То be (to) - раздел Философия, The theoretical and methodological aspects of translation To Be To Is The Synonymous To Have To And Is Realized Depending On The Form A...
to be to is the synonymous to have to and is realized depending on the form and lexical meaning of the infinitive following it. Mostly -мати, even повинен, мусити. According to the agreement rent was to be paid in advance. - Згідно угоди, кварт платня повинна була сплачуватися наперед.
When expressing inevitability of some action or event - мати. If the thing was to happen it was to happen in this way. - Якщо вже це мало скоїтись, то воно мало скоїтись саме так, а не інакше.
То be (to) may express треба. It was to be expected happen in this way. - Цього і треба було чекати.
When expressing possibility, to be (to) is translated as можна, мати, можливо: There is a good training to be had there. - Там можна пройти гарну практику / вишкіл.
То be (to) may be translated by the strictly logical position of the parts of the sentence or peculiar logical sentence structure.
1.6. Ought tolike the modal verb should expresses:
a) moral obligation, presupposition, desirability, advisability. They are close to треба or слід, потрібно. Oh, I've forgotten, I ought to have asked her about that - О, а я й забув: я ж мав (повинен був) запитати її про те.
in the context of the assumptive duty or obligation, necessity ought to is expressed through the particles б, би, щоб: You ought to be working now- Ти ж мав би бути на роботі зараз.
the conditional subjunctive meaning through якби, якщо. You ought to have seen her - Бачили б ви... Треба було бачити...
ought to expressing desire or affirmation - певне, напевне, мабуть. She ought to have been thinking about spending her money. - Вона, мабуть, подумує вже про те, як потратити свої гроші.
Interrelation with other disciplines... Many aspects of translation have been covered by other disciplines such as... Stages of translation process understanding...
Если Вам нужно дополнительный материал на эту тему, или Вы не нашли то, что искали, рекомендуем воспользоваться поиском по нашей базе работ:
То be (to)
Что будем делать с полученным материалом:
Если этот материал оказался полезным ля Вас, Вы можете сохранить его на свою страничку в социальных сетях:
Translation as a notion and subject. Interpretation.
Translation as a term and notion is of polysemantic nature. The first common and most general meaning is associated with the action or process of rendering the cont
Stages of translation process.
Psychologically viewed translation process includes two mental processes:
-understanding (1);
-verbalization (2).
4.1. The translator understands the content of ST, first
Types of translation.
The types of translation can be singled out depending on the predominate communicative function, the form of speech involved in translation process. So we can distinguish between literary a
Pragmatic adaptation.
The communicants involved in interlingual communication not only speak different languages but also have different general knowledge, social and historical background and belong to different cultur
Linguistic and extralinguistic aspects.
Translation is a complicated phenomenon involving linguistic, psychological, cultural, literary and other factors. The most of the research of up-to-date translation has been made within linguistic
Context.
When confronted with the text to be translated, the translator’s first concern is to understand it by assessing the meaning of language units in the text against the contextual situation and the ex
Translation and interpretation during the Middle Ages.
The MiddleAges(500 AD – 1450 AD)are characterized by a general lack of progress. Translations and interpretations are known to have been performed in the domains o
Translation during the Renaissance period.
The Renaissance period which began in the 14th century in Italy was marked by great discoveries and inventions, the most significant of which was the invention of the moving printing pre
Identification of international lexicon units.
Internationalisms are such language units which are borrowed from one and the same source language (SL) by at least three genealogically different 1anguges in the same or similar l
Literature used and recommended
1. Баранцев К.Т. Англо-український фразеологічний словник. - К. Радянська школа, 1996. - 1052 с.
2. Зорівчак Р.П. Фразеологічна одиниця як перекладознавча
Literature used and recommended
1. Баранцев К.Т. Англо – український фразеологічний словник. – К.: Радянська школа, 1996. – 1052 с.
2. Зорівчак Р.П. Фоазеологічна одиниця як перекладознавча категорія. – Львів: Вища школа
Transformation of some idioms in the process of translating.
Many phraseological expressions singled out by V. Vinogradov as unities may reflect national features of the SL (reference to traditions, customs, events, geographical position). Being nationally d
Grammatical modality and mean of expressing it.
Grammatical (syntactic) modality is of common nature in English and Ukrainian as well. It expresses actions viewed upon as real, unreal, optative, hypothetic, conditional, interrogative, incentive.
Transformations in the process of translation.
1. The kind of major and minor alteration in the structural form of language units performed with the aim of achieving faithfulness in translation are referred to as transl
Grammatical transformation.
Faithfulness of transformation depends on the functional and never on the formal approach to the choice of corresponding linguistic means. E.g.
I wanted to have done it myself. -Я хотів це
Lexical transformations.
The term was used by Retsker. Sometimes to achieve adequacy the translator must considerably change words and phrases of the original and instead of formal correspondences use functional correspond
Lexico-grammatical transformations.
Antonymic transformation is defined as rendering SL unit with the help of opposite words and constructions. It is employed for achieving faithfulness in conveying the content or ex
Новости и инфо для студентов