До вивчення дисципліни 7.090702 Радіоелектронні пристрої, системи та комплекси

Міністерство освіти і науки України

Національний технічний університет України

«Київський політехнічний інститут»

Англійська мова

професійного спрямування

Дидактичний матеріал

до вивчення дисципліни

для студентів ІІІ курсу

спеціальностей 7.090701 «Радіотехніка»,

7.090702 «Радіоелектронні пристрої, системи та комплекси»,

7.090703 «Апаратура радіозв'язку, радіомовлення

і телебачення» радіотехнічного факультету

 

Затверджено Методичною радою НТУУ «КПІ»

 

 

Київ

НТУУ «КПІ»

Англійська мова професійного спрямування: Дидактичний матеріал до вивч. дисципліни для студ. III курсу спец. 7.090701 «Радіотехніка», 7.090702 «Радіоелектронні пристрої, системи та комплекси», 7.090703 «Апаратура радіозв'язку, радіомовлення і телебачення» / Уклад.: Т. І. Скляренко. Л. М. Щербань. - К.: ІІТУУ «КПІ», 2007. - 48 с.

І'риф надано Методичною радою НГУУ «КПІ» (Протокол № 10 від 21.06.2007 р.)

 

 

Навчальне видання

 

Англійська мова

професійного спрямування

Дидактичний матеріал

до вивчення дисципліни

для студентів III курсу

спеціальностей 7.090701 «Радіотехніка»,

7.090702 «Радіоелектронні пристрої, системи та комплекси»,

7.090703 «Апаратура радіозв'язку, радіомовлення

і телебачення» радіотехнічного факультету

 

 

Укладачі: Скляренко Тетяна Іванівна

Щербань Лідія Михайлівна

 

Відповідальний О. В. Малкова

редактор

 

Рецензенти: Т. П. Павлова, канд. екон. наук, доц.

Г. О. Горбунович

О. С. Синекоп

 

 

За редакцією укладачів

Надруковано з оригінал-макета замовника

 

 

Темплан 2007 p., поз. 2-044

 

Підп. до друку 22.06.2007. Формат 60x84¹/₁₆. Папір офс. Гарнітура Times.

Спосіб друку - ризографія. Ум. друк. арк. 2,79. Обл.-вид. арк. 4,64. Зам. № . Наклад 50 пр.

___________________________________________________________________________

 

 

НТУУ «КПІ» ВПІ ВПК «Політехніка»

Свідоцтво ДК № 1665 від 28.01.2004 р.

03056, Київ, пул. Політехнічна, 14, корп. 15

тел./факс (044) 241-68-78

Unit One

I. Pre-text exercises: 1. Practise reading the following words: means [mi:nz], branch [bra:ntʃ], ally [ə'lai], marine [mə'rin], broadcasting ['brɔ:dka:stiŋ],…

Text A

Basic task and applications of Radio Engineering

2. One of the most important applications of radio engineering involves long-distance communication by means of electromagnetic waves. The… 3. However, the above applications by no way exhaust all the possibilities of… 4. Radio techniques and methods are widely used in experimental physics including nuclear physics, in instruments and…

Write out of the text the words and the phrases describing general uses of radio engineering.

7. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form according to the meaning (using Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect Tenses): a) The electric current (to play)____________an important role in our everyday… b) The professor (to mention)___________the name of Volta at the last lecture.

I. Pre-text exercises.

1. Learn the meaning and pronunciation of the following words:

angle ['æŋgl], remain [ri'mein], property ['prɔpəti], polarization [poulərai'zeiŋn], alternating ['ɔ:ltə:neitiŋ], abbreviate [ə'bri:vieit], mutually ['mju:tjuəli], reverse [r'ivə:s].

2. Read and remember the Plural of the following Nouns:

radius ['reidiəs] – radii ['reidiai]

datum ['deitəm] – data ['deitə]

formula [' fɔ:mjulə] - formulae ['fo:mjuli]

index ['indeks] - indices ['indisi:z]

 

II. Read the following text carefully. While vou are reading look for the answers to the questions:

1. What are the essential properties of radio waves?

2. What's the wave front?

3. When is the wave vertically or horizontally polarized?

 

Text B

Radio Waves

2. One half of the electrical energy contained in the wave exists in the form of electrostatic energy, while the remaining half is in the form of… 3. The essential properties of a radio wave are the frequency, intensity,… 4. The distance occupied by one complete cycle of such an alternating wave is equal to the velocity of the wave…

Put questions to each other.

1. Forms of existence of electrical energy contained in the radio wave. 2. The essential properties of a radio wave. 3. Measuring of the strength of a radio wave.

Unit Two

I. Pre-text Exercises 1. Practise reading the following words: emerge [i'mə:dʒ], predetermine ['pri:di'tə:min], instantaneous [instən'teinjəs], component…

Form nouns adding the suffixes -er, -or to the given verbs.

Translate the verbs and the nouns:

Example: to design — a designer (конструювати - конструктор) to operate, to receive, to produce, to transmit, to invent, to discover, to convert, to record, to use.

II. Read and translate the text.

Text A

A Radio Communication System

2. Essential components of a radio transmitter include an oscillation generator for converting commercial electric power into oscillations of a… 3. Other important components of the radio transmitter are the modulator,… 4. The particular method of designing and arranging the various components depends on the effects desired. The…

Translate paragraph 4 in writing.

Write out of paragraphs 2, 3 the words and word combinations describing the radio transmitter. Use them for describing the radio transmitter to your group-mates.

6. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the Sequence of Tenses:

a) The post-graduate said that the material he needed was not available at present.

b) The student said that he comprehended the aim of the experiment.

c) She said that she had comprehended the main idea of the article.

d) I was asked whether I could describe the technique of scanning reading.

e) He was asked if he would be able to derive from that English book the information we needed for our experiment.

f) The teacher said that scanning reading would be of great help to engineering students.

g) The student said that this material was not directly related to the information he was looking for.

h) He said he would not deal with the description of this experiment.

i) The students were told that they didn't need to read reference books carefully.

j) She said that she had lost the sense of a phrase and stopped reading.

Put the predicate of the main sentence in the Past Indefinite

a) We are informed that many scientists are working at the problem of radioactivity. b) Newspapers write that atomic radiation is very harmful and that, therefore,… c) The United Nations scientific committee reports that every nuclear test contaminates the world by radioactivity and…

Text В

Receivers

2. The incoming signal from the antenna, consisting of a radio-frequency carrier oscillation modulated by an audio-frequency or video-frequency… 3. Most modern radio receivers are of the superheterodyne type in which an… 4. Radio-frequency and intermediate-frequency amplifiers are voltage amplifiers, increasing the voltage of the signal.…

Put questions to each other.

1) The essential components of a radio receiver. 2) The dominant consideration in receiver design. 3) The most modern type of a radio receiver.

Unit Three

Lesson One

I. Pre-text Exercises.

Cybernetics [saibə:ˈnetiks], utilization [ju:tilai'zeiʃn], launch [lɔ:ntʃ], trajectory ['trædʒiktəri],… 2. State to what part of speech the following words belong: discovery, investigation, physical, rapidly, receiver, communication, shaping, computer, sensitivity, optical.

II. Read and translate the text.

 

Text A

Modern Electronics

2. Electronics is one of the main sciences which form the technological basis for using these new methods. Electronics studies the problems… 3. Electronics surrounds us everywhere. Television, tape recording,… 4. It was in 1957 that the first man made satellite was launched in our country, and now man has already set his foot…

Translate paragraph 3 in writing.

Write out of paragraphs 4, 5 the words and word combinations describing the application of electronics in space research. Use them for rendering to you group-mates.

6. Define the forms and functions of the Infinitive in the following sentences and translate them:

a) Experiments on the improvement of radar equipment began to be made during World War II.

b) The first man to invent the radio was Popov, a Russian scientist.

c) To design, construct and operate a radar system is a great technical achievement.

d) Astronomers use radar to explore the universe.

e) To increase the range of modern radar scientists had to make numerous experiments.

f) Computers are the machines which are supplied with electrical pulses that represent the problem to be solved.

g) The scientist is sorry not to have found another solution to that problem.

h) We think this machine to have been operating for a long time until it was followed in 1977 by the desk calculator.

i) We know these operations to be done by a calculator.

j) Howard Aiken invented the device to be sequencing through the calculations without human intervention.

k) Any engineer knows the third-generation computers to be produced by using integrated circuits.

1) We know Aiken's device to have weighted 5 tons.

m) He explained the scheme for the second time for us to understand it better.

n) The air-speed indicator is used to measure the speed of a craft through the air.

o) The best way to understand the current is to see it acts in a circuit.

p) To make the signals represent information most digital computers use the binary code.

q) To prove this law experimentally is very difficult.

7. Change the following complex sentences given below according to the example and translate them:

a) Example: The process which will be described in this article is known as ionization.

The process to be described in this article is known as ionization.

 

1. The method which will be used is reliable.

2. The results which will be received will be published next month.

3. The data that are to be obtained will be of great interest.

4. The measurements that must be made should be accurate enough.

5. The experiments which will be demonstrated are closely related to our research.

6. The problem that must be solved is very difficult.

7. The work that must be done is of great importance.

8. The method that will be used was developed in our laboratory.

9. The equipment that is to be installed is very effective.

10.The instrument which will be used must make precise measurements.

 

b) Example: Yablochkov was the first who realized the advantages of the alternating current.

Yablochkov was the first to realize the advantages of the alternating current.

 

1. Franklin was the first who developed a new theory of electricity.

2. Lomonosov and Franklin were the first who made their experiment in the field of atmospheric electricity.

3. The engineer was the last who made report at the conference.

4. The famous scientist was the first who proved this theory.

5. Newton was one of the first who studied light.

6. Lodygin was the first who invented the electric lamp.

7. These metals were the first that were used in industry.

8. This scientist was the first who developed the new process.

9. These devices were the first that were tested in our laboratory.

10. Einstein was the first who provided a new conception of time, space and gravitation.

 

Lesson Two

I. Pre-text Exercises

1. Learn the meaning and pronunciation of the following words:

evacuate [i'vækjueit], cathode ['kæθoud], anode ['ænoud], repel [ri'pel],

bipolar [bai'poulə], bias ['baiəs], unimpeded ['Λnim'pi:did], superimpose [,sju:pərim'pouz], silicon ['silikən], germanium [dʒə:'meiniəm].

2. Read and remember the Plural of the following nouns:

nucleus ['nju:kliəs] — nuclei ['nju:kliai]

focus ['foukəs] — foci ['fousai]

apparatus [æpə'reitəs] — apparatuses [æpə'reitəsiz]

thesis ['θi:sis] — theses ['θi:si:z]

II. Read the following text carefully. While vou are reading look for the answer to the questions:

1. How many categories are components of electronic circuits classified into?

2. How can diode be produced?

3. Which transistors operate more efficiently - bipolar or field-effect ones?

 

Text В

Electronic Components. Vacuum Tubes and Transistors

2. A vacuum tube consists of an air-evacuated glass envelope that contains several metal electrodes. A simple, two-element tube (diode) consists of a cathode and an anode that is… 3. Transistors are made from semiconductors. These are materials, such as silicon or germanium, that are…

Put questions to each other.

1) Active and passive components of electronic circuits. 2) The main elements of a diode. 3) Using of diodes and triodes.

Unit Four

I. Pre-text Exercises 1. Practise reading the following words: wafer ['weifə], layer ['Іеіə], dioxide [dai'ɔksaid], underneath [,Λndə'ni:θ], surface…

II. Read and translate the text

Text A

The Integrated Chip

2. The reason integrated chips are possible at all is because engineers learned ways to build layers, making millions of transistors across the chip… 3. The chip is build upwards, layer by layer. Each layer is made by putting… 4. The chip is made out of a semiconductor crystal. The chip starts out as a thin wafer of p-type silicon.

Translate paragraphs 5 and 6 in writing.

Write out of paragraph 4 the words and word combinations describing the parts and the functions of the chip. Use them for rendering to your group-mates.

6. Define the forms and the functions of Participle:

1) Applying powerful machinery we achieved a tremendous growth of the total amount of agricultural products.

2) While explaining the results of the experiment professor wrote many formulae on the blackboard.

3) In this method the metal is heated resulting in increased thermal of kinetic energy of the unbound electrons.

4) This reaction involves the following temperature changes.

5) The remaining admixtures were separated from the end product.

6) These moving parts were electrically powered.

7) A paper by the famous scientists dealing with this matter has appeared recently.

8) Considering the hydrolysis as the first order reaction it is possible to draw some conclusions.

9) A general-purpose switching relay is designed to satisfy automation manufacturing processes.

10) The operation is fairly slow requiring several hours.

11) This must be taken into account when comparing all data of previous experiments.

12) The type of the capacitor being determined at the laboratory is the newest one.

13) All electrical conductors dissipate heat when carrying a current.

14) Being cooled water turns into ice.

15) Electrons being negative move from lower to higher potential.

16) While being checked the motor showed good performance.

17) It should be taken into consideration when working on transmitters that dangerous voltage will exist.

18) Being determined the capacitor of this type was widely used.

7. Change the complex sentences given below according the examples and translate them:

Example A: While she was preparing for her physics exam she looked through all the notes of the lectures.

While preparing for her physics exam she looked through all the notes of the lectures.

1) While he was translating the article he used a dictionary.

2) While the engineer was working at the problem he made many experiments.

3) When the scientist was carrying out research in the field of nuclear physics he came to this institute to work here.

4) When the worker was applying the new method of work he got better results.

5) When the engineer was improving the design he made many calculations.

6) While he was experimenting with this substance he was very careful.

7) While the lecturer was describing this phenomenon he illustrated it with numerous examples.

8) When these scientists were working in our laboratory they obtained good results.

Example B: The scientists who are carrying out research into nuclear physics deal with the most difficult problems.

The scientists carrying out research into nuclear physics deal with the most difficult problems.

l) The scientist who is working at the method is well known.

2) The students who are listening to the typed lesson study at the evening faculty.

3) These postgraduate students who are watching the experiment work in our laboratory.

4) The worker who is repairing the machine is very skilled.

5) The engineer who is carrying out these investigations is well known inventor.

6) The students who are doing the laboratory work are from various faculties.

7)The workers who are building this installation will soon finish their work.

 

Lesson Two

I. Pre-text Exercises

1. Learn the meaning and pronunciation of the following words:

audio ['ɔ:diou], impurity [im'pjuəriti], accidentally [æksi'dentəli], boundary ['baundəri], crystal ['kristl], tough [tΛf], crucial ['kru:ʃjəl], allow [ə'lau], diode ['daiəd].

2. Read and remember the Plural of the following nouns:

basis ['beisis] - bases ['beisi:z]

axis ['æksis] - axes ['æksi:z]

analysis [ə'næləsis] - analyses [ə'næləsi:z]

criterion [krai'tiəriən] - criteria [krai'tiəriə]

II. Read the following text carefully, while you are reading look for the answers to the questions

1. What were the first diodes?

2. What makes the crystal work?

3. What is a crystal diode made of?

 

Text В

Diodes

l. A diode is one of the important parts of the integrated circuit. A diode, or "rectifier", is any device through which electricity can flow in only one direction. The first diodes were crystals used as rectifiers in home radio kits. A weak radio signal was fed into the crystal through a very fine wire called a cat's whisker. The crystal removed the high frequency radio carrier signal, allowing the part of the signal with the audio information to come through loud and clear. The crystal was filled with impurities, making some sections more resistant to electrical flow than others. Using the radio required positioning the cat's whiskers over the right kind of impurity to get electricity to flow through the crystal to the output below it.

2. At the time, though, no one really understood about the impurities - then in 1939 Russell Ohl accidentally discovered that it was the boundary between sections of different purity that made the crystal work. Now that the way they work is understood, manufacturers make crystal diodes that work much more consistently than the ones in those original radio kits.

3. A crystal diode is made of two different types of semiconductors right next to each other. One side is easy for electrons to travel through; one side is much tougher. It's something like trying to swim through a pool filled with water and then a pool filled with mud: swimming through water is easy; swimming through mud is next to impossible. To an electron some semiconductors seem like water, some like mud.

4.One side of the semiconductor boundary is like mud, one like water. If you try to get electricity to move from the mud side to the water side, there's no problem. The electrons just jump across the boundary, forming a current. But try to make electricity go the other way and nothing will happen. Electrons that didn't have to work hard to travel around the water side just don't have enough energy to make it into the mud side. (In real life, there are always a few electrons that can trickle in the wrong direction, but not enough to make a big difference).

5. This boundary has turned out to be crucial for all daily lives. Diodes change the alternating current mat comes from your wall outlet into the direct current that most appliances need. And transistors need two such boundaries to work.

 

III. After-text Exercise

1. Agree or disagree with the next statements:

a) A diode, or "rectifier", is any device through which electricity can flow in only one direction.

b) The crystal was filled with impurities, making some sections more resistant to electrical flow than others.

c) A crystal diode is made of three different types of semiconductors right next to each other.

d) In real life, there are always many electrons that can trickle in the wrong direction.

e) Diodes change the alternating current into the direct current that most appliances need.

2. Find the information about:

a) the cat's whisker,

b) the impurities, making some sections more resistant to electrical flow than others;

c) Russell Ohl's discovery;

d) two types of semiconductors in a crystal diode;

e) two boundaries necessary for work of transistors.

Put questions to each other.

а) The first diodes and types of radio signals in them. b) The substances making some sections more resistant to electrical flow than… c) The boundary between sections of different purity that makes the crystal work.

Unit Five

Lesson One

I. Pre-text Exercises

though [ðou], personnel [,pə:sə'nel], sewer ['sjuə], vehicle [' vi:ikl], live [laiv], schedule ['ʃedju:l], available… 2. State to what part of speech the following words belong: visible, length, ordinary, different, amplifier, amplification, scientific, atomic, needed, unbelievable,…

Text A

Television

2.Television has a variety of applications in society, business, and science. The most common use of television is as a source of information and… 3. A television program is created by focusing a television camera on a scene.… 4.Three or four cameras are typically used to produce a television program. The video signals from the cameras are…

Optical System

9. The pickup device takes light from a scene and translates it into electronic signals. The first pickup devices used in cameras were camera tubes.… They needed only about as much light to record a scene as human eyes need to… 10. When recording television images, the pickup device replaces the function of film used in making movies. In a…

Write out of paragraphs 3-6 words and word combinations describing the creation and broadcasting a television program. Use them for rendering to your group-mates.

6. Define the forms and functions of Gerund:

1) Studying small structures is accomplished with the help of microscope.

2) Scientists began working at the problem of magnifying the power of microscopes more than 200 years ago.

3) They were greatly interested in improving the lenses.

4) Adding heat to a substance will not always cause a rise of its temperature.

5) The sound effect of increasing the magnet current is to increase the field strength at every point.

6) Representing the electric field by means of these lines help us to picture the forces between the changed bodies.

7) The experiments of physicists resulted in making much more powerful microscopes.

8) The main point of a transformer is changing voltage although the power of both sides of the transformer is equal.

9) After introducing new technology in that branch of industry some changes must be made as soon as possible.

10) The necessity in the form of increasing productivity gave birth to new automatic mechanism.

11) On reading J. Von Neumann's paper we understood the main idea of internal memory for storing the program.

12) By using transistor circuits scientists removed size limitation of the previous computers.

13) Measuring temperature is necessary in many experiments.

14) The laser beam is made exciting the atoms of a suitable material.

15) There can be no progress in science without experimenting.

16) Upon adding heat we can change the state of a substance.

17) Penetrating into space was very important for mankind.

18) For many centuries men were interested in obtaining new sources of energy.

19) When atoms or molecules are excited they emit electromagnetic waves. By counting the number of waves in certain period, a very accurate measure of time can be defined.

20) Telemetry is the science of seeing some place without being there.

7. Define whether the word with the suffix -ing is a Verbal noun, a Gerund or a Participle:

1) Our aim is solving this complex problem.

2) They succeeded in obtaining good results working with this metal.

3) The building of this laboratory will be finished next month.

4) In testing the devices they found some serious faults.

5) The growing importance of automatic equipment in industry attracts world-wide attention.

6) These scientists played a great role in the spreading of the metric system.

7) After graduating from Petersburg University A.S. Popov remained there as a post-graduate at the Physics Department.

8) After Hertz had published his experiments proving the existence of electromagnetic waves, A.S. Popov thought of a possibility of using Hertz waves for transmitting signals over a distance.

9) On March 24, 1896 he demonstrated the transmission and reception of a radiogram consisting of two words: Heinrich Hertz.

10) Using the new method it is possible to increase accuracy and speed of spectral analysis.

Thousands of scientists, using the most modern equipment, are studying the atmosphere.

 

Lesson Two

I. Pre-text Exercise

1. Learn the meaning and pronunciation of the following words:

surveillance [sə:'veiləns], identification [aiِِِِِِ¸dentifi'keiʃn], echo ['ekou], visualize ['vizjuəlaiz], barrage ['bæra:ʒ], compass ['kΛmpəs], anchor ['æŋkə], guide [gaid], sign-posts ['sainpousts], height [hait].

Read and remember the Plural of the following Nouns.

phenomenon [fі'nɔminən] - phenomena [fі'nɔminə]

symposium [sim'pouzjəm] - symposia [sim'pouzjə]

spectrum ['spektrəm] - spectra ['spektrə]

momentum [mou'mentəm] - momenta [mou'mentə]

II. Read the following text carefully.

While you are reading look for the answers to the questions:

1. How many categories are the uses of radar generally divided?

2. What are the ways of radar working?

3. What peaceful purposes is radar used today for?

 

Text В

How radar works

1) Warning and surveillance of activity, including identification. 2) Aids to the direction of weapons, that is, gunfire control and searchlight… 3) Observation of terrain echoes or beacons for navigation and control of bombing.

Put questions to each other.

1) The beginning of the design of a radar. 2) The most elementary radar equipment. 3) The aim of a radar.