OXFORD Engineering Lindsay White What is engineering? :

OXFORD

Engineering

Lindsay White

What is engineering? :  

Before you start

1 Work with a partner. In your own language, think
of four words to describe engineering. Compare
your words with another pair and agree on four
words. How do you say these words in English?
Write down four English words to describe
engineering.

Reading

2 Read the headings of the paragraphs (1-4) below.
Underline any new words and look them up in
the glossary or your dictionary. What do you
think each paragraph will be about?

Read the paragraphs (1-4) below and check.

I Engineering is everywhere

Almost everything we use in modern life is made by engineers. For example, if [j ^^J^ESSHwants a faster car, a smaller personal stereo, or a better pen, they will ask a design engineer to find a practical |

Read the four paragraphs again and decide if the sentences (1-4) below, are true (T) or false(F).

1Lots of things are made by engineers. T/F

2 Engineering isn't practical. T/F

3 Engineers must think carefully. . T/F

4 Only engineers can solve problems. T/F

Vocabulary

 

2 Engineering is both theoretical and practical

Engineers use theory (ideas about engineering) to produce practical answers. The design solution must be a reasonable price, safe, and reliable. A new idea that is expensive, dangerous, or doesn't always work is not a good solution.

Engineers use a method

Generally, engineers solve problems in a ES2SE2EI ^waY- Engineers:

1 j^iSi ^tneproblem,

2 SJ32^a solution,

3 test the solution,

If the solution isn't right, the process is repeated. When a good solution is found, the next step is to: 5 communicate the solution.

Anyone can use engineering ideas

This method of problem-solving is useful in

^^JJ3 life. For example, you can use the five steps next time you prepare for a test.

1 Define the problem: I want to pass my test
next week.

2 Design a solution: I will study for three hours
a day.

3 Test the solution: Study for three hours a day
and take the test.

4 Evaluate the solution: Have I passed the test
with a good mark? Yes = a good solution.
No = a bad solution, so think of a better one.

5 Communicate the solution: Tell your friends
about your test-passing technique.

5Match the liTt-SflHSiVEfnwords from the text with
the meanings (1-7) below.

1plan 5 careful

2 say exactly 6 assess the success of

3 a business 7 normal

4 answer

Writing and Speaking

7 Work with a partner. Choose one of the problems below or your own problem. Solve it using the five steps. Make notes.   • You want to go away for a weekend with your friends but your parents want you to study.

Vocabulary

 

What sort of person are you? First, answer the questions below. Then compare your answers with the rest of the class. Do you all like the same things?

In your spare time, do you prefer:

• being alone or with other people?

• being inside or outside?

• being busy or relaxing?

• playing sport or watching television?

• wearing smart or casual clothes?

Look at the types of engineers (1-5) below. First, underline any new words and check the meaning in the glossary or your dictionary. Then write whether the jobs are indoor or outdoor, and dirty or clean.

1 petroleum

 

Reading

2 sanitation

 

Read the text A job in Engineering. Put the main ideas (A-D) in the same order as they are in the text.

AYou need to think carefully about your personality. B There are lots of different jobs in engineering. C Think carefully about what you are interested in. D Engineering is a big subject.

3 textile

4 computer

 

A job in Engineering

  §Q There are lots of different types of engineering. The one thing they have… • civil engineering (buildings, roads, etc.)

Read the text again. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences (1-4) below.

1Engineering is/isn't a small area.

2 Engineering is/isn't about Science and Maths.

3 Office buildings and bridges are/aren't examples of civil engineering.

4 Tool- and machine-making are/aren't examples of electrical
engineering.

Writing and Speaking

For example: Mining engineer • Do you like working indoors or outdoors? • Do you mind getting dirty?

The starting point

T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F

Before you start

1 First, answer these questions about your studies.
Then discuss your ideas with the rest of the class.

• Which subjects do you study? Are there any
subjects you would like to drop?

• Is your course practical? Do you like this way of
working?

• How are you assessed? Do you think this is fair?

Reading

2 Read the text quickly and choose the correct
answers to questions 1-3 below.

1Where is the text from?

aa textbook ba leaflet

2 Who is the information for?

anew students bteachers and parents

3 What is the text about?

aone course blots of courses

Who is the First Diploma for?

Read the text again and decide if the sentences (1-6) below are true (T) or false (F).

2 Students learn general things about engineering. 3 The course isn't practical. 4 Students take one big exam at the end of the year.

Complete the definitions (1-6) below with the I words in the text.

means to know a lot about one

1To____

part of a subject.

2 ________ means all your work on the course

is part of the final mark.

3 ________ are the most important things to

learn.

4 A_____

. teaches you general things about

a subject. 5 An_____

is someone who works with an

experienced person to learn the job.
6 You get________ when you pass exams.

Writing

1Who is the course for? 2 What qualifications do I need? 3 What will I learn on the course?

Reading

Read the text quickly and choose the correct answers to questions 1-3 below.

aEngineering courses at Coalport Technical College bAll courses at Coalport Technical College 2 What does the leaflet describe?

ENGINEERING COURSES

at Coalport Technical College, Blackstock

All courses are taught at Coalport Technical College, Blackstock and can be studied full-time or part-time. The minimum qualification for a place on a Level 2 course is four GCSEs or a Level 1 Certificate.

LEVEL 1 Certificate in Engineering

This course teaches basic, key skills. It is suitable forstudents who left school early or have no qualifications. Selection will be based on the

LEVEL 2 Certificate in Electrical and Electronic Engineering

This course raT3»Eraifistudents for jobs in radio and electronic F

communications

LEVEL 2 Certificate in Fabrication

This course prepares students for jobs in | sheetmetal work, and general engineering.

LEVEL 2 Certificate in Mechanical Engineering

This course prepares students for a wide range of jobs including machining, [jJJJ23tool-making, CAD and CAM.

?*-................................................................................................

For more information please visit our website or return this form to the departmental secretary.

Address Telephone/e-mail Date of birth___ Please send me details of:

Speaking and Writing

5 Ask your partner the questions on the form at the
end of the leaflet.

Complete the form for your partner.

Use the Internet to find college information or contact a college in your area and ask for leaflets about their courses. Is the information helpful?… Engineering 5 What is it made from?

Reading

Put each heading into the correct column (A, B, or C), in the table below.

Uses ■ Properties ■ Material

3 Read the information in the table and find out which material (1-10) is best for:

awater pipes da bicycle frame

ba knife for cutting a microscope lens etelevision casing

cconnecting a socket to the electricity supply

Vocabulary

Matcb the properties from the table (1-6) with their opposites (a-f). Use the glossary or your dictionary to help you.

2 clear 3 easy to shape 4 hard

Speaking

1Are any of the materials found or manufactured in your country? 2 Which materials can be recycled? 3 Does the manufacture or disposal cause environmental problems? Bend it…

Reading

2 Look at the title of the text, Smart materials. Do you think the materials are clever, fashionable, or formal? Read the text and check.

SMART

Materials

Shape memory materials are called 'smart' because they ^^J to changes in their j, for example: environment • plastics that return to their liWIuiiMIshape when the temperature changes. One use is in surgery where plastic…

Read the text again and choose the correct answers for questions 1-4 below.

1Smart materials change when
athe weather changes.

bsomething affects them. cthe light is switched on.

2 Plastic threads are used for
asewing.

bstitching. cknitting.

3 Medical implants made from shape memory
alloys are good because

athey save lives.

bthey change colour.

cthey are easy to put in.

4 Climbing ropes with liquid crystals change
colour to

awarn you.

bamuse you.

cmake you heavy.

Vocabulary

highlighted

Complete the definitions (1-8) below with the I words in the text.

1An

. is something medical put inside

the body, e.g. a heart valve. 2 You need a good_______

to think of new

and interesting ideas. 3 The________ is the first or earliest. 4 _____

are materials made from mixing

two metals. 5 To_______ 6 To_______

. means to become bigger.

else happens. 7 The_______

. is to change because something

or thing. 8 To be

. is everything around a person means to be made smaller.

Speaking

5 Work with a partner. Choose one of the smart materials in the text. Think of five interesting ways it could be used. Compare your ideas with other students. How many original ideas are there in your class?

Get real

Think of examples from nature that are like smart materials, for example, things that can change shape or colour, or repair themselves.

Engineering

A picture is worth a thousand words

Before you start

1 What does the title of this unit mean? Is there a
similar expression in your language?

2 Think of situations in engineering where a
picture is more useful than words. Discuss your
ideas with the rest of the class.

Reading

• An image on paper, for example a diagram or photograph, is two dimensional (2D). • A model or statue is three dimensional (3D). 4 First, look at the pictures. What do you think this text will be about? Then read the text and check.

Speaking

8 Work with a partner. Decide which is the biggest
benefit of using a computer for technical
drawing. Can you add other benefits to the list?
Compare your ideas with the rest of the class.

Vocabulary

highlighted

Complete the definitions (1-8) below with the I words in the text.

shape and size. 2 means made by a person. 3 means to use something again.

Reading

2 Read the text and decide if
the sentences (1-6) below are
true (T) or false (F).

The speaker...

T/F

T/F

T/F

T/F

1 ...is a teacher.

2 ... is talking about a
factory system.

3 .. .is talking about jobs
in the factory.

4 ...is talking to other
engineers.

5 ...is talking to students. T/F

6 .. .is a worker in the
factory. T/F

Read the text again and match the paragraphs (1-5) with the topics (A-E) below.

A Background information B Rules for the factory visit C Benefits of the system D Welcome

E Basic information about their system

Read the text again and write short answers to these questions.

1Are CAM and CNC the
same?

2 Is manufacturing the
second stage in their
process?

3 Can CNC operate other
machines?

4 Does the speaker like the
system?

5 When will he/she answer
the students' questions?

In your own language, write down the three advantages of the system mentioned in the text. Can you add any more ideas?

A factory tour

2 The purpose of today's visit is to show you our new CAM - or CNC - system. As I expect you all know, CAM means Computer Assisted Manufacturing and… 3 Our CNC system takes the information from the CAD, Computer Assisted Design,… 4 Before we start our tour of the factory, I'll tell you what I think the main advantages of CNC are: human error is…

Speaking and Writing

7 You are going to take a group of English visitors around your school. Prepare what you will say to them. Write notes, practise what you will say,… Engineering 9 The car's a star …  

Reading

2 Read 'The Mini Story'. Which
three paragraphs are from the
same newspaper article and
which one is from a fashion
magazine?

3 Put the three paragraphs
from the newspaper article in
the correct order.

Vocabulary

The first Mini was first made in 1959 and since then over five million people have owned one. BMW, a German car manufacturer, now owns the Mini and…                         …

Writing and Speaking

In your own language, add to this list of the things people consider when they choose a car. Then find the English words.

comfort ■ image ■ fuel consumption

Work with a partner and choose a suitable car for these people. Tell the class what sort of car you have chosen and why.

• a family • a film star

• a young, single person • a business person

For example:

A Seat Ibiza is a good car for a young, single person because it's small,

cheap to buy, and has good fuel consumption.

Get real

Fir

Find out what connects the Mini and the 1969 film, The Italian Job.

10 Engineering

YjjQjJ Made by hand

Before you start

What are the advantages and disadvantages of each option below? Discuss your ideas with the rest of the class.

• studying in a small/big school

• living in a village /city

• working in a family business/an international
company

• shopping in a local shop/a large supermarket

Reading

First, look at the words in the box. Check the meaning of any new words in the glossary or your dictionary. Then complete the text 'A handmade car' by putting one word in each space. Use the words in the box.

craftsmen ■ highly-skilled ■ skills ■ traditional ■ unique

T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F

Read the text again and decide if the sentences (1-5) below are true(T) or false (F).

1The Morgan is made by machines.

2 Old and new ideas are used to make
Morgans.

3 Morgan cars aren't made on an
assembly line.

4 Morgan engines are old-fashioned.

5 You can walk into the Morgan factory,
buy a car and drive it home.

Vocabulary

Read the texts about the Morgan and the Mini (in Unit 9) again. Put the words in the box into the table below. Some words may fit in more than one column.

boring ■ classic ■ difficult ■ easy ■ fashionable interesting ■ modern ■ organized ■ peaceful ■ requires expertise ■ requires patience ■ requires skill ■ requires you to work quickly ■ traditional

 

handmade

■ he Morgan is a BMBBBB car: it is madein Britain by a family-owned company and it is handmade.

Each Morgan is made individually. Modern materials and up-to-date manufacturing technology are combined with 100-year-old There are no assembly lines because each stage of the manufacturing is done

\ craftsmen. For example, the wooden frame is made in the same way as the first Morgan in 1909, upholsterers make the leather seats, and sheet metalworkers make the panels by hand.

In contrast to all these H I skills,

Morgan engineers make precision mechanical components using modern Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machinery so a Morgan driver has a state-of-the-art engine in a traditionally-made car.

It takes a long time to make a car by hand. The
Morgan factory produces about 500 cars a year.
Buyers put their name on a waiting list and then
wait for the factory to tell them that their car is
finished. The shortest wait is about two years -
and sometimes the wait is five years. Like proud
parents-to-be, people on the waiting list can visit
the factory to see their car being made and to talk
to the H I doing the work.

Speaking

The Mini The Morgan Jobs in the Mini factory

Before you start

1 Complete the statement below for you. Then
compare your answer with the rest of the class.
Which is the most popular way to learn?

When I learn to do something practical, I

prefer ...

a... to see someone demonstrating it.

b... someone to help me do it.

c... to follow a diagram.

d... to try and ask for help if things go wrong.

Vocabulary

2 Label the computer components on the diagram
below. Use the words in the box.

Reading

Read the instructions (1-6) below and match them with the diagram.

1Connect the keyboard cable to the back of the
computer, c

2 Connect the mouse cable to the back of the
computer.

3 Plug in the monitor cable; be careful not to
bend the pins.

4 Tighten the screws.

5 Connect the speakers to the back of the
computer.

6 Plug the computer, monitor, and speaker cables
(in that order) into the mains supply.

cable ■ computer ■ keyboard ■ monitor mouse ■ printer

Complete the sentences (1-5) below. Use the verbs in the box. There is one extra verb that you do no need to use.

connect ■ disconnect ■ loosen ■ plug in tighten ■ unplug

1 If you don't pay the bill, the electricity company
will________ the supply.

2 ________ the screws before you take the plug

out.

3 It's sensible to

. your computer if

there is a bad storm.

4 If you don't________ the TV, itwon't work!

5 ________ the video cable to the TV.

V*;-;

12 Engineering

5 Read the instructions below and match the spoken instructions (1-3) with the written instructions (a-c).

9 Complete the instructions for connecting a DVD recorder to a TV set. Use the words in the box.

aerial ■ cable ■ mains ■ plug ■ socket ■ TV

 

Put in some water and turn on the gas.

Jou press -that aid -the back opens.

V P"+ +he bulb iTi first.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONNECTING THE DVD TO THE TV

Remove the aerial cable (1) your TV set. Insert it into the ANTENNA socket at the back of the DVD…  

Writing

Plug a special scart cable into the scart (5)________ at the back of the DVD recorder and the corresponding scart socket at the back of the TV set. Switch on the TV set.

Get real

Find some instructions for an electrical appliance, for example a stereo system. How many of the components do you know in English?

Engineering 13

Safety first

 

Before you start

Where would you find the notices below? How do you say these things in your language?

aDon't lean out of the windows. bNow wash your hands. cBeware of the dog.

Look at the picture. What safety equipment is the operator wearing?

3 Look at the signs inside the back cover. Match
the meanings (1-4) with the shapes (a-d) and
colours (e-h).

Meaning

1you mustn't do this

2 you must do this

3 there is a danger

4 this material is dangerous

Shape

atriangle

bcircle with diagonal line

csquare

dcircle

Colour

eyellow and black fred and white gblue and white horange and black

4 What do the signs mean? Where would you find
them? Discuss your ideas with your class.

|<t Engineering

Reading

5 Read the instructions and warnings (1-11) below. First, underline any new words and check the meaning in the glossary or your dictionary. Then match the sentences with the signs (a-k) inside the back cover.

1Be careful.

2 Beware of industrial vehicles.

3 Don't smoke here.

4 Don't walk here.

5 Risk of death.

6 This material is corrosive.

7 This material is explosive.

8 This material is flammable.

9 Wear a hard hat.

 

10 Wear ear defenders.

11 Wear goggles to protect your eyes.

Vocabulary

6 Choose the best word to complete the sentences
(1-5) below.

1 Petrol and oil are flammable/vehicles.

2 Acid is flammable/corrosive.

3 TNT and dynamite are corrosive/explosive.

4Wear a hard hat/goggles when you work with
chemicals.

5 You must wear a hard hat/goggles on a building
site.

Writing and Speaking

7 Work in pairs. Choose one of the places in the
box, or another place. Write two rules, one thing
you must do and one thing you mustn't do.

computer room ■ engineering workshop school sports hall ■ your bedroom

For example,

In a school sports hall you mustn't wear outdoor

shoes and you must return equipment.

Design and draw a sign for each rule.

Get real Use the Internet, reference books, or leaflets to find out the answer to these… a) What are the standard European colours for health and safety signs?

Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)

It is difficult to QQ RSI but you can avoid it before it starts. To 0J] ^ RSI, workers at risk should: • take regular breaks from their work to stretch and move about • learn to sit and move correctly so they use their bodies naturally

Small is beautiful

Before you start,

1 How are these things carried from one place to another?
a electricity b radio signals c gas

Reading

2 Read the text quickly and choose the best title, A, B, or C.

A The history of cabling and telecommunications B A short introduction to optical fibres C Uses of glass in industry and technology

4 Which paragraphs describe advantages of optical fibres and which describe disadvantages'?

Vocabulary

                    … .. . I3S

Writing and Speaking

Get real Use the Internet, magazines, or newspapers to find out about another… 16 Engineering Big is best

Reading

aThe Hoover Dam bThe Arlberg Tunnel cThe Channel Tunnel dThe Golden Gate Bridge 3 Read the text again and answer the questions (1-9) below. 1Where is it?

Vocabulary

Complete the texts by putting one word in each space. Use the words in the box. Check the meaning of any new words in the glossary or your dictionary.

across ■ around ■between aover ■through ■ under

the Atlantic

The Panama Canalis a 64km waterway (1)___

and Pacific Oceans. Before the canal was opened, ships had to travel

thousands of miles (2)________ South America. To build the canal,

engineers had to dam a major river, and dig a channel (3)_______

a mountain ridge.

Tower Bridgeis an openable bascule bridge, designed by Horace

Jones in 1886. It goes (4)_______ the River Thames in London.

Thousands of vehicles drive (5)_______ it every day. Tall ships

cannot pass (6)________ Tower Bridge, instead, the roadway parts

and lifts to let them through.

Writing and Speaking

For example How old is it? Where is it? 7 Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions you wrote in Exercise 6.

Reading

1Trevor Baylis is aa doctor ba TV presenter can inventor 2 The text is about aradios

Vocabulary

Highlighted

Complete the definitions (1-5) below with the

The text. Use the glossary or your dictionary to help you.

1_________ means good for the health of people and the world.

2 ________ is power produced by a wound up spring.

3 Something that often doesn't work is________ .

4 A________ converts mechanical power to electrical energy.

5 Power from the sun is________ .

Writing

Write a paragraph about another invention. You can use your own idea or these notes about the personal stereo:

• first personal stereo: Sony Walkman

• invented: 1979

• invented by: Sony employees in lapan

Start your paragraph like this:

Before 1979 the only way to listen to music outside was ...

I

Get real

18 Engineering or master? Engineering 19 ^J^^J^ Servant Before you start

Reading

Read the text quickly and choose the correct answers to the questions below.

bone topic? 2 Which is the best title? aImaginary robots in film and fiction bRobots: the fantasy and the facts

Read the text again and put the sentences and

Phrases (a-g) below in the correct places (1-7).

ain factories, laboratories, or warehouses

bIn this play machines behave like people

clike an arm

dcan 'see' the environment and

elike handling nuclear or radioactive materials

fThe reality is less exciting.

gunderstand the messages from the sensors and

What is the connection between human senses and robots?

Vocabulary

7 Find words in the text that mean:

1always done in the same way

2 respond to a change

3 a piece of equipment designed to do a
particular job

4 part of a machine that can sense heat, light, etc.

Writing and Speaking

For example What the robot is for It is to pick up the socks in my bedroom. How… The sensor smells ..., the

Gadgets

Before you start

1 Look at the pictures (1-4). What do you think the things are? Discuss your ideas with the rest of the class.

 

 

 

Reading

2 Read the descriptions (A-D) and match them with the pictures (1-4).

©LETTER OPENER CLOCK

O RADIO PEN

£14.99

 

Desktop clock, thermometer, calendar, and letter opener

This gadget has got lots of helpful information -with the added [^ ^jjjof an automatic electric letter opener. The LCD display shows date, time, and temperature in °C or °F. In addition there is an alarm clock, a calculator, and the times in 15 cities around the world.

Letter opener uses 2 xAA batteries (not supplied). 5.5 x 12 x 9.5cm.

O FEET WASHER

The best thing for your feet

Designed for shower or bath, this LUMImat cleans and massages your feet - and you don't need to bend down or stand on one leg! ^JEIHicups hold it safely while you stand on the 1,500 relaxing 'fingers'. 2.5 x 14.5 x 27.5cm.

Sounds as good as it writes

This pen looks beautiful, feels great to write with -but it sounds better in the ears. It's got a ^^Sl radio in the top! Wear the earphones and enjoy music while you work. Button batteries included. 14cm long.

O BED GLASSES

How to read or watch TV - flat on your back

These glasses are perfect for sick people who must stay in bed, or for people who like to relax with a book or watch TV while lying flat on the floor or sofa. The plastic frame contains two glass | that Q2J2223your vision by 90°. The [JjjjSISare first-class and you can wear them over your normal glasses.

20 Engineering

I

Read the texts (A-D) again and match the sentences (1-6) below with the gadgets.

1These two don't need batteries.

2 This does two things.

3 You use this standing up.

4 You use these lying down.

5 This can tell you how hot it is.

6 You get free batteries with this.

Vocabulary

Complete the definitions (1-7) with the liTflflHBiTEfilwords in the text.Use the glossary or your dictionary to help you.

1A________ is a good thing.

A_____

_ is a triangular block of glass.

. are the pieces of glass you look

through.

. holds/attaches with air pressure.

. is a type of plastic.

. means hidden.

__ means to change direction.

To

Speaking

5 How useful are the gadgets? Put them in order
(1 = most useful, 4 = least useful). Discuss your
ideas with a partner and agree on an order.
Explain your list to the rest of the class. Do other
students agree with you?

6 Think of a gadget that you use in your home, for
example, a TV remote control, a potato peeler.
(You don't need to know the English word). Plan
how to describe it, for example:

Where is it used? Who uses it? Why is it useful? What is it made from? How much does it cost?

7 Without naming the gadget, describe it to your
class. Can they guess the gadget? Does anyone
know the English word?

For example

You use this in the kitchen. You use it when you're cooking potatoes or carrots. It's easy to use and safer than a knife. It's made from metal. It doesn't need batteries. It's not expensive.

Writing

8 What information is included about each gadget?
Add to this list.

• The name of the gadget.

• What it does.

•

9 Design a gadget. Choose one of the gadgets
below or your own idea. Do a rough drawing of
your gadget and write draft information about it.
Use your list from Exercise 6 to help you.

• A gadget to cut your toenails without bending
over.

• A gadget to exercise your dog without going
outside.

• A gadget to keep your younger brother/ sister
out of your bedroom.

• A gadget to clean your shoes

 

10 Exchange your work with another student. Can
you help each other to improve the drawings and
descriptions?

Make a class poster of your final drawings

Get real

Use the Internet or magazines to find examples of strange or unusual gadgets. Bring them into class. Decide who has found the strangest or most unusual gadget.

Engineering 2!

Bridging the gap

 

 

Before you start

1 Do you like high places or are you afraid of
heights (vertigo)? Choose two words in your own
language to describe standing on a tall building.
Compare your words with the rest of the class.
How do you say these words in English?

Reading

2 Read the text quickly and choose the correct
answers to the questions below.

1Where is the text from?

a An engineering book about bridges bA tourist guidebook

2 Which is the best title for the text?
aThe Clifton Suspension Bridge
bIsambard Kingdom Brunei

Vocabulary

3 Complete the text by putting one word in each
space. Use the words in the box. Check the
meaning of any new words in the glossary or
your dictionary.

aeroplane ■ built ■ computer ■ designed ■ engineers ■ fixed ■ parachute ■ perfect ■ pilot vehicles

Reading

Read the text again and decide if the sentences (1-5) below are true (T) or false(F).

1The Clifton Suspension Bridge is a
moveable bridge. T/F

2 It was designed and built in the

twentieth century. T/F

3 The designer was a famous British
engineer. T/F

4 The design of the bridge is very good. T/F

5 Pilots fly under the bridge every day. T/F

Look at the diagram and the dimensions. Write the dimensions in the correct places.

Dimensions

span 214m

height above river 75m

height of towers 26m

 

T

he Clifton Suspension Bridge is a
(1)________ bridge which means it

doesn't open or move to allow boats through. It

was (2)________ in the 1830s by one of

Britain's greatest nineteenth-century

(3)________ , Isambard Kingdom Brunei. The

bridge was actually (4)________ in the 1860s.

(5)________ analysis of the design shows that

many of the ideas are almost (6)_______ .

When the bridge opened it was for carriages
pulled by horses but 150 years later it carries
12,000 cars and lorries a day, that's over four
million (7)________ a year.

Strange but true

landed safely after a 75m fall. She lived into her seventies. 2 The first (9)__________ flew under the bridge in 1911. The last plane was a jet travelling at 720kph in

Bridge disaster

Before you start

1 Have you ever done either of the things below?
Could you have avoided it? How? Tell your class
what happened and what could have prevented it.

• lost something important?

• injured yourself in an accident?

Vocabulary

2 Look at these words from the text. Check the
meaning of any new words in the glossary or
your dictionary.

Read how the Tay Bridge collapsed. Match the sentences (1-5) with the diagrams (a-e) below.

2 The base of one of the columns lifted. 3 This (lifting) caused the strengthening parts of the structure to… 4 The whole structure started to fall.

Speaking and Writing

Work with a partner. Imagine you are going to design a building, a bridge, or another structure. Make a list of the questions you should ask before you start.

Example: Designing a school

• how many children are going to attend the
school?

• how many classrooms will they need?

Get real Find out about another engineering or design disaster. Which questions should the designer have asked before he/she started work?

Compare your ideas with other students. Can you help them to add to their list?

Engineering 23

Ancient structures

Before you start

1 Look at the pictures. Do you know what and where these structures are? Are there any ancient structures in your country?

Reading

Tide: THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA was built across northern China to protect the… THE EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS are a famous symbol of ancient Egypt. The stone structures were usually QQQaS for pharaohs. The…

Vocabulary

highlighted

words

Match the

in the text with the

definitions (1-5) below.

1 A place where people are
buried.

2 The top, or highest part of
something.

3 Protecting somebody
against attack.

4 People who do hard
physical work outdoors.

5 All the people who live in a
country.

Writing

Use the notes below to write a paragraph about Hadrian's Wall (the northern boundary of the Roman Empire).

Get real Find out about an ancient structure in your country. Answer the questions in Exercise 3 about it.

• Between England and
Scotland

• A defensive wall

• Built in 122-6 AD

• Made of earth and stone

• Built by soldiers

• 117km long, 6.5m high, 3m
wide

24 Engineering

Do you understand?

Before you start

1 What does this Chinese proverb about learning
mean? Do you agree with it? How do you like to
learn?

1 hear and I forget, 1 see and 1 remember, I do and I understand.

Vocabulary

bottom ■ centre ■ corner ■ diagonal afold horizontal ■ point aside atop ■ vertical   Origami:A paper plane

Q Fold along the centre fold.

Q Make two folds as shown to make the wings.

o

o

 

Reading

3 Read the origami instructions (1-9) and match
them with the diagrams (a-i).

4 First, follow the instructions and make a paper
plane. Then throw it in the air at an angle of
45 degrees. Did it fly?

Writing

5 Work out how to make a simple paper object. Use
your own idea or choose one of these:

 

a cube aan envelope a a boat

Make the object, write draft instructions, and draw rough diagrams for each step.

Ask your partner to read your draft and follow the diagrams.

If they can't make the object, improve your instructions and diagrams.

Ask another person to try to make the object.

Get real Find examples of different types of instructions, for example furniture assembly instructions with diagrams, or cooking recipes. Which… Engineering 25 How do you say

Vocabulary

area ■ capacity ■ distance ■ length ■ liquid (quantity) ■ speed ■ weight ■ height Did you know? of the Eiffel Tower in Paris is

Rewrite the measurements in Exercise 4 as numbers and abbreviations. Use the numbers and abbreviations in the box.

516m ■ 1 lOkph ■ 3OOOcc (or cm³) ■ 200km 300m ■ 1.51 ■ 593km² ■ 2000kg

6 Rewrite the measurements (1-9) below as
numbers and abbreviations.

1twenty-two kilometres per hour

2 two litres

3 one point five square metres

4 six square kilometres

5 fifty millilitres

6 eighteen kilograms

7 one hundred and thirty grams

8 one point five metres by fifty centimetres

9 nought point seven five cubic metres

Writing and Speaking

1What area is your classroom? 2 How tall are you? 3 What is the speed limit on the roads in your town?

Before you start

1 What are these things? What have the words got in common?

Biro ■ Braille ■ guillotine ■ Hoover ■ Jacuzzi ■ Levis ■ Stetson

Reading

Put these standard international (SI) units into the correct column.

amp ■ Celsius ■ curie ■ hertz ■ joule ■ kelvin ■ newton ■ ohm pascal ■ volt ■ watt

Physics (2) Temperature (2)

Chemistry (1) Electricity (6)

A blind person reading Braille text

Vocabulary

Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836) ■ Anders Celsius (1701-1744) Marie Curie (1867-1934) ■ Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) ■ James Prescott… 1A________ is a unit of pressure equal to one newton per square metre. It's named after________ a French scientist.

Speaking

• Which of the words in Exercise 2 and 3 are you familiar with in your language? • Is anything named after a person in your country? Get real

Before you start

Match the Arabic and Roman numbers.

Reading

Complete the text by putting a word or number in each space (1-10). Use the words and numbers in the box.

* half ■ -5° ■ -40° ■ 88% ■ Hundreds ■ 200 ■…  

SJARVI

ICEHOT

THE JUKKASJARVI ICEHOTELin Sweden is an interesting and cold place
for a holiday. It started life as an igloo (a small house made of snow) at an
art exhibition in (1)_________ .

(2)__________ of people visited the exhibition and some even slept

there, so the builders decided to make it a hotel.

The Icehotel is open for less than (3)_________ of the year. Every May

it melts and every November it is rebuilt. It now measures (4)_________

and it needs (5)_________ tons of ice and 30,000 tons of snow to build it.

This actually means that it is more than (6)_________ snow.

2 Why are Arabic numbers used in mathematics?

Vocabulary

Match the numbers in the box with the words (1-9) below.

1 two thirds 2 three point six per cent 3 a quarter

Student B

• three thousand, nine hundred and fifty-eight

• fifty-five percent

• a half

• seven point six five

 

Note: In English, you write a point (.) not a comma (,) in decimal numbers. You say the numbers after the point separately, for example 23.34 is 'twenty-three point three four'.

Get real

• Who introduced Arabic numbers to European maths? • Who developed the idea of 'zero'? 21 Engineering If s all just numbers

Before you start

1 Do you know how many people live in your town
and in your country? Where can you find this
information?

Reading

2 Read the text quickly and choose the correct
answers to the questions (1-3) below.

1Where is the text from?

aA government information leaflet bA teenage magazine

2 What is the text about?

ahow many children watch TV in Britain bhow many children there are in Britain

3 Who is this information useful for?

apeople planning educational resources bteachers and parents

POPULATION

children aged under (2) sixteen in (3) two thousand: (4) six point two million boys and (5) five point nine million girls. This is fewer

Your CV

NAME

Before you start

1 Have you ever had a part-
time or work experience job?
Tell your class:

• what your job was

• how you got it

Reading

1What is a CV? aA description of someone's family, education, likes and dislikes. bA description of someone's education, work experience, and skills.

GAMES4U

wants young, dynamic people to develop the next generation of

computer software. Foreign languages an advantage. Send CV and covering letter to ...

BOOKS FOR STUDENTS

need two people aged 18-20 to work in their engineering and technology department.

To apply, send CV and covering letter to...

Vocabulary

1... a covering letter .... aa letter to give more information ba letter to hide a CV 2 foreign languages an advantage...

Writing

Write your own CV in English using

  Name   Address   Telephone number   e-mail address … Get real Are the rules for CVs the same in your language as in English? Are there any differences? Look at advertisements for…

Before you start

1 Do you ever write these types of text? Which ones do you write most often? Who do you write them to?

• postcards?

• e-mails?

• letters?

• text messages?

Reading

1Letter A is to/from Katy Evans. 2 Mrs Lee/Katy Evans works at the college. 3 Katy Evans is/wants to be a student at the college.

Vocabulary

w I regret to inform you that your application has not been successful. O Please supply additional information about your experience.

Speaking

7 In your own language, discuss
the differences between
formal and informal English.
Are the differences the same
in your language?

Writing

We'd be delighted if you could join us for drinks. Let's have a drink. 1 In response to your recent enquiry... 2 The receptionist will direct you to the correct room.

Match the formal and informal messages with the same general meaning.

    Short forms

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ISBNO 19 438827 1

Acknowledgements

Geert Claeys, Pavla Cipova, Hofle Laszlone, Hana Sedlakova, Alena Steklova We would like to thank the following for their kind permission to reproduce… Trevor Baylis p 18

What types of

Problems do

engineers solve?

Why did the Tay Bridge collapse?

I don't play football. Why do I need a referee?

Help! I don't know the

Difference between amps,

Ohms, watts, and volts.

What you need is a

The Workshop series gives lower-intermediate students a practical foundation for the English they need in the real world. You can use the 25-30 self-contained lessons in the classroom or at home. They… Titles in the series include: Business and Commerce Workshop Engineering Workshop information Technology Workshop…