PRESENT PERFECT

UNIT 13

PRESENT PERFECT

I. LISTENING AND READING   Listen to the text

Действий, которые совершились в прошлом, но результатом связаны с настоящим. Результат действия в прошлом может быть как материальным, так и в форме опыта и знаний.

а) маркеры времени отсутствуют:

 

Kim has bought a new mobile phone

Ким купила новый сотовый телефон.

 

Simon has traveled a lot.

Саймон много путешествовал.

б) имеются маркеры времени:

just [ʤʌst] (только что), already [ɔːl'redɪ] (уже), never (никогда), ever ['evə] (когда-либо), yet [jet] (ужe – в вопросительных предложениях; ещe – в отрицательных предложениях).

 

We have just eaten our breakfast.

Мы только что позавтракали.

 

Carol has already arrived.

Кэрол уже прилетела.

Have you fixed your bicycle yet?

Ты уже починил свой велосипед?

 

Tom has not answered my email yet.

Том еще не ответил на мое сообщение.

 

Have you ever visited a thermal reserve?

Ты когда-нибудь посещал термальный заповедник?

 

 

I have never been to Australia.

Я никогда не был в Австралии.

 

Действий, которые совершились в прошлом, но связаны с незаконченным периодом времени.

Маркерами незаконченного периода времени являются:

a) обстоятельства времени today, this week, this month, this semester.

 

Rob has had five cups of coffee today.

Роб выпил пять чашек кофе сегодня.

 

b) обстоятельства времени recently, lately, so far, before.

 

Alice Ashton has recently published a book about her travels.

Элис Эштон недавно опубликовала книгу о своих путешествиях.

c) обстоятельства времени in the last few days, in the past few years.

 

We have met a lot of interesting people in the last few days.

За последние несколько дней мы познакомились со многими интересными людьми.

 

Действий, которые начались в прошлом и все еще продолжаются (с глаголами, не употребляющимися в Continuous)

Маркерами являются: for (в течение) и since [sɪns] (с).

 

They have known Lucy for ten years.

Они знают Люси десять лет.

 

I have been here since early morning.

Я здесь с раннего утра.

 

Образование pRESENT PERFECT

Present Perfect образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to have (формы have и has) и причастия II

число / лицо	Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
1 л. ед. ч. 2 л. ед. ч. 3л. ед. ч. 1 л. мн. ч. 2 л. мн. ч. 3 л. мн. ч.	I have done   You have done   He has done She has done It has done We have   You have   They have done	I have not done   You have not done   He has not done She has not done It has not done We have not done   You have not done   They have not done	Have I done?   Have you done?   Has he done? Has she done? Has it done? Have we done?   Have you done?   Have they done?

СТРУКТУРА ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ В PRESENT PERFECT

Cтруктура повествовательного предложения

П

Ск

Доп

Об-во

I	have seen	him	today.

Структура отрицательного предложения

П

Ск

Доп

Об-во

всп.гл. not смысл. гл.

I

have not seen

him

today.

Структура вопросительного предложения

Общий вопрос

Всп. гл.	П	Ост/ч Ск	Доп	Об-во
Have	you	seen	him	today?

Make the sentences negative and interrogative.

1. Jack has lost his key 2. Mary has gone to Canada. 3. The Smiths have been to Italy. 4. Mr Trenton has been a car salesman since 1999. 5.They have done their shopping.6.I have always wanted to travel abroad. 7. The schoolchildren have planted ten trees today. 8. Jerry has just talked to his friend. 9. She has been to New York twice this year. 10.Ed Prior has won a lot of medals.11.Lucy has had a cold for two days. 12.We have traveled by boat today. 13.Liz has studied very much this semester. 14.Fred has been sick a lot in the past few years.

 

Структура Специального вопроса

 

Специальный вопрос

Вопр. сл.	Всп. гл.	П	Ост/ч Ск	Доп	Об-во
Whom	has	he	seen	–	today?

 

 

Вопрос к подлежащему

 

Вопр.сл.	Ск	Доп	Об-во
Who	has seen	him	today?

 

Put special questions to the italicized words.

 

EXERCISES

 

1. Match Column A with Column B.

 

Column A	Column В
1 Jerry hasn't typed	a visited Japan?
2 She has always	b talked to them
3 Have you ever	с the letter yet
4 We've already	d to New York twice this year
5 Tim has already been	e known them?
6 How long have you	f wanted to be a singer

 

Open the brackets to get the correct form of Present Perfect

1. Who has (to write) this article? 2. We have already (to learn) a lot of English words. 3. Who has (to teach) you to do it? 4. He has just (to do) something for us. 5. Have you (to find) the book? 6. We have already (to talk) about it. 7. He has just (to say) something about it. 8. She has (to tell) us a very interesting story. 9. Rob has (to tell) us nothing about it. 10. We have (to have) two lessons today. 11. She has not (to speak) yet. 12. They have (to ask) me several questions. 13. He has already (to learn) the rule. 14. Have you (to read) any stories by Jack London? 15. John has (to fix) his car. 16. They have just (to hear) tomorrow's weather forecast. 17. I have (to read) this interesting book lots of times.

 

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of Present Perfect

1. My cousin (not to find) a job yet. 2. They just (to give) Mr Smith a pay rise. 3. She (to knit) a sweater for her grandson. 4. Lizzy (to have) three pieces of cake this afternoon. 5. Johnny finally (to find) his keys. 6. How long you (to be) sick? 7. You (to see) any good movies recently? 8. Mike (to leave) for work yet? 9. They (to pay) their electric bill this month? 10. How long you (to know) each other? 11. The boy (to do) his homework. 12. I just (to have) dinner with my friends. 13. Jay never (to travel) abroad. 14. We always (to have) a dog and a cat. We love pets. 15. Larry never (to own) a sports car.

 

Change Present Continuous into Present Perfect and translate the sentences into Russian

5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of Present Perfect. 1.1 A: Have you ever given an interview? 2.B: No, I ...have never done... (never/do) that.

You are writing a letter to a friend and giving news about people you both know. Use the words given to make sentences and put the verb into the correct form.

Example: Phil / find a new job Phil has found a new job.....................................

 

Dear Chris,

Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you.

1. Fred / go / Brazil Fred.........................................................................................

2. Jack and Jill / decide / to get married ......................................................................

3. Suzanne / have / a baby ..........................................................................................

4. Liz / give up / smoking ...........................................................................................

5. George / pass / his driving test ................................................................................

 

 

Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

  Б. 1.Я посетила больше стран, чем могу сосчитать. 2. Я прошла Азию пешком с…  

BRIGHTON IN THE RAIN

I've only seen the Pyramids in picture books at home. I've never sailed across the sea or been inside a plane, I've always spent my holidays in Brighton in the rain.