The lexico-grammatical expression of modality through modal verbs.
The lexico-grammatical expression of modality through modal verbs. - раздел Философия, The theoretical and methodological aspects of translation This Kind Of Modality Is Realized In Both 1Anguages Via Modal Verbs Plus The ...
This kind of modality is realized in both 1anguages via modal verbs plus the infinitive of the notional verb, performing the function of compound modal verbal predicate.
1.1. Can / could.
Can / could expressing physical or mental ability is translated with the help of могти, вміти, мати змогу, можливість.
Не could hardly take his eyes off her - Нe міг очей відірвати від неї.
When expressing doubt, uncertainty - невже, хіба, навряд (mainly in interrogative and negative sentences) Can’t you believe me ? - Невже ви мені не вірите?
When expressing reproach, surprise, permission - можна. How can one promise that? - Як можна таке обіцяти?
In some environment can may be rendered in Ukrainian -through other modal verbs: How can you talk to me like that - Як ти смієш зі мною так розмовляти
Can / could followed by the perfect infinitive may be translated: through the past form of verb or through its subjunctive mood form. She can’t have neglected all that. - Невже вона всім цим знехтувала? Вона не могла всім цим знехтувати
N.B. Some modal meanings of can have no equivalents in Ukrainian I can hear you well. Я добре чую тебе. Can you see me? Ти бачиш мене?
1.2. May / might – to be permitted / to be allowed
expressing permission - можна. May I go? Можна йти?
expressing permission - дозволяти, не заперечувати
expressing possibility, assumption, uncertainty, advice - мати. І may remind him of a time he prefers to forget. Я матиму змогу пригадати йому той час, про який він воліє не згадувати.
When expressing wish - хай, щоб, initiating the sentences. May they live a long life - Хай їм щастить!
May / might followed by a perfect infinitive of actions which might not have been carried out. She may have forgotten... - Вона, мабуть, забула. Вона , певне, забула. Можливо, вона забула. Цілком імовірно, що вона забула. А ,може, вона забула...
Verb may is often used in the 1anguage of documents to express polite but severe warning: A member of the UNO... may be expelled from the organization. Держава - член ООН може бути виключена.
Interrelation with other disciplines... Many aspects of translation have been covered by other disciplines such as... Stages of translation process understanding...
Translation as a notion and subject. Interpretation.
Translation as a term and notion is of polysemantic nature. The first common and most general meaning is associated with the action or process of rendering the cont
Stages of translation process.
Psychologically viewed translation process includes two mental processes:
-understanding (1);
-verbalization (2).
4.1. The translator understands the content of ST, first
Types of translation.
The types of translation can be singled out depending on the predominate communicative function, the form of speech involved in translation process. So we can distinguish between literary a
Pragmatic adaptation.
The communicants involved in interlingual communication not only speak different languages but also have different general knowledge, social and historical background and belong to different cultur
Linguistic and extralinguistic aspects.
Translation is a complicated phenomenon involving linguistic, psychological, cultural, literary and other factors. The most of the research of up-to-date translation has been made within linguistic
Context.
When confronted with the text to be translated, the translator’s first concern is to understand it by assessing the meaning of language units in the text against the contextual situation and the ex
Translation and interpretation during the Middle Ages.
The MiddleAges(500 AD – 1450 AD)are characterized by a general lack of progress. Translations and interpretations are known to have been performed in the domains o
Translation during the Renaissance period.
The Renaissance period which began in the 14th century in Italy was marked by great discoveries and inventions, the most significant of which was the invention of the moving printing pre
Identification of international lexicon units.
Internationalisms are such language units which are borrowed from one and the same source language (SL) by at least three genealogically different 1anguges in the same or similar l
Literature used and recommended
1. Баранцев К.Т. Англо-український фразеологічний словник. - К. Радянська школа, 1996. - 1052 с.
2. Зорівчак Р.П. Фразеологічна одиниця як перекладознавча
Literature used and recommended
1. Баранцев К.Т. Англо – український фразеологічний словник. – К.: Радянська школа, 1996. – 1052 с.
2. Зорівчак Р.П. Фоазеологічна одиниця як перекладознавча категорія. – Львів: Вища школа
Transformation of some idioms in the process of translating.
Many phraseological expressions singled out by V. Vinogradov as unities may reflect national features of the SL (reference to traditions, customs, events, geographical position). Being nationally d
То be (to)
to be to is the synonymous to have to and is realized depending on the form and lexical meaning of the infinitive following it. Mostly -мати, even повинен, мусити. According to the agreement rent w
Grammatical modality and mean of expressing it.
Grammatical (syntactic) modality is of common nature in English and Ukrainian as well. It expresses actions viewed upon as real, unreal, optative, hypothetic, conditional, interrogative, incentive.
Transformations in the process of translation.
1. The kind of major and minor alteration in the structural form of language units performed with the aim of achieving faithfulness in translation are referred to as transl
Grammatical transformation.
Faithfulness of transformation depends on the functional and never on the formal approach to the choice of corresponding linguistic means. E.g.
I wanted to have done it myself. -Я хотів це
Lexical transformations.
The term was used by Retsker. Sometimes to achieve adequacy the translator must considerably change words and phrases of the original and instead of formal correspondences use functional correspond
Lexico-grammatical transformations.
Antonymic transformation is defined as rendering SL unit with the help of opposite words and constructions. It is employed for achieving faithfulness in conveying the content or ex
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