Условные обозначения - раздел Иностранные языки, Практикум по фонетике английского языка Текст
Тонограмма
Последни...
Текст
Тонограмма
Последний ударный (ядерный тон)
､(LF)
Последний ударный (ядерный тон)
╮(LF)
Последний ударный (ядерный тон)
͵ (LR)
Последний ударный (ядерный тон)
◞ (LR)*
Первый ударный (начало шкалы)
↘ ⃗
Ударный слог
–
Остальные ударные слоги
ˈ
Безударный слог
•
Второстепенное ударение
ˌ
Полуударный слог
°
Пауза между синтагмами
∣
Пауза между синтагмами
∣
Пауза между предложениями
∥
Пауза между предложениями
∥
*если за низким нисходящим тоном следуют безударные слоги, то он обозначается символом
‘–’, а следующие за ним безударные символами ‘•’, постепенно повышаясь. Например:
Ex.2.11. Listen and read the sentences. Pay attention to the intonation:
1. How did you spend your ､holiday? (special question)
2. I went to A､merica. (statement)
3. Was it ex͵pensive? (general question)
4. ､Yes. ､Very. (statement)
Ex.2.12. Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the intonation of exclamation:
What a fast ､car! 3. What a marvelous ､photograph!
What a funny ､dancer! 4. What a fantastic gui､tar!
Ex.2.13. Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the intonation of command and request:
request
command
Have a ͵holiday, Mrs. Blogs.
Have a ､holiday, Mrs. Blogs.
Stop ͵washing, Mrs. Blogs.
Stop ､washing, Mrs. Blogs.
Don’t drop that ͵pot, Mrs. Blogs.
Don’t drop that ､pot, Mrs. Blogs.
Put it on the ͵box, Mrs. Blogs.
Put it on the ､box, Mrs. Blogs.
Фразовое ударение (Sentence Stress) – выделяет одни слова в предложении среди других. Наиболее обычным видом фразового ударения является синтаксическое ударение, при котором знаменательные слова, как правило, бывают ударны, а служебные безударны.
Ex.2.14. Listen and read the poem. Pay attention to sentence stress:
Shopping list
Some milk and eggs,
A tin of peas,
A snack for lunch:
Some fruit and cheese.
The loaf of bread,
A jar of jam,
Some juice to drink,
A piece of ham.
Some pears or grapes,
Some beans and rice,
A can of beer
As cold as ice!
Логическое ударение (Logical Stress) – другая разновидность фразового ударения, выделяет логический центр высказывания, подчеркивает элементы противопоставления в высказывании.
Ex.2.15. Listen and read. Pay attention to logical stress:
A: It’s very quiet.
B: Too quiet.
A: I don’t like it.
B: I don’t like it at all.
A: I think, something’s wrong.
B: Very wrong.
A: Let’s get out of here!
B: Let’s get out fast!
Ex.2.16. Listen and indicate the nuclear tone.
Sid: Shh! Joe: What?
Sid: Bear! Joe: Bear?
Sid: Bear! Joe: Where?
Sid: There! Joe: Far?
Sid: No! Joe: Near?
Sid: Yeah! Joe: Run?
Sid: Run!
Ex.2.17. Read the following phrases.
Pay attention to the intonation.
1. ､Yes. 6. ͵Is it?
2. ､Bill. 7. ⃗Is it ͵seven?
3. ､Kitty. 8. ⃗Is it ͵ten?
4. Miss ､Kitty. 9. ↘Is Mrs. 'Dixy ͵sixty?
5. ͵Ted? 10. ↘Is Mrs. ˈSmith sixty ͵six?
Ex.2.18. Read the following phrases – first with Low Fall,
При произнесении гласного /ǝ/ в начале или середине слов несколько приподнят весь язык целиком. Для английского /ǝ/ в этом положении характерна краткость и отсутствие четкости артикуляции. Недопустима замена английского нейтрального гласного русскими /а/ или /ы/
Ex.2.19. Read the words.
/ˈwʊmǝn/
/ˈmʌðǝ/
/ǝˈlǝʊn/
/ˈtiːtʃǝ/
/ˈletǝ/
/ˈpɪktʃǝ/
/ǝˈbʌv/
/ˈkænǝdǝ/
/ˈsǝʊfǝ/
/ǝˈraʊnd/
Ex.2.20. Listen and read.
/ǝ/
away
banana
woman
sugar
paper
under
police
doctor
correct
support
figure
colour
Ex.2.21. Listen and repeat.
1) from Canada to China 4) The photographer’s assistant
2) The parrot was asleep 5) A question and an answer
3) The cinema was open 6) A woman and her husband
Ex.2.22. Listen and circle the word you hear.
1. What time did the woman / women arrive?
2. Where’s Kate’s dress / address?
3. The team manager’s / manages well.
4. The German teacher’s / teaches English.
5. The weight’s / waiter’s heavy.
6. The woman dancer’s / dances fast.
7. The officer’s / office’s here.
8. Take that away / way.
9. What a nice driver / drive.
10. The racer’s / races finished.
Ex.2.23. Listen and underline neutral sound. Transcribe the words in bold.
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ... ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ГОРОДА МОСКВЫ... МОСКОВСКИЙ ГУМАНИТАРНЫЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ...
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Для студентов, обучающихся по направлениям
050100.62 Педагогическое образование (Английский язык)
050300.62 Филологическое образование (Иностранный язык и русский язык как иностранный)
Introduction
· Фонема (phoneme)
· Буквы и звуки английского языка (letters and sounds)
· Транскрипция (transcription)
·
Органы речи и их работа
(Organs of speech)
В верхней части дыхательного горла (гортани) расположены две мускульные эластичные подвижные складки – голосовые связки (Vocal Cords), пространство межд
Гласные и согласные
Если выдыхаемая струя воздуха не встречает на своем пути шумообразующей преграды, произносятся звуки, называемые гласными (vowels). В отличие от гласных
B) A letter
A letter came
in the post
from the coast
- the one that I wanted the most.
It said, “D
Lesson Five
· Consonants: /f/, /v/, /w/, /j/,
· Vowels: /ʌ/, /ɑː/
· Loss of plosion
November the first The traveller
November the first “A visitor? Having fun? A fine day for travelling,” he said
Five leaves left “A café? A phone? Here? I’m afraid not,” he laughed
One leaf falls “You’ll f
FOUR TYPES OF SYLLABLES
I – open syllable II – closed syllable III – before “r” IV – before “re”
a
o
u
e
i/y
A turn re long ing er sleep
first syllable is stressed second syllable is stressed
____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________
____________________ __________
Geographical names
(Adjectives are often pronounced in a very similar way to the noun; they are not shown separately in the list. For example: Austria-Austrian. Some adjectives are pronounced differently; these
Lesson Ten
· Linking /w/, Linking /j/
· Intonation: Well, Exclamations, Preposition after the nucleus
Asking the way Hats
Yes. I’ll do one for you.
Go outside of the building. I’ll give you one too
Go along the street. a nice one
Go over the bridge. a new one
Go across the street. a
Solomon Grundy Thirty days
Solomon Grundy, Thirty days have September,
Born on Monday, April, June and November,
C
Lesson Eleven
· Strong and weak forms
· Intonation: Complex sentences
· Text: Dialogue
· Poem: Roadways
Appendix 2A more tongue twisters
/æ/
1. That’s the man who sat on my hat in the tram.
2. Once there lived a lad who was always very sad.
For he hadn’t any mother and he hadn’t any
DAYS AND MONTHS. ASKING THE TIME.
“Do you know the days of the week?”
“Yes, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.”
“Now, let’s assume that today is Wednesday. What day will tomorrow be?”
OUR SITTING ROOM
Let’s have a look at this picture of our sitting room. As you come into the room you notice a piano with a low music-stool in front of it. Next to the piano is a tall bookcase standing against the
BALZAC AS A HANDWRITING EXPERT
Balzac, the famous French writer was a man of great talent. But he himself was proud of his ability to tell a person’s character by his or her handwriting. He often told his friends that he could t
THE SMOKING CHIMNEY
One afternoon Professor N. was walking along a country road when he saw a farmer eating his supper alone in the road before his house. The professor approached the farmer and asked him:
“W
MARK TWAIN IN FRANCE
Mark Twain, the famous American writer, was travelling in France. Once he was going by train to Dijon. That afternoon he was very tired and wanted to sleep. He therefore asked the conductor to wake
PLANNING A HOLIDAY
“I say, what are you and your sister going to do for your holiday this year?”
“Well, I don’t know. I should like to take my sister for a tour to the Baltic Sea, but then she can’t very wel
THE BELL-BOY
A traveller was standing at the desk in the lobby of a Washington hotel. He was in a hurry. He had only 10 minutes to pay his bill and reach the station. Suddenly he remembered that he had forgotte
Text 23
An English tourist found himself in Norway with only enough money in his pocket to pay his passage back. As he knew that it would take him only two days to get to England, he decided that he could
Dialogues
(Listen, complete, indicate the intonation patterns, mark and transcribe all the words with the target sound, learn the dialogue by heart, recite)
/i
An interesting film
Bill: ________________________________?
Lyn: _______________________________?
Mrs. Smith: __________________________.
Bill: ________________________________
Tim:
Eɪ/ At the railway station
Mr. Grey: ____________________________ ___________________________________.
Porter: _____________________________?
Mr. Grey: ___________________________.
Porter: ________
Eɪ/ At the railway station
Mr. Grey: ____________________________ ___________________________________.
Porter: _____________________________?
Mr. Grey: ___________________________.
Porter: ________
L/ A spoilt little boy in a bicycle shop
Paul: _______________________________!
Uncle Bill: ___________________________!
Salesman: __________________________ ______________________________________________________________
*если за низким нисходящим тоном следуют безударные слоги, то он обозначается символом
Listen and read the sentences. Pay attention to the intonation:
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the intonation of exclamation:
Listen and read the poem. Pay attention to sentence stress:
Ex.2.15. 
Sid: Shh! Joe: What?
Pay attention to the intonation.
(SCHWA /ʃwɑː/)
Новости и инфо для студентов