reached Calais Maritime. And then our acquaintance really began, and it began entirely on my initiative. There were plenty of porters, and I called one without difficulty from the window of the train. But as I got off, I saw Miss Bradley standing on the platform with two large very old suit-cases. The porters were passing her by.

I am quite sure that had she been an even slightly attractive woman, I should not have gone up to her, but she was so ugly, and looked so helpless, that I approached her, and said: “My porter has a barrow. Would you like him to put your cases on it too?” Miss Bradley turned and looked at me. “Oh – thank you. It is very kind of you.”

My porter, without great enthusiasm, added her luggage to mine; and in a few minutes we found ourselves on board the Channel ferry. Before the boat had been under way for ten minutes, I realized that Miss Bradley was a remarkable bore. Shyly and hesitantly she kept on talking about nothing, and made no remark worth taking notice of. I learned that she had been in Italy a fortnight, visiting her sister who was married to an Italian. She had never been out of England before. I did not looked forward to travelling to London with her for another four hours, so excusing myself I went along to the booking-office on board the boat and booked myself a seat on the Golden Arrow.

Miss Bradley was travelling by the ordinary boat train, so this would mean that we should part at Dover. At Dover I hired one of the crew to carry our luggage. Normally, passengers for the Golden Arrow are dealt with by the customs first, as the train leaves twenty minutes before the ordinary boat train. When the boy asked if we were going on the Golden Arrow, I hesitated and then said “yes”. It was too difficult to explain that one of us was and one of us wasn’t, and then it would get Miss Bradley through the customs quickly. As we went towards the Customs Hall, I explained carefully to her that my train left before hers, but that I would see her through the customs; the boy would then take the luggage to our trains, and she could sit comfortably in hers till it left. Miss Bradley said, “Oh, thank you very much.” The boy, of course, had put our suit-cases together on the counter, and Miss Bradley and I went and stood before them. In due course the customs examiner reached us, looked at the four suit-cases in that human x-ray manner which customs examiners must practise night and morning, and said, “This is all yours?”

I was not quite sure whether he was speaking to me, or me and Miss Bradley. So I replied, “Well-mine and this lady’s.” The examiner said, “But you’re together?”

“For the moment,” I said rather foolishly, smiling at Miss Bradley.

“Yes,” said the customs man patiently. “But are you travelling together? Is this your joint luggage?’

“Well, no. Not exactly. We’re just sharing a porter.”

I pointed my cases out. I had nothing to declare, and declared it. Without asking me to open them, the examiner chalked the cases and then, instead of moving to my left and dealing with Miss Bradley, moved to the right, and began x-raying somebody else’s luggage. The boy took my cases off the counter. I hesitated for a moment, but then decided it was no use waiting for Miss Bradley since we were about to part, so I said:

“Well, I’ll say good-bye now, and go and find my train. I expect the examiner’ll come back and do you next. The porter will stay and bring our luggage up to the trains when you’re through. Good-bye.”

Miss Bradley said, “Oh…good-bye and thank you so much.” We shook hands and I left.

I found my seat in the Golden Arrow and began to read. It must have been about twenty minutes later that I suddenly realized the train was due to leave in five minutes and that the porter had not yet brought my luggage. I was just going to look for him when he appeared, breathing heavily, with my suit-cases. I asked him rather what he had been doing.

“The lady is still there,” said the boy, “and will be for some time, I think. They are going through her things properly.”

“But why?”

“Well, they’d found forty watches when I came away, and that was only the start, so I thought maybe you wouldn’t want me to wait.”

I have often wondered whether, when Miss Bradley stood so helplessly on the platform at Calais, she had already chosen me as the person to come to her rescue, or whether she was just sure that somebody would.

Looking back, I think she must have chosen me. I am fairly sure of that though exactly how, I have never been clear. I am quite sure she never made the slightest effort to make my acquaintance.

2.Make up fifteen questions on the text.

3.Paraphrase the following sentences and parts of sentences from the text.

1. … because of her really remarkable plainness. 2.It (the acquaintance) began entirely on my initiative. 3.Miss Bradley was a remarkable bore … 4.She kept on talking and made no remark worth taking notice of. 5. .... I would see her through the customs. 6. …. normally passengers for the Golden Arrow are dealt with by the customs officer …will do you next. 9…. When you’re through. 10.I have never been clear … . 11. She never made the slightest effort to make my acquaintance.

4.Substitute words and word combinations from the text for the italicized parts.

1.I think we may have exchanged a few words at dinner, when passing one another the sugar or the bread. 2.There were quite enough porters on the platform. 3.I am quite sure that had she been even a little good-looking, I should not have gone up to her. 4.Before the boat had been sailing for ten minutes I realized that Miss Bradley was a remarkably uninteresting person. 5.It would help Miss Bradley to pass through the customs quickly. 6.The customs examiner reached us, looked at the four suit-cases in that x-ray manner which customs examiners must train themselves to have night and morning and said, “This is all yours?” 7.”Yes”, said the customs man without getting angry. ”Does the luggage belong to you and this lady together?” “Not quite, we’ve just taken the same porter, that’s all”. 8.I had nothing dutiable and said so. 9.I suddenly realized that the train would leave in five minutes.

5.Give the situations in which the following words and word combinations are used (See Text).

A dozen, plenty of, slightly attractive, under way, ordinary, to get somebody through the customs, to practise, patiently, to share, to declare, to be due, the slightest effort.

6.Find English equivalents for the following (See Text).

Була така собі місс Бредлі; передавали один одному цукор і хліб; з моєї ініціативи; коли я зійшов; дуже люб’язно з вашого боку; ми опинилися на борту; ще чотири години; вибачившись, я пройшов до каси; ви їдете разом; не мало сенсу чекати місс Бредлі; а потім він огляне ваш багаж; коли ви пройдете огляд; це був лише початок; мені ніколи не було ясно.

TALKING POINTS

1.Read, learn and act.

At a Passport and Customs Desk

-Your passport, please. How long are you planning to stay in the country?

-Three weeks. Could I prolong my entrance visa in case of necessity?

-Sure. The receiving party will take care of it.

-Can you put your bags on the table, and your customs form, please.

-How much do they weigh?

-23 kilos. I’m sorry, but you’ll have to pay an excess luggage charge.

-Oh! It’s only three kilos overweight.

-Yes, sir…that’s 6 pounds…Thank you. Have you anything to declare?

-Pardon?

-Alcohol, cigarettes, fresh fruit, plants…?

-Oh, no.

-Open your suitcase, please. Any gifts?

-Only one bottle of vodka.

-All right. It’s duty free. As you probably know, it’s forbidden to bring in more than two bottles of alcohol and two blocks of cigarettes to England. And no limitations as to currency. Here’s your form.

-Thank you.

-Not at all. Next please.

Going Through the Customs

-Yes. They’re all I have. -Well, would you , please, read this notice carefully? -Thank you.

UNIT 7

Grammar:Passive Voice Topic:At the Hotel Reading:Text A. A Letter Text B. A Bad Way to Begin a Marriage Talking Points

GRAMMAR

PASSIVE VOICE

The use of the Passive Voice

a) without the doer of the action being mentioned (the doer is either unknown or unimportant) e.g. The telegram was sent yesterday. (Телеграму відправлено вчора.) b) with the doer of the action being mentioned. This occurs only when the doer of the action is to some extent…

The formation of the Passive Voice.

to be + Ved(III)   Present Past Future Indefinite It is written It was written It… EXERCISES Look at the newspaper story. Find examples of passive verbs in the following tenses: the Present Indefinite, the Past…

Topical Vocabulary

single room номер для одного double room номер для двох suite [swi:t] люкс

Text A. A Letter

Newton Hotel, Manchester, 16th March 2002 Dear Paul,

Martin.

Text B. A Bad Way To Begin A Marrige

“I never thought it was going to be like this,” John said. He was talking about his honeymoon and he looked very disappointed. He and Ann, his… Everything was wrong. First of all, Bascome, the town they had come to, was… On the sixth day they went for a long walk along the coast. At first, the sky was overcast as usual. But after a while…

2.

Arriving at a hotel a visitor should register.

Filling in the arrival card a visitor writes down some information about himself

Going out of the hotel the guest should leave his key with the desk-clerk.

3.

This hotel has a car park for thirty or forty cars.

The Colonnade Hotel has two restaurants and a bar.

The Europe Hotel has a swimming-pool and a dancing hall.

4.

I’d like a single(double) room with a bath overlooking the garden (the sea).

1.Practise these substitution dialogues in pairs.

1.

-Good morning, sir.

-Good morning. I’d like a quiet single room with telephone.

double room, double room with bath, single room with shower, room with a TVset

2.

-What’s the rate for a single room with bath?

-It’s twenty-five hryvnas per night.

five pounds, ten dollars, 100 francs

3.

-How would you like to pay?

-I’ll probably pay per day.

per week, fortnightly, when signing out, in advance

4.

-Excuse me, sir, but filling in the card, you failed to put down your permanent address.

-Oh, I’m sorry. I’ll put it down now… Here you are.

First (Middle) Name, Date of Birth, Place of Birth, Surname, Signature, Passport№

5.

-Will you tell me (please) where the Foreign Exchange Desk is?

-It’s in the hall (lobby) of the Hotel, just on your right (left).

Manager’s Office, Information, News-stand, Service Bureau, Telegraph, Post Office

2.Read the dialogue and say for how long Mrs. Brown is going to stay, what kind of room she wants and why she is interested in the car park. Dramatize the dialogue.

Mrs Brown:Excuse me, I’m looking for a hotel to stay at. What would you recommend?

Information Clerk: How long are you going to stay?

Mrs Brown:Two or three nights, I think. Could you, please, look for some hotel near the centre?

Information Clerk:Yes, madam, naturally. Is it a single room you want?

Mrs Brown:No, a double room, please. My husband is joining me.

Information Clerk:Would you like to have your own bathroom?

Mrs Brown:Yes, of course.

Information Clerk:Right. Now can I offer you New Barbican, Madam? It is a modern hotel, comfortably furnished. All rooms have radio, telephone and colour TV set.

Mrs Brown:You know, I’m on tour here. Is the hotel far from the main sights of the city? Where exactly is it?

Information Clerk:In Central Street, Madam. It is not far from the Tower of London and Tower Bridge. You can easily walk to St. Paul’s from it. It will take you 20 minutes to get to the heart of the City of London.

Mrs Brown:How much does it cost?

Information Clerk:It is 40 pounds per person per night.

Mrs Brown:Fine, fine that will do… Oh, yes, one more thing. Is there a car park? My husband is bringing his car.

Information Clerk:Yes, the hotel has its own car park.

UNIT 8

Grammar:Passive Voice (Indefinite Tenses) Topic:Post Office Reading: Text A. Lost in the Post Text B. Post Cards Talking Points

GRAMMAR

PASSIVE VOICE

Indefinite Tenses

The Present Indefinite, the Past Indefinite and Future Indefinite Passive are formed by means of the Present Indefinite, the Past Indefinite or the Future Indefinite of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle II of the notional verb.

The Present, Past and Future Indefinite Tenses in the Passive Voice as well as in the Active Voice express a single, permanent or repeated action in present, past or future.

Passive Voice

1.Translate into Ukrainian. 1.Many books are published in Ukraine. 2.The machines are tested by the… 2. Supply the missing auxiliary or modal verb.

Topical Vocabulary

  postal order letter-box (pillar-box) registered letter Post Restante book-post parcel-post addressee …   2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations.

Text B. Post Cards

In the mid-19th century, Henry Cole was a well-known museum director. Every year he sent short notes to his friends at Christmas, wishing them a… Nowadays people send thousands of Christmas cards. A typical Christmas card… To other popular times for sending greeting cards are on Mother’s Day and Farher’s Day. But of all the personal…

Topical Vocabulary

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations.

AT THE DOCTOR’S

In my opinion there’s nothing more unpleasant than being ill. I can say that I enjoy a good health. But… if sometimes I happen to fall ill, I either… It was an early spring when I caught a severe cold last time. I was caught in… At night I felt myself quite unwell. I began coughing and could not sleep. I was cold. Then I understood that it was…

Cause(s)… measures

a headache to sack from school for… pneumonia to take money for… cancer to ban…

PASSIVE VOICE

The Present Continuous and the Past Continuous Passive are formed by means of the Present Continuous and the Past Continuous of the auxiliary verb… The Present and Past Continuous in the Passive Voice as well as in the Active… !The Future Continuous, the Present Perfect Continuous, the Past Perfect Continuous and the Future Perfect Continuous…

Topical Vocabulary

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations

COMPUTERS

The computer has entered education. All statistical information is put and kept in computer’s memory. In short, computers are everywhere in our… Computer hardware consists of a tower, a monitor, a keyboard, a printer and… Computer software has various programmes. In everyday business they use such common programmes:

Questions

1.How do modern companies use computers in their day-to-day business?

2.Banks work with computers, don’t they?

3.Are computers widely used in agriculture and industry? In what way?

4.What does computer hardware consist of?

5.What programmes are used in everyday business?

6.Have you got a personal computer (PC)?

7.What do you need a PC for?

THE PROS AND CONS OF THE INTERNET

The main use of the Internet is to find information – for your schoolwork or job, or just to find out more about your hobbies, sports or current… All of the latest information is available to you, in your home, at any hour… You can also use the Internet to read newspapers and magazines, play games, plan your holiday or buy from your…

Questions

2.Who used the Internet at first? 3.When was WWW created? 4.What is the main use of the Internet?

PASSIVE VOICE

The Present Perfect, the Past Perfect and the Future Perfect Passive are formed by means of the Present Perfect, the Past Perfect and the Future… The Present, Past and Future Perfect in the Passive Voice as well as in the… EXERCISES

UKRAINE

Now Ukraine is a rich farming, industrial and mining region in south-eastern Europe. It is an independent democratic state. Its population is about… The territory of Ukraine is 603,700 square kilometers. Two such countries as… Ukraine borders on Belarus in the North, Russia in the East and Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova in the…

National Government

According to the Constitution of Ukraine adopted on June 28, 1996 Ukraine has a democratic political system. The powers of the government are… The Verkhovna Rada is the only body of the legislative power in Ukraine. It… The Presidentis the head of the state. The people of Ukraine elect the President to a five-year term. Ukrainians 18…

Local Governments

2. Use the words from the box to complete the sentences Legislative executive Cabinet judicial State Budget … 1.An_______ branch is headed by the President. 2.The national parliament is a _______ branch of power.

1.

- Could I ask you a few questions about the state structure of your country?

- You are welcome.

- As far as I know your parliament is called the Verkhovna Rada. Am I right?

- You are quite right. The Verkhovna Rada (the Supreme Soviet) is the only body of legislative power in Ukraine.

- What are its functions?

- The main function of the Verkhovna Rada is making laws and adopting the State Budget.

- And how are the members of the parliament called in Ukraine?

- People’s deputies. There are 450 of them in the Verkhovna Rada.

- By the way, what’s the term of office of the deputies?

- They are elected for four years.

- Sorry, but one more detail. At what age can one be elected to the Verkhovna Rada?

- To be elected as a deputy a person must be at least 21 years old. Besides he (or she) must be a citizen of Ukraine for previous 5 years.

- And who may vote in this country?

- Any person who’s reached the age of 18.

- It is interesting to know when the last elections to the Verkhovna Rada were held?

- Last spring.

- Thank you for your information. It was very interesting and useful.

 

2.

- Could I ask you a few questions about the state structure of your country?

- You are welcome.

- As far as I know Ukraine is a presidential republic. Is the President the head of your state?

- You are quite right. Really the President is the head of our state.

- And what are his functions?

- First of all the President heads the executive power. He appoints the Prime Minister and the members of the Cabinet and they assist him in carrying out domestic and foreign policy. He is a commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The President also signs the laws adopted by the Verkhovna Rada. He can veto them.

- By the way, what’s the term of office of the President?

- 5 years with no more than two full terms.

- And who can be elected as the president?

- Any person not younger than 35. Besides he (or she) must be a resident of Ukraine for no less than 10 previous years.

- Sorry, but one more question. When will the next presidential elections be held?

- If I am not mistaken in 2 years.

- Thank you, you’ve been very helpful.

UNIT 12

Grammar:Passive Voice (revision) Topic:Kyiv Reading:Text. Where To Go And What To See In Kyiv Talking Points

GRAMMAR

PASSIVE VOICE

1. Match the two parts of these sentences to make well-known proverbs and sayings and find their Ukrainian equivalents in the box. 1.…   a)Шлюби здійснюються на небесах. b)Недовчений гірше… 2.Rewrite the sentences in the passive, omitting the word in brackets.

Teacher Student

1. The exhibition displayed in this museum greatly impressed everybody. 2. They will invite us to the show by all means. 3. The goods that are shown in these shop-windows attract people.

Topical Vocabulary

1.Remember the following words and word combinations:

approximately tribe medieval cave network research institute petrochemical junction hub

приблизно плем’я середньовічний печера мережа науково-дослідний інститут нафто-хімічний вузол (залізничний) центр

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations.

KYIV

Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, is one of the oldest cities of Eastern Europe. It is situated on the hilly right bank and on the low left bank of the Dnieper river.

The date of the ‘birth’ of Kyiv is approximately 482. Kyy, the prince of the Slavic tribe, is considered the city founder. According to a widely-known legend, Kyiv was founded by three brothers, Kyy, Shchek, Khoriv and their sister, Lybid.

Now Kyiv is the political, economic and cultural centre of Ukraine. Its population is over 3 million people. The Ukrainian capital is the seat of our government.

Kyiv is one of Europe’s most beautiful cities, as well as a treasury of medieval art and architecture. Landmarks of Kyiv include St. Sophia’s Cathedral and the Golden Gate of Yaroslav the Wise, both completed in 1037. The Monastery of the Caves (Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra), which has a network of catacombs, also dates from the Middle Ages. The Marinsky Palace and the Church of St. Andrew, both built during the mid-1700’s, are important examples of the architecture of that period. Kyiv is known for its attractive parks and famous Khreshchatyk Street.

Being an educational centre of Ukraine Kyiv has a number of colleges, universities and research institutes. Among them are the University of Kyiv (founded in 1834) named after Taras Shevchenko and the Ukrainian Academy of Science (founded in 1918).

Kyiv is also a major industrial centre with firms engaged in electronics, instrument construction, aviation, engineering and metal-working, light and food industries, chemical and petrochemical industries, etc.

The city is an important highway and railroad junction, an air transportation hub, and a busy river port.

3.Answer the following questions:

1.When and by whom was Kyiv founded?

2.On what bank of the river Dnieper is Kyiv situated?

3.What is the population of our capital?

4.Why is Kyiv considered to be one of the most beautiful cities of Europe?

5.What higher educational establishments in Kyiv do you know?

6.The Ukrainian Academy of Science was founded in 1834, wasn’t it?

7.What do you know about the industry of the capital?

8.Have you ever been to Kyiv? If yes, when? Why did you go there? What places of interest did you visit ?

9.If you haven’t been to Kyiv, can you say that you would like to go there ? What would you like to see?

10.Why do you think a lot of tourists visit Kyiv-Pecherska Lavra?

4.Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1) approximately a) головний

2) medieval b) машинобудування

3) treasury с) скарбниця

4) attractive d) згідно з

5) network e) привабливий

6) junction f) підземна печера

7) according to g) вузол

8) major h) середньовічний

9) engineering i) мережа

10) catacomb j) приблизно

5.Decide if the following statements are true or false.

1.Kyiv is one of the oldest cities of Eastern Europe.

2.Kyiv is situated on the hilly left bank and on the low right bank of the Dnieper river.

3.Kyiv was founded approximately in 842.

4.The Church of St. Andrew and Hyde Park are the landmarks of Kyiv.

5.Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, which has a lot of catacombs, dates from the Middle Ages.

6.Our capital is the seat of our government.

7.Kyiv was founded by three sisters Kyy, Shchek, Khoriv and their brother Lybid.

6.Make up questions to the following answers.

1.It is situated on the river Dnieper.

2.In 482.

3.Over 3 million people.

4.Yes, it is. It’s the seat of the government.

5.The Monastery of Caves, the Church of St. Andrew, the Golden Gates and others.

6.In 1918.

7.Yes, it is. The city is an important railroad junction and transportation hub.

8.Yes, it is. Kyiv has a lot of colleges, universities and research institutes.

9.The University of Kyiv named after Taras Shevchenko.

10. Khreshchatyk.

7.Speak about Kyiv as the capital of Ukraine.

READING

Text. Where To Go And What To See In Kyiv.

Khreshchatyk, the beautiful many-faced, brightly-lit main street of Kyiv, hasn’t always been like this. Originally it was Khreshchata Dolyna covered… Museum lovers will find hundreds of beautiful exhibits in the Museum of… Theatre-goers will never be bored in Kyiv as there are theatres to all tastes: the Taras Shevchenko National Opera and…

1.

- Is it possible to see anything of Kyiv in a day or two?

- Well, yes, but of course, not half enough.

- What do you think I ought to see first?

- Well, if you are interested in churches and historical places, you should go to the Church of St. Andrew, St. Sophia’s Cathedral, Golden Gates and Volodymyr Cathedral. Do you like museums?

- Rather.

- Then why not go to the Taras Shevchenko State Museum?

- I am told one ought to see the Museum of Ukrainian Fine Arts. Do you think I shall have time for that?

- Well, you might, but I would recommend you to leave that for some other day. You could spend a whole day there. It’s much too big to be seen in an hour or so.

2.

- Since I don’t leave until tomorrow evening I have almost two days for doing the tour. What would you recommend me to see first of all?

- If you’re interested in architecture you shouldn’t fail to see the Kyivo-Pecherska Lavra in the first place. It’s an architectural monument of the 17-th century. Then St. Sophia’s Cathedral in St. Sophia square and Andriyvska Church which is not far from it are certainly worth seeing, too.

- What else should I see?

- You’ve never been to Kyiv, have you? Then I advise you to take a walking tour of the Dnieper slopes. They are very picturesque.

- I heard a lot about the Dnieper slopes and Kyiv parks. Unfortunately, I’m too short of time to see them all.

3.

- Excuse me. Is this the right way to Khreshchatyk?

- Yes, go straight ahead for two blocks and then turn left. You’ll see a cinema there. You can’t miss it. Take the next turning on the right and you’ll find yourself in Khreshchatyk.

- How long will it take me to get there?

- It’s no distance at all, say, 15 minutes’ walk from here. You could get there by trolley-bus, but it’s hardly worth it.

- Thank you very much.

- It’s nothing.

2.Fill in the missing parts of the dialogues.

1.

- I am going to stay in your city for a couple of days. What should I see in the first place?

- …

- Yes, I, too, was going to start sightseeing with the centre. What would you recommend me to see?

- …

- How do I get there?

2.

- What are your plans for Saturday?

- …

- Let’s do the sights. They say the town is famous for many places of interest.

- …

- We’ll start with the Golden Gates. We’ll get there by bus.

- …

- It’s only a few blocks from there. We’ll visit it too. What else are you interested in?

- …

3.

- …

- It’s three blocks from here. Cross the street, turn right and walk straight. You can’t miss it.

- …

- Yes, you can, but it’s hardly worth it. It’s only about 10 minutes’ walk from here.

- …

- It’s nothing.

3.Speak on the following situations:

1.Tell the tourist what he (she) should see in Kyiv.

2.Speak with your friend about the main sights of our capital.

3.Discuss with your friends your last visit to Kyiv.

UNIT 13

Grammar: The Obligue Moods. The Synthetic and Analytical forms. Topic: Agriculture of Sumy Region Reading:Text. Successful Farming Depends on the Soil. Talking Points

GRAMMAR

1.The Obligue Moods. The Synthetical and Analytical Forms

The function of the obligue moods is to represent something in the speaker’s mind not as a real fact, but as a wish, purpose, supposition, doubt or condition problematic or contrary to fact. There are four obligue moods in Modern English, of which two are synthetical and two analytical.

The synthetical moods are – Subjunctive I and Subjunctive II.

The analytical moods are – the Conditional and Suppositional.

 

 

Mood	Tense	Formation	Meaning	Example	Translation
Subjunctive I	-	V (Infinitive without to)	an action as proble-matic, but not as contradic-ting reality	He de-mands that we be present.	Він вимагає, щоб ми були присутні.
Subjunctive II	present	Ved (2) (were for all persons)	an action as contrary to reality	I wish he were with us.	Шкода, що він не з нами.
past	had Ved(3)	If he had been in town yesterday, he would have come.	Якби він був учора в місті, він би прийшов.
Suppositional	present	should V	an action as proble-matic, but not contra-dicting reality	I suggested that he should meet her.	Я запропо- нував, щоб він її зустрів.
past	should haveVed(3)
Conditional	present	should / would V	unreal action	I should call on him but I have very little time.	Я б зайшов до нього, але у мене дуже мало часу.
Past	should/would haveVed(3)	She would have bought a watch but the shop was closed.	Вона б купила годинник, але магазин був зачинений.

 

2.The Use of Subjunctive Mood in Simple Sentences

a) Smb had better + V. It means strong advice.

e.g. You had better go there again. Краще б тобі піти туди знову.

You had better not tell her about it. Краще б вам не казати їй про це.

b) Smb would rather + V. It means preference. (I prefer)

e.g. I would rather gothere again. Я краще піду туди знову.

с) If only (oh, if) smb + Ved (II). It means regret or strong unreal wish.

e.g. If only he cametomorrow. О, якби він прийшов завтра.

Oh, if it were not so hot now. Ох, хоч би не було так жарко.

d) in slogans, wishes, imprecations, set expressions.

e.g. Long live the Army! Хай живе армія!

Be it so! Хай буде так!

EXERCISES

1.Translate into Ukrainian.

1.Be you lucky.2. He would come to see you.3. The horse would drink the water.4. I should buy this dress.5. The girls would plant the flowers.6.The car would pass this building.7. The vase would be put on the table.

2.Translate into English.

1. Ми б зустріли їх. 2. Хай їм щастить. 3. Вони здали б екзамен. 4. Він би одержав водійські права. 5. Хай студентам пощастить! 6. Мої колеги поїхали б на конференцію. 7.Дівчата зіграли б на піаніно.

3.Answer the following questions as in the models.

M O D E L: Suppose you want to buy a book. Where would you go? – I should go to a book- store.

I.1.Suppose the ice is still very thin on the river. Would you skate on it? Why? 2.Suppose you must be in Kyiv in the shortest time possible. Would you go there by train or by plane? 3.Suppose tomorrow is your friend’s birthday. What would you buy for him as a present? 4.Suppose the weather is fine tomorrow. What would you do after classes?

M O D E L:Suppose you wanted to see a film yesterday. Where would you have gone? – I should have gone to the cinema.

II.1.Suppose you were very busy last night .Would you have watched television? 2.The other day the librarian offered me a popular science book and a novel. What would you have chosen? 3.Yesterday I could go to the theatre or to the cinema. What would you have done in my place? 4.Last summer I could spend my holidays in the Crimea or in the Carpathians. Where would you have gone in my place? 5. Suppose you had dinner in the dining-room yesterday. Would you have taken cutlets or fried fish for the second course?

4.Translate into Ukrainian.

1.He had better take the metro. 2.I think I had better go to bed. 3.They had better try their luck another time. 4.We had better start at once. 5.You had better take a couple of aspirins and try to sleep. 6.She had better see a doctor about it. 7.You had better not tell her about it. 8.He had better wait here.

5.Translate into English.

1.Краще б вам працювати разом. 2.Ви б краще доглядали хворого сина. 3.Вам би краще відвідати картинну галерею. 4.Ви б краще подивилися це слово в словнику. 5.Краще б вам нічого не планувати заздалегідь. 6.Їй краще не втручатися в цю брудну справу.

6.Advise your friend:

to get this book from the library; to look after his/her sick cousin; to visit some historic places in that town; to rest an hour or so before doing this job; not to look for this book in the bookcase; to look about before crossing the street.

7.a)Translate into Ukrainian.

1.I’m sure they would much rather have some sandwiches to eat on the way. 2.She’s not at all musical. She’d much rather see a good film. 3.She hates to be in people’s way. She’d much rather stay at a hotel. 4.Would you rather stay at home tonight? 5.The weather is so fine. I’d rather walk at least part of the way.

b)Paraphrase the sentences using I would rather/sooner do smth.

1.You prefer not to put off this job but to do it right away. 2.You choose not to get this book from the library but to buy it. 3.You prefer not to go on an excursion to Kyiv but to have your holiday in the countryside. 4.You choose not to stay at home but to go to a holiday camp. 5.You prefer not to go to the sea but to have a walking holiday. 6.You prefer not to have a cup of coffee but some milk.

c)Translate into English.

1.Я вважав би за краще не відкладати цієї роботи. 2.Краще я куплю цю книгу. 3.Я б віддав перевагу подорожі до Лондону. 4.Я б не хотів залишатися там ні на один день. 5.Я краще займусь спортом. 6.Краще я вип’ю чашечку кави.

8.a)Translate into Ukrainian.

1.If only your mother could see you now. 2.If only he gave me a job. 3.Oh, if I had this chance. 4.If only someone had warned me. 5.Oh, if it did not rain. 6.Oh, if you had never gone there. 7.If only I were young again. 8.If only we found a taxi. 9.Oh, if she had taken my advice. 10.If only you realized how important it is.

b)Express your wish.

1.Your friend did not get the telegram and did not meet you. You wish she had got your telegram.

2.You don’t know Italian and can’t act as an interpreter. You wish to know this language.

3.Your friend did not let you know about her arrival and you did not see her. You wish she had let you know about it.

4.It is autumn now. You wish it to be spring now.

5.You friend did not warn you about the danger and you got into trouble. You wish he had warned you about it.

6.You did not know about the meeting and did not attend it. You wish you had known about it.

c)Translate into English.

1.Ох, якби він отримав мою телеграму. 2.Ох, хоч би він погодився почекати ще тиждень. 3.Ох, хоч би погода не зіпсувалася. 4.Ех, якби ж він повідомив нас про свій план. 5.Ех, якби ж ми замовили квитки заздалегідь. 6.Якби ж не було так жарко. 7.Якби ж він не був таким сором’язливим. 8.Якби ж ви тільки зателефонували мені.

TOPIC

Topical Vocabulary.

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations. AGRICULTURE IN SUMY REGION. Sumy region is situated in the north-east of Ukraine. Its area is 25,800 square kilometers. Steppes and plains compose…

A B

1)plain a)livestock

2)to compose b)chiefly

3)mainly c)personal

4)to provide d)to make up

5)to fulfill e)making better

6)improvement f)to supply

7)animal husbandry g)flat territory

8)private h)to carry out

5.Fill in the appropriate word.

Sumy region is situated in the north-east of Ukraine. Its main treasure is … … . That’s why agriculture is the most important branch in the region … . Agriculture is a source of raw material for … … industry. Another … branch of farm production is animal … . Meat-dairy cattle raising, … …, fishing, bee-keeping are being developed. The territory of Sumy region is well-supplied with … . About 15 per cent of the area is covered with … . To improve the development of agriculture in the region collective enterprises have been reorganized into … … … … . We hope that in the nearest future Ukraine will become one of the … countries in Europe.

_______________________________________________

private joint stock companies, black soil, important, economy, poultry farming, husbandry, food processing, forests, water resources, leading

6.Speak about the perspectives in the agriculture of Sumy region.

7. Speak on the topic using the topical vocabulary.

READING

Text. Successful Farming Depends on the Soil.

Successful farming means making the best and the most scientific use of natural conditions, land, crops, livestock, machinery and all the other… In order to understand the scientific growing of crops one must know the… _______________________________

If you had eaten proper food you would be healthy and happy now.

1.Translate into Ukrainian. 1.If my mother buys a cake, we shall have a very nice tea-party. 2. If we… 2.Put the verb in the appropriate form.

Topical Vocabulary

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations.

MY NATIVE TOWN.

Now Sumy is an administrative, economic, cultural and industrial center of the Sumy region. There are many places of interest here. In my town we… Sumy is a highly-developed industrial town. There are many enterprises in our… Sumy is also an educational centre. It is the city of secondary comprehensive schools, grammar schools, colleges and…

Sumy

_1_ ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -13- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -26-

The city of Sumy is situated on the banks of the River Psyol and fortress and 1780 grew into a town. Because it was on the trade in the 18th century, and after 1861, when serfdom was abolished greatly from various invaders. So the fortifications were Slobozhanschyna. The Slobodsky Cossack regiment which B.Hrynchenko and V. Korolenko, and the composer Petr crossroads, the population of this peaceful little town suffered dislocated there. Trade and industries started to flourish in Sumy are Transfiguration Cathedral built in 1776 and Resurrection famous Ukrainian philosopher and educationalist Hryhory in Russia, there was a growth of industrial development in Sumy Tchaikovsky visited the city on numerous occasions. There are enterprises in Sumy. Today the city is a big industrial centre outstanding people of Ukraine are connected with Sumy. The industries include sugar refining and other food processing, its tributaries Sumka and Strilka. It was founded in 1652 as a strengthened and in 1656-58, Sumy was the mightiest fortress in clothing and footwear production. The life and work of many which produces machinery for the chemical industry, electron Skovoroda visited Sumy several times, and the prominent poet region. Before the first World War there were about 40 industrial Taras Shevchenko lived in Sumy in 1859. The writers showed its courage in the battles with Turks in 1677-78 was microscopes, pumps and fertilizers and various chemicals. Light quite a number of sights in Sumy, the most remarkable of them Church in 1703.

6.Can you say that you like everything in the city/village you live in? What, in your opinion, could be done to make it look better?

7. Speak about your native town (village).

READING

Text A. Kalynivka.

1.Read and translate the following text.

Kalynivka is a big and beautiful village. There is a cattle-farm, a pig-farm, a chicken-farm and a big garden in this village. There are many fruit trees in the garden.

In the centre of the village you can see a new club, a cinema, a school, a big hospital and many shops. The houses in the village are not high, but they are very nice. Near the houses you can see many trees and flowers. In the streets of the village there are buses and cars. There is a small river in this village too.

Kalynivka is a very nice village. I like living there, though it’s not easy to live in the country. My parents have to get up at 5 a.m. to milk the cows. Also they make most of our food - they make butter and cheese, we grow our own vegetables and my granny bakes our own bread. It’s great! Everything is fresh! The thing I like most about living in the village is the change of seasons. You can see them all come and go, and each one is completely different. In the city you can’t tell the difference. The air is clean in Kalynivka, because there is not much heavy traffic. You never have to queue in shops or banks. The village is clean - the people look after it and don’t throw their rubbish in the streets. People are friendly in Kalynivka, they help each other. One problem is that people gossip. Some of them are not worth knowing at all. Take, for example, my neighbour. She sits with her nose pressed to the window all day spying on everyone… If you say “Hello” to a girl in my village, it will get around to everyone in about 2 hours thanks to my neighbour, and the next day someone will come up and ask you when you are going to get married. But I still love my Kalynivka. I prefer village life to life in a big city.

2.Find English equivalents to:

клуб, свиноферма, птахоферма, велика рогата худоба, фруктові дерева, новий клуб, велика лікарня, магазини, будинки, квіти, автобуси, машини, маленька річка, красиве село, пекти хліб, доїти корову, інтенсивний вуличний рух, стояти у черзі, кидати сміття, розпускати плітки, сусід, не варто знати, шпигувати (шпигун), одружитись, надавати перевагу.

3.Tell what is good (bad) about living in Kalynivka.

4.Tell about the village you (your grandparents) live in.

5.Have you ever had any problems because of the gossip in the village? Tell your story to your group-mates.

Text B. The Brave Village.

1. Read and translate using the vocabulary.

George Viccars was a tailor in the Derbyshire village of Eyam. One day in September 1665 he received a parcel from London. The cloth in the parcel was damp, so George Viccars hung it in front of the fire. The next day Viccars was very ill and a few days later he died. There were large purple rings on his face and his body.

In London, thousands of people were dying from the plague. Now the terrible disease was outside the city, too. Nowhere was safe.

When they heard the news a few rich people left Eyam, but the other people stayed. ”Everybody must stay in the village,” said the local vicar William Mompesson. In the next 13 months nobody left Eyam and 262 of the 350 villagers died. But the disease did not spread to other places.

People from other villages brought food, clothes and medicine to places near Eyam. The people from Eyam collected the things and left money there. They left the money in small holes full of vinegar. One girl from Eyam, Emmott Sydall, had a sweetheart in the next village. When the plague started, they couldn’t meet each other. Every evening they came to a place between their villages and called to each other. Then one evening in spring 1666 Rowland waited and waited, but Emmott did not arrive. Rowland came back to the place every evening, but he never saw Emmott again. She, her father, brother and three sisters were dead.

The vicar of Eyam and his wife, Katherine, helped the villagers when their relatives died. One evening in August 1666, Mompesson and his wife were walking in the fields. Katherine said she could smell something sweet. This was the first sign of the plague. A few days later Katherine died. Mompesson, himself, lived for another 44 years.

2.Answer the questions.

1.What is the name of the village?

2.What happened there in 1665?

3.What did the villagers do?

4.How many people died?

3.Find three facts about each of these people.

1.George Viccars

2.William Mompesson

3.Emmot Sydall

4.Katherine Mompesson

4.Retell the text.

TALKING POINTS

1. Read, learn and act.

-Oh, why are we moving to this place ? I want to stay in Manchester. All my friends are there.

-You can make some new friends here, dear. Go and talk to those young people over there.

-Hi , I’m Jackie-Jackie Wright. My parents want to buy the house in your town. Is there much to do round here?

-It’s a great place. There’s a cinema in town. And there are two good cafes and a park round the corner. And there’s a really great leisure centre. I go there a lot.

-Are you doing anything at the moment?

-I’m going to the shop. Do you want to come? I can show you around.

2.Make up your own dialogues about your new place of living.

UNIT 15

Grammar:Subjunctive II in Object Clauses Topic:Ukrainian Holidays Reading:Text A. Customs and Traditions in Ukraine Text B. Easter Talking Points

GRAMMAR

Subjunctive II in Object Clauses

Wish-sentences

Subjunctive II is used to represent an action as contrary to reality in object clauses when the predicate of the main clause is the verb to wish.

The Present Subjunctive II is used if the action of the subordinate clause is simultaneous with that of the main clause; the Past Subjunctive II is used if the action of the subordinate clause precedes that of the main clause.

The True Situation	Expressing a Wish
1.I don’t havea computer. He cannot speak French. I have to takea bus to the University. It is cold today.	I wish Ihada computer. He wishes he could speakFrench. I wish I didn’t have to take it. I wish it were notcold today.
Comments When a speaker expresses a wish about the present/future situation, he uses Ved(II)
The True Situation	Expressing a Regret
2.I didn’t callmy friend last night. He watchedTV all evening.	I wish I had calledmy friend. He wishes he hadn’t watchedTV all evening.
Comments When a speaker expresses a wish or regret about a past situation, the form had Ved (III) is used.

EXERCISES

1.Read what the true situation is and complete the sentences expressing a wish.

M O D E L: My younger brother doesn’t have a bicycle. – He wishes he had a bicycle.

1.I don’t have a camera. 2.Ann’s younger sister doesn’t know English. 3.My friend doesn’t have a good library. 4.We don’t have much time. 5.I can’t go to the movie tonight. 6.I’m not a good cook. 7.He always makes mistakes. 8.He often misses classes.

I wish … She wishes … He wishes … We wish … I wish … I wish … He wishes … He wishes …

2.Read what the true situation is and express a wish or regret.

1.We didn’t go camping with our group-mates.

2.They didn’t visit the picture gallery when they were in the city.

3.He didn’t help his younger brother with his math.

4.She did not wash the dishes just after breakfast.

5.He didn’t catch much fish.

6.They didn’t take pictures when they visited the ancient place.

3.Paraphrase the following sentences.

M O D E L : It’s a pity she is so indifferent to music. - I wish she were not so indifferent to music..

Unfortunately, I did not see him there. - I wish I had seen him there.

1.It’s a pity he is not at school now. 2.It’s a pity you are so absent-minded. 3.I am sorry I haven’t read that article. 4.It’s a pity she went there yesterday. 5. What a pity you are leaving our school.6. It’s a pity she is so shy. 6. I am sorry I said this in his presence.7. Unfortunately, the night was very dark.

4.Act out the following dialogues expressing a wish (or regret).

M O D E L: Did you go to the party last nigt? – Yes, I did, but I wish I hadn’t. It was boring.

1.Did you go to the movie last night? (Yes, … but I wish…)

2.Is it hard to learn a foreign language? (Yes … )

3.Did you travel by bus? (Yes …)

4.Can you play a musical instrument? (No …)

5.Is there an art museum in your district? (No …)

5.Open the brackets.

1.I wish I (to know) Spanish. 2.I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 3.I wish you (to read) more in the future. 4.I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 5.I wish I (to be) at yesterday’s party: it must have been very merry. 6.I wish we (to meet) again next summer. 7.Don’t you wish you (to see) that performance before? 8.I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 9.I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it. 10.I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time!

6.Complete the conversations with a sentence using ‘wish’.

M O D E L: -My mother’s really angry with me.

-Why?

-Because she found out I had left my job.

-Oh, yes. I told her that.

-Well, I wish you hadn’t told her. It’s none of your business.

-I’m sorry.

1.

-Have you seen James’s new jacket? I bet it was expensive.

-He told me it cost $500.

-I ____________________

-Well, you may not be rich, but you’re much better looking than James.

-Am I?

2.

-You seem to enjoy dancing with Lionel.

-Yes, I do. He’s a very good dancer.

-I _________________ when I was young.

-You could learn now.

-Oh, I’d feel stupid in a dancing class at my age.

3.

-I went to Norway last month.

-Really? My brother’s living in Oslo now.

-I ________________ I could’ve visited him.

-Yes, it’s a pity. You must tell me if you have to go there again.

4.

-My parents moved to New York last month.

-How do they like it?

-My mother likes it, but my father misses their old home. He ________ .

-Perhaps he’ll get used to it.

-I doubt it.

5.

-My brothers are digging a swimming-pool.

-That sounds like hard work!

-It is. Actually, I suspect they wish __________. But they can’t stop now. There’s great big hole in the middle of the garden.

-Yes, I see what you mean.

7.Translate into English.

1.Шкода, що ви прийшли так пізно. 2.Якби я зараз був вільним! 3.Шкода, що у мене вчора було так мало часу. 4.Він шкодував, що залишив інститут. 5.Добре було б, якби ви написали їй самі. 6.От якби ви сказали їй про це минулої неділі. 7.Добре було б, якби у нас зараз були канікули. 8.Шкода, що ви не побували на виставці. 9.Шкода, що ви не звернули увагу на його попередження. 10.Шкода, що вже пізно іти туди. 11.Шкода, що ви не бачили нову породу корів. 12.Шкода, що ви не вмієте їздити на тракторі. 13.Шкода, що ви ввімкнули телевізор так пізно. 14.Шкода, що я дізнався про це так пізно.

TOPIC

Topical Vocabulary

to look forward to з нетерпінням чекати to have nothing to do не мати нічого спільного to be of great importance мати велике значення

A. B.

1)custom a)get

2)celebrate b)capture

3)receive c)tradition

4)great d)commemorate

5)church e)big

6)memorial f)lover

7)invade g)delicious

8)sweetheart h)cathedral

9)tasty i)monument

5.Fill in the appropriate word.

Everybody … … … holidays because it’s the time to enjoy ourselves. Many historical … are of great importance for all peoples and countries. As we live in Ukraine we have our own ... . One of the most important dates in our country is the 24-th of August when Ukraine was … a sovereign state.The dear holiday is also the New Year. A lot of people … the New Year tree. Christmas Day and Easter are … … the birthday of Christ and his Reserrection. On this day people go to the … . The 9^th of May is Victory Day, the holiday of victory over fascist … . But except serious religious holidays the Ukrainian people have such days as a day of jokes and tricks - the 1^st of April. People … joking and laughing on this day.

_________________________________________

devoted to; proclaimed; looks forward to; decorate; enjoy; events; invaders; customs; churches

6.Speak how you celebrate your lovely holiday.

READING

Text A. Customs and Traditions in Ukraine

1.Read the following text.

Speaking about modern Ukrainian customs and traditions it is necessary to stress that the hardworking Ukrainians proudly maintain their colourful folk culture, with music and art playing an important role, and their distinctive literary traditions. Ukrainians in general are kind, open, generous, easygoing and hospitable. They love good food and drink and have a hearty zest for life.

A modern average Ukrainian family has two working parents and usually one or two children. Children tend to live with their parents long after they finish school to an unspecified point when they are regarded as independent and are able to provide for themselves and their families. Sometimes children even have to rely on their aged parents in financial matters as the unemployment rate among the young is very high. A newly married couple often lives with either of their parents because they have no money to buy a house or flat of their own.

At the same time there is a growing number of one-parent families usually headed by a woman rearing a child. While the marriage rate gradually declines, the divorce rate slowly grows. Like in many other European countries there are quite a lot of young unmarried people living together and sharing a household. Bringing up a child in Ukraine is very costly now, and many couples decide to have only one child, or no children at all, if they are not well established in life. This leads to a definite decline of the birth rate.

In the village the families are usually larger, and the whole family works on the farm (or a patch of land they have) together. Most parents who live in the country want their children to get a higher education, so they send them to study to big cities and towns. After 5 years of studies, the children get used to the city way of life and seldom go home. In this way the number of the city dwellers increases all the time while the number of rural workers gradually declines.

Within families people become less dependent on each other, they spend less time together. In their struggle for survival, they forget about each other’s feelings and bring home their irritation and despair. Still parents think it important to teach their children daily skills and basic values of life. The most important values are honesty, common sense, purpose, responsibility, good manners and obedience to parents.

Teenagers of today are different in their minds from their parents when they were the same age. They grow up too fast, and they are very independent. They face many problems, much cruelty and many stresses. Today they should be brought up to expect that they will have to struggle to succeed. They want to go their own way which their parents do not always understand. Sometimes parents realize that their children can be good teachers for grown-ups, because teenagers can adjust to the new conditions of life quicker and more easily. When this happens, parents and children create a family microworld where they live in respect, love and harmony.

Most of Ukrainian middle-class and lower class urban families live in flats in multi-storied houses, only rather rich people can afford to build cottages either inside or outside the city boundaries. Many families have small country houses where they grow fruit and vegetables which are usually canned in seasons to be used in winter. Few people can afford to have a full-time rest during their holidays and to go to the sea-side or travel abroad. Most people have two or more jobs to be able to provide for their families.

Like most other people Ukrainians like holidays and merrymaking. They usually try to cook many tasty dishes and invite a lot of friends and relatives to their homes, or go to the country and have picnics in the woods or somewhere near the water when the weather is fine.

2.Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1) behaviour a) у середньому

2) unemployment b) покоління

3) influence c) роздратування

4) attitude d) рівень розлучень

5) adults e) поведінка

6) divorce rate f) виживання

7) birth rate g) безробіття

8) generation h) ставлення

9) on average i) дорослі

10) zest for life j) рівень народжуваності

11) survival k) вплив

12) irritation l) честолюбне прагнення

13) despair m)смак до життя

14) common sense n) ділянка землі

15) obedience o) підлітки

16) responsibility p) заміський дім

17) household q) консервування

18) a patch of land r) життєві цінності

19) city dwellers s) відчай

20) canning t) здоровий глузд

21) ambition u) господарство

22) country house v) відповідальність

23) teenagers w) слухняність

24) values of life x) міські жителі

3.Answer the questions.

1.Has the way of life in your family changed since 1991? How?

2.How many of your group-mates live with two parents and how many in one-parent families? What conclusions can you make?

3.What is your opinion about unmarried couples living together? What do your parents and grandparents think about it?

4.Do you have relatives in the country? Compare their way of life with yours. Who has to work harder?

5.Does your family have a country house? How often do you go there? What do you do there? Do you have to help your mother to do the canning in summer?

6.Do you know any unemployed people among your friends and acquaintances? What do they do for a living? Do they get any compensation money from the government?

7.Have you ever tried to find a temporary job for yourself? If yes, was it easy? What was it like?

8.What is the usual way of celebrating holidays in your family?

9.What kind of traditions, if any, does your family keep?

Text B. Easter

Read and translate the text with the help of dictionary.

Easter is the most important festival in the Christian calendar and it holds the key to understanding Christianity. Easter has a very important religious meaning for Christians. The events that happened to Jesus Christ and his followers in the days before and during Easter 2000 years ago remain in the centre of Christian belief. Every religious holiday in Ukraine is marked by the ringing of church bells. But on Velykden the bells sound particularly majestically. They announce to the whole world glad news: Christ is risen! Why is it so important? Resurrection of Christ proclaims immortality of soul. Christ rises from the dead. Resurrection gives us hope. Resurrection is a victory over death.

The date of Easter changes each year. It falls on the first Sunday following the first full moon after March 21. The preparations for Easter begin 40 days before it, on Shrove Tuesday. This marks the beginning of a period of fasting, called Lent.

The main Easter celebrations take place during “Holy week”, which begins on Palm Sunday (the Sunday before Easter). Maundy Thursday (the Thursday before Easter) is traditionally the day when Christians do good acts. Good Friday is the most solemn day of Easter because this is the day when Christians remember Christ’s crucifixion. On Easter Saturday churches are closed to symbolise Christ lying in the tomb. But Sunday – the day of Christ’s Resurrection – is a joyful occasion and many Christians prepare for it with an overnight church service, or “vigils”.

TALKING POINTS

1.Read, learn and act out.

Dialogue A.

-Hi! Lucy? It’s Robert. Yeah. How are you? Feeling better?

-Thank you, Robert. I am well.

-What about our going to watch a salute in the evening?

-Sure. Last year on May 9^th we watched it. It was unforgettable. Let’s meet at 9 at the stadium.

-Fine. I’ll be there in time.

Dialogue B.

-It’s my dad’s present on March, 8th. He has brought it from Poland. -Do the Polish celebrate the Women’s Day? -I think they do. But it doesn’t matter. The fact is that the Ukrainians celebrate this holiday. And every year my…

A.

1.You may be at the door tomorrow evening, rather earlier than is absolutely necessary, in order that we may be in good time. 2. Mr. Micawber impressed the names of streets upon me that I might find my way back easily. 3. He got up, cautiously, so that he might not wake the sleeping boy. 4. I made notes of all that she said, however, so that there should be no possibility of a mistake. 5. She opens the window lest it should be stuffy in the room. 6. She looked steadily at her coffee lest she also should begin to cry, as Ann was doing already.

B.

1.Wherever she may live, she will always find friends. 2. Of course, I shall come for your marriage, whenever that may be fixed. 3.He always reads articles in biology wherever he may stay. 4.You will find him in the garden in summer whenever you may come to see him. 5.Wherever Miss Bartley may arrive she finds the wonders of the nature. 6.Wherever the students might stay they make a lot of noise and fun.

Make up five sentences and translate them.

1.Please, mark the place in the book lest I (to waste) time looking for it. 2.I think we had better take an earlier train lest mother (to worry).… 4.Answer the following questions. M O D E L: Why did you close the window? – Lest the wind should break it.

AT THE MAP OF GREAT BRITAIN

Britain has a great variety of scenery. In Scotland there are wild desolate mountains. With England lying to the south it is bounded on the… The island of Great Britain is divided into two parts: mountainous (in the… The United Kingdom consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Administratively Great…

Text A. The State System of Great Britain

Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. The bodies of British Government are the legislative, executive, judiciary. … At the head of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the King or, as at present, the Queen. But…

Dialogue A

-Don’t you see? This is the map of the British Isles. I am going to have my agricultural practice in Great Britain this summer. I try to find the… -Can I help you? -Certainly. I am looking for Londonderry.

Dialogue B.

V.: Bernard, could you do me a favour? B.: I’ll be glad to if I can. V.: Next Saturday morning I’m going to Edinburgh by car. What would you advise me to see on my way there?

Dialogue C.

V.: All your papers are writing about the coming election. Do you think the party in power will win the election? B.: They hope so. V.: Can you give me some idea of how the election works?

THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN COMPLEX SENTENCES

3.Adverbial clauses of comparison and predicative clauses The Subjunctive Mood is used in adverbial clauses of comparison introduced by… e.g.

Translate into Ukrainian.

A.

1.She greeted him as if he were her brother. 2.She just stood there as if she did not mind. 3.He generally behaved as though he had done nothing out of the way. 4. She shook hands with him as though they had known each other all their lives. 5.The cow turned the head as if she knew us.

B.

1.Now I feel as if you had never been away. 2. He looks as if he knew something. 3.She felt as if she did not know him. 4.She felt as if she had long known him. 5.Kate felt a bitter taste in his mouth. It was as if he had done something wrong.

C.

1.John suggested that he should book seats for the theatre. 2.Dr. Ingram demanded that Mr. Nicholas be given a room. 3. My brother suggested that I give up smoking. 4. “Did Mr. Smith insist that I should confirm our telephone conversation by letter?” asked Mr. Brown. 5.Charles’s mother insisted that Mendoza should discourage her son from becoming a painter.

2.Choose the right form of the verb from the brackets.

1.I’m as indifferent to him as if he … a stranger (is/are/was/were/had been). 2.I have a curious feeling as though your face … familiar to me (is/are/was/were/had been). 3.The manager stared at him as though he … a prehistoric monster (is/are/was/were/has been/had been). 4.She looked at him with a little affectionate smile, as though she …a girl of seventeen (is/are/was/were/has been/had been). 5.”Isn’t it strange! George exclaimed, “I only met you this evening and yet I feel as if I … you all my life” (know/knows/knew/has known/had known). 6.His mother looked as if she … a sleepless night (spend/spends/had spent). 7.It doesn’t sound as though it … much fun (is/was/were).

3 .Make up five sentences using “as if”, “as though”.

4.Transform the sentences according to the model.

M O D E L: It would be good if we invited the Browns to the party ( I suggest). -

I suggest that we should invite the Browns to the party.

1.It would be good if you made an appointment with Mr. Black for next Tuesday ( I suggest). 2. It would be good if we discussed the matter next day (He insists). 3. It would be good if John did his homework every day (The teacher demanded). 4.It would be good if you congratulated him (I insist). 5.It would be good if you went to the doctor’s now (He insisted). 6. It would be good if they staged the young playwright’s play (I suggested).

5.Translate into English.

1.Він не сказав їй ні слова , наче не знав її. 2.Він так доглядав за тваринами, наче мав гарний досвід. 3.Вона говорила так, наче знала тему багато років. 4.Він мав такий вигляд, наче відпочивав декілька днів. 5.Він дивився в кімнату, наче там нікого не було. 6.Сьогодні так тепло, ніби вже весна. 7.У неї такий вигляд, ніби вона дуже стомлена. 8.Він так говорить, ніби нічого не знає про це. 9.Вона мала таке відчуття, наче бачила його раніше. 10.У студентів був такий вигляд, наче вони працювали цілий день в полі. 11.Земля мала такий вигляд, наче її копали. 12.Схоже було, що він не застав її вдома. 13. У нас було таке відчуття, наче ми відкрили таємницю. 14.Д-р Інгрем вимагав, щоб Джиму Ніколосу надали номер в цьому готелі. 15.Джим наполягав, щоб ми уважно вивчили їх пропозиції. 16.Я пропоную привітати молодих спортсменів з успіхом. 17. Джон наполягав, щоб вони самостійно виконали цю роботу. 18.Я пропоную здійснити поїздку по стародавнім містам Середньої Азії. 19.Майкл наполягав, щоб ми уважно вивчили ці документи.

TOPIC

1.Remember the following words and word combinations:

valley mayor in turn survive plague damage tremendous display Abbey conquest naval victory

долина мер по черзі пережити чума збиток жахливий, величезний виставка абатство завоювання перемога флоту

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations.

LONDON. SIGHTS OF LONDON.

London, the capital of Great Britain, lies in the valley of the Thames. “Greater London” stretches for over thirty miles from the north to south and for over thirty miles from east to west. Its population is over eight million people. London is the biggest industrial and cultural centre of Great Britain. It is also a very big port, one of the greatest commercial centres in the world, a universal city, and the seat of the government of Great Britain.

The first mayor of London was elected in 1193 but for more than a thousand years before that London had been a place of some importance. The Romans, the Saxons and the Danes settled here in turn, and after them the Normans came. London survived the Plague, which killed nearly 100,000 people, and the Great Fire which followed. Little damage occurred during World War I, but World War II brought tremendous destruction. Many buildings of great historic value were laid in ruins and today the face of London is changed. Yet much was spared, including the Tower, St. Paul’s and Westminster Abbey.

One of the oldest buildings in London is the Tower. William the Conqueror, the first Norman king, built it in the eleventh century. For hundreds of years the Tower was used as a fortress, a residence of kings and a prison. The most popular sights in the Tower nowadays is the Jewel House in which the Crown jewels are on display.

St. Paul’s Cathedral is not very far from the Tower. The cathedral, the most striking building in the city, was designed by Sir Christopher Wren, an outstanding British architect.

The City of London is a very small part of the whole, it is only one square mile in area but it is the most important banking and commercial centre of the country. Every day over a million white-collar workers come to the city offices and banks.

If you walk westwards from St. Paul’s you reach Fleet Street. Here the most important newspapers and news-agencies have their offices.

Walking along the Strand you can reach the Houses of Parliament. The new building for the Houses of Parliament was built in 1840 on the site of the old Palace of Westminster. Big Ben, the most accurate clock in the world, is in the Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament.

Opposite the Houses of Parliament stands Westminster Abbey, famous for its architecture and historical associations. Nearly all kings and queens have been crowned in the Abbey, since the time of the Conquest. Chaucer, Spencer, Tennyson, Dickens and many other famous men and writers were buried there. In the Poet’s Corner there are memorials to Shakespeare, Milton, Burns, Byron and other poets and writers.

One of the most beautiful places in London is Trafalgar Square. It was named in the memory of Lord Nelson’s great naval victory. Admiral Lord Nelson is the Britain’s national hero who defeated the French fleet in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. A high column was built in his memory. It stands in the centre of Trafalgar Square. At the base of Nelson’s Column are four great lions. The square is usually full of visitors feeding pigeons or watching the traffic.

Buckingham Palace is the residence of the British monarch. When the queen is here the royal standard is flying on the roof.

One of London’s attractions is its parks, Hyde Park the most famous of them.

There are many other historical buildings and museums in London.

3.Answer these questions.

1.What is London?

2.When was the first mayor of London elected?

3.What were the sad pages in London’s history?

4.Who built the Tower? What was it used for? What is it now?

5.What is the commercial centre of London?

6.What is the Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament famous for?

7.Where are the British kings and Queens crowned?

8.What historical event is the name of Trafalgar Square connected with?

9.What shows that the queen is in Buckingham Palace?

4.Speak on the following.

1.If you could visit only three places of interest in London, which would you choose and why?

2.Is London similar to or different from your capital city?

3.Name the most impressive places in London.

READING

Text A. A Day in London.

1.Read and translate.

Advice. If you are going to London for the day by train, try to buy a rail ticket that also includes travel on London buses and the underground. You will save a fortune on fares.

If you do not need your passport and other valuables, leave them at home. Like every other big city, London has pickpockets. They work wherever there are crowds – especially on the underground. Wear a money belt!

Try not to take 10 or 20 pound notes. It is safer to take 5 pounds notes. Check your change in shops as soon as you are given it.

Change money before you go to London. It will save time. Avoid “ exchange bureaux“ when you want to change money. A bank will probably be cheaper: Barclays, Lloyds, Midlands, National Westminster, Bank of Scotland, etc.

If you want to know what shows are on, where, and how much tickets cost, buy a copy of Time Out magazine at the bookshop in the station where you arrive. If you want to buy a ticket to a play, concert, or show, ask about ‘standby seats‘. These are cheaper but are usually only available on the day of the performance.

Plan your visit to London before you arrive! If you don’t, you will waste hours and risk being crushed in the crowds on the underground! London traffic is very busy. This can make taxis expensive. The tube is quicker than the bus, but you don’t see as much!

If you haven’t got much money, take your own sandwiches and drink, as food can be quite expensive.

You will have a very cheap day in London if you visit art galleries and museums. In Britain, they are usually free to every day of the week.

If you want to have a very frustrating day in London, join the queues at Madame Tussauds and the other most popular places. There is more to London than wax figures and Buckingham Palace! Good luck!

2.Explain which advice is the most important for you.

Text B. Things to See in London.

1.Read and translate.

Hyde Park. London’s largest and most fashionable park. It was once a royal hunting forest. Restaurants and bars at each end of the lake. Swim or hire a boat on the Serpentine.

Downing street. Number 10 Downing Street has been the home of the British Prime Minister since 1735.

The Houses of Parliament. Its official name is the Palace of Westminster. Most of the building was built in 1840 after a fire in 1834 destroyed the old palace. At the north end of the building by Westminster Bridge is the famous clock tower, Big Ben. In fact Big Ben is really the name of the bell in the tower not the clock.

The Tower of London. London’s oldest building. Since it was built by William the Conqueror in the 11^th century, this castle has been a royal palace, a prison, a place of execution, a zoo, the Royal Mint and an observatory. Today it’s a museum and houses the Crown Jewels. Gift shop.

Open Monday- Saturday 9.30-5.45. Sundays-2-5.45.

The Natural History Museum. Situated in Kensington. One of London’s greatest museums. A huge collection of animals and plants, including a quarter of a million butterflies, a blue whale and the famous dinosaur skeletons. Cafeteria, gift shop and book shop.

Open daily 10-5.45.

Madame Tussauds, Marylebone road. This famous collection of waxworks has models of famous people from pop stars to prime ministers. Displays of battles and Chamber of Horrors. Gift shop.

Open every day 10-5.30, except Christmas Day.

The Royal Observatory, Greenwich. 10 miles outside London on a hill above the River Thames. The Observatory contains telescopes and displays about astronomy, including Halley’s Comet and Black Holes. The international meridian line runs through the Observatory. Video theatre and souvenir shop. Picnic in Greenwich Park. Take a river boat to Greenwich from Westminster Bridge.

Open 10.30 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. Closed 25-28 December.

2.Answer these questions.

1.What is the Serpentine ?

2.What do you know about the Palace of Westminster ?

3.What is the Prime Minister’s address ?

4.What is the Natural History Museum famous for?

5.Where can you stand with one foot in the western hemisphere and one foot in the eastern hemisphere?

6.At how many places can you: a) buy something to eat ? b) buy souvenirs ?

3.What place will you first visit in London ? Explain your choice.

 

TALKING POINTS

1.Read , learn and act.

1.

-Is it possible to see anything of London in a day or two?

-Well, yes, but of course, not half enough.

-What do you think I ought to see first?

-Well, if you’re interested in churches and historical places, you should go to Westminster Abbey, the Houses of Parliament, St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Tower. Do you like art galleries?

-Rather.

-Then why not go to the National Gallery and the Tate?

-I am told one ought to see the British Museum. Do you think I shall have time for that?

-Well, you might, but if I were you, I should leave that for some other day. You could spend a whole day there. It’s much too big to be seen in an hour or so.

2.

-Excuse me, but I’m trying to find the British Museum.

-First left, second right. You can’t miss it.

-Is it too far to walk?

-It’s only a couple of hundred yards.

-Thanks very much.

-That’s all right.

2.Discuss with your friend where to go and what to see in London.

UNIT 18

Grammar: The Subjunctive Mood in Subject and Attributive Clauses Topic: Customs and Traditions of the British Reading: Text A. Easter Sunday Text B. The Way of Life of the English Text C. Shut the Door Talking Points

GRAMMAR

THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN COMPLEX SENTENCES

5. Subject clauses In subject clause after a principal clause of the type It is necessary, It is… e.g. It is ( was) important that he (Було) необхідно, щоб він

A.

1.It was necessary that the child’s history should be known to none. 2. It was desirable that she should marry this earnest, well-to-do and respectable man. 3.It is better for these young men that they should not remain here. 4.It was imperative that she should go home. 5. It was better that we should stay at that place. 6.It is requested that that all students should pass their second test in grammar before the winter session.

B.

1.It is high time we went home. 2.It is time we were off. 3. It is time you learned you’re in the army. 4. Now then, children. It’s high time you were washed and dressed. 5. It was time the children went to bed. 6.Ten to six. It’s time he were here. 7.It’s about time you started packing. 8.It’s high time she knew all about it.

2.Make up five sentences using :

1. It is necessary…

2. It is important …

3. It was right …

4. It was requested …

5. It is of vital importance …

3.Use the corresponding mood form instead of the infinitive in brackets.

1.It is high time the students (to know) this story well. 2.It’s high time you (to bring) the book. 3.It’s high time they (to translate) this article. 4.It’s high time she (to ring) me up. 5.It’s high time they (to make) all necessary arrangements. 6.It’s high time he (to behave) better. 7.It’s high time she ( to be serious).

4.Translate into English.

1.Було б вірно, щоб він зателефонував йому. 2.Для неї рекомендується проконсультуватися у лікаря. 3. Бажано, щоб ви вчасно одержали водійські посвідчення. 4.Було життєво необхідно, щоб він приїхав додому. 5. Необхідно було, щоб історію цієї дитини ніхто не знав. 6.Час би вам знати, що заняття починаються об 11 рівно. 7.Час би тобі подивитися цю програму. 8. Їм давно час помити коней. 9. Йому час закінчити косити траву. 10. Нам давно час доїти корів.

TOPIC

Topical Vocabulary

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations.

HOLIDAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN

For many English people (with the exception of Scotsmen), Christmas is the favourite holiday. It is celebrated much earlier than in our country, on… New Year in Britain (with the exception of Scotland) is not celebrated as… Though February is a winter month, many British people start feeling spring on February, 14 when they get Valentine…

Jesus Teaches

Read and render the text.

The English Home

On the ground floor they usually have the dining-room, the sitting-room, the kitchen, and the hall. In the hall there is a stand for hats, coats and… In front of the house they usually have a small garden, in which they grow… Lots of people live in flats: sometimes the flat is one floor of the house, sometimes it is a big block of flats, when…

Fireplaces

In the Middle Ages the fireplaces were, in the halls of large castles, very wide. Only wood was burnt, and large logs were carted in from the… Elizabethan fireplaces often had carved stone or woodwork over the fireplaces,… When coal fires became common, fireplaces became much smaller. Grates (metal frames like baskets) were used to hold…

The Englishman’s Garden

If you want to please an Englishman ( or Englishwoman) be very polite about his (her) garden. It is almost as much his “castle” as his house; he… The English garden is internationally famous. Some of them are very beautiful,… Text C. Shut the Door

View of Britain

Helen: Yes, of course. I: Are you a tourist? H: No, I’m a student at language school.

Topical Vocabulary

to date датувати(ся) to dominate домінувати to preserve an antique way of life зберегти стародавній уклад життя

Dialogue A.

-Those who pass successfully their entrance/competitive exams. -Where is higher education provided? -Higher education is provided at universities and institutes. There are three forms of educational institutions:…

Dialogue B.

-It’s common knowledge education in Ukraine is paid and free of charge as well. Students are also provided with monthly grants by the state. -Do all students in Ukraine receive grants? -Not all, but the majority of them. Those who study well and take part in socially useful work. -Students from other…

Topical Vocabulary

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations.

THE COMMONWEALTH

Though the decline of the British Empire after the World War II made the role, played by the Commonwealth nations in foreign policy of Great Britain… In the economic sphere Britain’s aim is to convert the former colonies and… In the military domain the majority of the newly free countries still depend on Great Britain so far as the armament…

Dialogue B.

-My French exchange visitor came yesterday. -What’s her name? -Marie-Ange.

Suggested, insisted, shouted, agreed, whispered, claimed, muttered, boasted, objected, exclaimed, admitted, protested

2.”Let’s go to the cinema this evening,” he said. 3.”Stop that noise in the classroom,” he said. 4.”That car you are driving is my property,” the man said.

Claim insist deny remind threaten

Encourage refuse promise demand suggest

2.”I’ve never seen that man before,” he said. 3.”If you don’t leave, I’ll phone the police,” he said. 4.”I’m not going to let you into my house,” he said.

Topical Vocabulary

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations. MY FUTURE PROFESSION There are a lot of professions that are important, useful and interesting. Engineers and factory workers make a lot of…

Persuasive, brave, creative, patient, intelligent, polite, accurate, fair, friendly

2.A scientist has to be … in order to understand complex theories. 3.Receptionists should be … in order to make people feel welcome. 4.Surgeons must be very … as they should not make mistakes in their work.

EXERCISES

1.Use the correct tense forms of the verbs given in brackets and retell the stories.

A.

A young housewife (to be) very fond of window-shopping. When her husband (to leave) for his office she (to run) to the neighbouring department store, and (to visit) every department of it, but (to take) care not to spend a single penny.

One day the salesman of a department (to ask) her: “You (to shop) here, madam?” “Certainly, I (to be),” the young woman (to answer) angrily. “What else you (to think) I (to do) here?” “Well, madam, I (to think) you (to take) an inventory.”

B.

A railroad ticket collector who (to retire) after forty-fife years of service (to talk) to his neighbours about the bright side of his work. He decidedly (to enjoy) everything: his fellow workers, the management, the work itself. There (to be) only one unpleasant thing in all of it. And when the neighbours (to be) curious to know what the unpleasant thing (to be), he (to say), “Oh, the passengers, certainly the passengers.”

C.

Once a mother and her two daughters (to visit) London. They (to do) sightseeing for some time when they (to find) themselves opposite a notice board with “National Picture Gallery” on it. The girl (to say) they (to want) to go in for they never (to be) in any picture gallery. They (to be sure) it (to be) worth seeing. But the mother (not to think) so. She (to visit) a picture gallery in her childhood and (to know) what it (to be) like. She (to explain) to the girls that they (not to see) there any real pictures (movies) but paintings, only paintings.

2.Use the following in the Reported Speech and reproduce the jokes.

A.

- When do you intend to pay me back the money you have borrowed, sir?

- Oh, presently, dear uncle! I will do it directly I get the money from the publishing house.

- When will you get it, I would like to know?

- I will certainly get it as soon as the publisher accepts my novel.

- Do you think he will accept your novel, young man?

- No doubt he will when I finish it.

- Are you going to finish it soon, my boy?

- Of course I am. I will begin to write it the moment I have found a suitable subject and the necessary inspiration.

B.

The Bidwells are giving a party. Mrs. Bidwell wants to introduce Mr. Irving, a young film producer, to her friend, an exceptionally nice-looking young girl.

Mrs. Bidwell: May I introduce Mr. Irving to you, Nelly?

Mr. Irving: How do you do. Glad to meet you.

Nelly: How do you do.

Mrs. Bidwell: Mr. Irving has just come back from Vienna film festival. He will tell you a lot about it.

Nelly: So, you have been to Vienna. You saw there the most beautiful women in the world, I am sure.

Mr. Irving: I thought so yesterday, but I have just changed my mind.

3.Use the verbs in the following sentences in the Passive Voice.

1.The English people always eat Christmas pudding on Christmas Day. 2.On holiday eves people usually remember their friends and relatives and send cards to them. 3.“Mr. Harris is going to sing a comic song now,” said the hostess. 4.They first played table tennis about in 1880. 5.At the beginning of the nineteenth century people considered the creation of more universities to be either necessary or desirable. 6.Shakespeare in his works made full use of the great resources of the English literature. 7.Shakespeare’s poetry has long delighted and will delight lovers of literature of the whole world. 8.People still know and sing some of the songs composed by Henry VIII.

4.Use the correct tense and voice forms of the verbs given in brackets.

1.Many famous pictures (to leave) to our galleries at various times. 2.She (to tell) me what she (to see) at the village fair that afternoon. 3.The National Gallery in London (to erect) between 1832 and 1838. 4.The custom of giving postmen Christmas boxes (to die) now but (not to disappear). 5.The size of the collection of the museum (to increase) recently by generous gifts. 6.While Tom (to ride) the horse, his hat ( to blow off). 7.They never (to hear) such strange and beautiful language and very (to astonish). 8.The doctor (to say) she (to be) still very weak, because she (to lose) much blood, but he (to hope) that she (to be) well in a few days. 9. “ I (to sit) at the window and (to tell) you what (to happen) outside?” asked Michael. 10.Christmas Day (to celebrate) at the hotel with suitable ceremonies, but it (to look upon) as no more than a rehearsal for New Year.

5.Underline the correct verb form.

1.If I (see/ will see) Mike I (will tell/tell) him everything.

2.If she (changed/would change) her job she (earned/would earn) more.

3.If Jane (had studied/studied) more she (passed/would have passed) her exams.

4.If Mike (receives/has received) the telegram I am sure he (phones/will phone) you tomorrow.

5.If you (worked/had worked) more, you (were/would be) a student now.

6.If I (lived/would live) in Spain I (did/would do) a lot of sunbathing.

7.If I (met/had met) you earlier I (didn’t marry/wouldn’t have married) Betty.

8.If you (phone/will phone) me I (pick/will pick) you up.

9.If I (stay/will stay) late I always (get/will get) a taxi home.

10.If she (loved/had loved) him she (stayed/would have stayed) with Bob.

6.Change the sentences using I wish.

1.She couldn’t be there. ___________________

2.I did not wash up yesterday. ___________________

3.He doesn’t have enough time to study. ___________________

4.They didn’t come to the party. ___________________

5.You didn’t go to Disneyland when you were in Paris. _________________

6.You spent much money shopping yesterday.___________________

7.Lucy cannot speak Spanish. ____________________

8.Bert couldn’t visit Bess on Tuesday. ____________________

9.You missed the bus. ____________________

10.Jane doesn’t like Peter. ____________________

TOPIC

Topical Vocabulary

2.Read and translate the text paying attention to the active words and word combinations. AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE Due to favourable climatic conditions Ukraine is traditionally an agricultural area. It grows wheat, maize, buckwheat…

Додаток

ТАБЛИЦЯ НЕПРАВИЛЬНИХ ДІЄСЛІВ

      ТЕКСТИ ДЛЯ ЧИТАННЯ ЗА ФАХОМ Text 1.Classes of Animals 1.Read and translate the text using a dictionary.

Text 3 Variety of Mammals

The living members of the class mammalia are today divided into three main sub-classes, according to differences in their anatomy and the manner in… But these three main divisions are just the beginning. Living mammals are… Vocabulary:

To trace простежити

forerunnerпопередник divergentщо розходиться, відхиляється to breedрозводити

To hunt полювати

warfareвійна chariotколісниця to tillорати (землю)

СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ

2. Верба Г.В., Верба Л.Г. Довідник з граматики англійської мови. – К.: Рад. шк., 1983. 3. Выборова Т., Махмурян К. Сборник упражнений по английской грамматике. –… 4. Гужва Т. Разговорные темы. В 2-х книгах. – К.: Тандем, 1997.

CONTENTS

Unit 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 12 Unit 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .… Unit 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . 37

БАЙДАК Людмила Іванівна

ДАЦКО Ольга Василівна

КАМІНСЬКА Наталія Миколаївна

КУРІННИЙ Олексій В’ячеславович

За редакцією к.філол.н., доцента КОБЖЕВА Олександра Миколайовича