The United States of America

 

Содержание:

Topic 1.My Family. ………………………………………………………….

Topic 2.Student Daily Routine. ………………………………………………

Topic 3.Our Academy. ……………………………………………………….

Topic 4.Great Britain. ……………………………………………..………….

Topic 5.London. ……………………………………………………………...

Topic 6.Russia. ……………………………………………………………….

Topic 7.Moscow. …………………………………………………………….

Topic 8.The Republic of Buryatia. …………………………………………...

Topic 9.Ulan – Ude. ………………………………………………………….

Topic 10.The United States of America. ……………………………………..

Topic 11.Canada. ……………………………………………………………..

Topic 12.Australia. …………………………………………………………...

Topic 13.New Zealand. ………………………………………………………

Topic 14.Ecology. ……………………………………………………………

 

Topic 15.Student Research Work. …………………………………………...

 

Topic 1

MY FAMILY

Relations by birth: - parents – - father / dad / daddy – - mother / mum / mummy – - sister – - brother – - son… Relations by marriage: - married couple - - husband – - … People’s age:

MY FAMILY

After leaving school I entered the Buryat State Academy of Agriculture in Ulan-Ude. I study at the economics faculty. I am a first-year student. It… In my free time I am fond of reading, listening to music, watching TV,… But most of all I am crazy about music, you know. It’s my passion. I like different kinds of music but mostly dance…

THE EASTERN BIRTHDAY.

Ox. You are patient and people trust you. Normally you are easy going, but at times you may be stubborn and you get angry quickly. If you start… Tiger. You are sensitive and a deep thinker. People respect you because you… Hare. If you are born this year you are lucky, talented and very good in business. If you aim for great things you…

SECRETS OF THE STARS

If you are born an Aries, you are very impulsive and passionate. You a doer who plunges into whatever excite you. You are every inch a warrior. You… Taurus (the Bull). April 21 – May 21. If you are born a Taurus, you like… Gemini (the Twins). May 22 – June 21. If you are a Gemini, you listen to your mind before your heart. You like…

Topic 2

STUDENT DAILY ROUTINE

Exercise 1. Study the new topical words and word-phrases. 1. to qualify as - 2. to turn on (off) the tape-recorder – 3. to (the)…   Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.

MY DAILY ROUTINE

Hi, there! I am Kate. I’d like to tell you about my daily routine. I study at the Buryat State Academy of Agriculture. I am a first-year student of… I usually get up at 6.30 in the morning. I usually open the window and turn on… I go back to my bedroom and dress myself. I make my bed, tidy up my things and put my books into the bag.

An Interview

Topic 3

OUR ACADEMY

  Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.  

OUR ACADEMY

The Buryat State Academy of Agriculture is the first higher educational institution in the Republic of Buryatia. It was founded in 1931 as the… For the years of its existence the Academy has become one of the largest… In 1995 as a result of the state attestation the Agricultural Institute was renamed into the Buryat State Academy of…

Topic 4

GREAT BRITAIN

· the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland · the Highlands · the Lowlands

GREAT BRITAIN

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and… The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244,000 square kilometers, it… Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel, which is 34 km wide in its narrowest point. The…

1.

The climate of Russia	is (are) considered to be	the highest mountain
Manchester	the highlands
Potatoes	diverse
Englishmen	an agricultural region
Ben Nevis	Great lovers of Nature
South-eastern England	the most important crop
The northern and western parts of Great Britain	The world’s producer of cotton goods

2.

The British Isles	consist(s) of	21 republics
Russia	2 large islands
Peter’s family	4 ingredients
Buryatia	10 members
A mixture	4 members: a father, a mother and two children
The committee	the House of Lords and the House of commons
The British Parliament	mainly low plains

3.

Great Britain	is (are) known as	Englishmen
The 14th of February	The motherland of tulips (тюльпаны)
Holland	University towns
Glasgow	the Highlands
People living in England	a country of fogs and rain
A vast plain in Great Britain	St. Valentine’s Day
Oxford and Cambridge	the largest seaport

 

Exercise 7. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Британские острова расположены на континентальном шельфе.

2. Считается, что Шотландия такая же красивая как Голландия.

3. Уэльс - один из крупнейших угледобывающих районов.

4. Сегодня Великобритания – крупный производитель железа и стали, электронного и машинного оборудования, изделий текстильной и химической промышленностей.

5. Кембриджский Университет состоит из 19 колледжей.

6. Глава государства – королева, но она не правит, ее власть ограничена Парламентом.

7. Глазго является центром кораблестроения и судоходства.

8. Англичане – почитатели природы; они платят больше налоги для того, чтобы сохранить сады и парки в стране.

9. Манчестер известен как мировой производитель хлопчатобумажных изделий.

10. Англия считается огромным упорядоченным парком с ее зелеными лугами и большими деревьями.

 

Exercise 8. Make up the plan of the text.

 

Exercise 9.Study the following narration clichés and try to memorize them.

· I would (I’d) like to tell you about …

· First, I’d like to dwell upon (to touch upon, speak about, to narrate of …)

· Next (further on, then, to succeed), I’d say that …

· Speaking about… I should mention …

· I’d like to say a word or two about (a few words about) …

· As far as … is concerned, I’d add …

· To finish with (in conclusion, to sum it up) …

 

Exercise10. Retell the text using your plan and narration clichés from ex.9.

Make use of the following key words:

 

(to consist of, to occupy, to equal to, the capital, mild climate, the landscape, a producer and exporter of, Oxford and Cambridge Universities, to be occupied in, the main crops, like a park, a lover of Nature, a constitutional monarchy, two chambers, to be exercised by, political parties)

 

Exercise 11. * Prove the fact that:

· One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding;

· Englishmen are Nature lovers;

· Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country in the world;

 

Explain the statements, using clichés from ex. 9:

· The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy;

· The climate of the country is mild;

· South-eastern England is an agricultural region.

 

Exercise 12. *

 

1. Make up as many questions as you can about the text.

2. Study the following openers and the model. Make up mini-dialogues according to the model.

 

Expressing personal interest	Asking for information	Giving information	Gratitude Acknowledgement
-You know I am interested in … -I’m fond of … -I’m more(rather) interested in … -What I really want to know is …	-Could you tell me what (where, who)… -Sorry, but could you explain me … -I wanted to know exactly what (where, when)… -I was wondering if… -Do you think you could tell me … -I wonder if …	-Oh, with pleasure! -Certainly, I can. -Most willingly! -Glad to help you! -Yes, please.	-Thank you for your information! -Thank you! It’s good to know this! -I see, thanks!

Model:

A: You know, I'm interested in Great Britain’s geography. Do you think you could tell me what the territory of the UK is?

B: Most willingly! The territory of the UK is about 244.000 square kilometres.

A: I see, thanks.

 

3. Study the role cards below and make up a dialogue according to the model. Use openers:

 

A B

You are: a student from the Buryat State Academy of Agriculture. Your interlocutor is: your English friend. Place: at your place Situation: Your friend has come from Great Britain. You are interested in Great Britain's geography. You are talking to him about it. Try to find out: - where the UK is situated; - how many parts it consists of; - what the capitals of Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are; - what the territory of the UK is; - what the population of the country is; - if there are mountains and plains in Great Britain; - if there are rivers in the country; - what the climate of Great Britain is; - if it rains often in the country.

You are: an English student. Your interlocutor is: your Russian friend. Place: at your friend's Situation: You are visiting your friend in Buryatia. Now, you are talking to him about your motherland. Being keen on Great Britain's geography, he asks you some questions. Be ready to answer them. Say that: - the UK is situated on the British Isles; - It consists of four parts; - The capitals of these parts are Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively; - Great Britain occupies the territory of 244.000 sq. km. - The population equals to 60 mln. people; - There are mountains in Great Britain. There are also the Lowlands and the Highlands; - The most important rivers are the Severn and the Thames; - Rain and fog are common things in Great Britain, especially in autumn and in winter.

 

4. Make up role cards on Britain's industry, agriculture, political system and education, exchange

your role cards and make up dialogues.

 

 

Exercise 13*. Read the text and find out what customs and traditions are to be found in Great

Britain. Be ready to use the information in the topic "Great Britain".

 

Some English customs and traditions are famous all over the world. Bowler hats, tea and talking about the weather, for example. From Scotland to Cornwall, the United Kingdom is full of customs and traditions. Here are some of them.

St. Valentine's is the saint of people in love and St. Valentine's Day is February 14th. On that day, people send valentine cards and presents to their husbands, wives, boyfriends and girlfriends. You can also send a card to a person you don't know. But traditionally you must never write your name on it. Some British newspa­pers have a page for Valentine's Day messages on February 14th.

April, 1 is April Fool's Day in Great Britain. This is a very old tradition from the Middle Ages. At that time servants were masters for one day of the year. Now April Fool's Day is different. It's a day for jokes and tricks.

May, 1 was an important day in the Middle Ages. In the very early morning young girls went lo fields and washed their faces with dew. They believed this made them very beautiful for a year after that. Also on May Day young men of each village tried to win prizes with their bows and arrows, and people danced round the May­pole.

November, 5 is Guy Fawkes's Day. All over the country people built wood fires, or 'bonfires', in their gardens. On top of each bonfire there is a guy, this is a figure of Guy Fawkes. On November, 5 1665, Guy Fawkes tried to kill King James I. He and a group of his friends put a bomb under the Houses of Parliament in London. But the king's men found the bomb and Guy Fawkes. They took him to the Tower of London, where his head was cut off. Before November 5, children use guys to make money. They stand in the street and shout: "Penny for the guy".

Boxing Day is on December, 26. People usually gave "Christmas boxes" or gifts of money to servants on this day. Today many people still give a Christmas gift to papergirls and boys.

Christmas Day is the most popular holiday in Great Britain. It is celebrated on December, 25. On this day many people go to churches, open their Christmas presents, eat a Christmas dinner of roast turkey and Christmas pudding.

 

Notes:

a bowler hat - котелок

dew - роса

Maypole - Майский шест

to build a bonfire - устроить костер

to use a guy - использовать чучело

 

 

Topic 5

LONDON

 

Exercise 1. Study the following words and word combinations.

 

1. commercial – 2. separate boroughs – 3. numerous - 4. to concentrate – 5. the Old Bailey – 6. masterpiece – 7. cathedral – 8. royal – 9. Armour – 10. church – 11. architect – 12. Buckingham Palace – 13. to stretch – 14. Westminster Abbey – 15. to bury – 16. wealth – 17. luxury – 18. Trafalgar square – 19. representative – 20. priceless – 21. ancient – 22. financial – 23. neither … nor… – 24. Madame Tussaud’s museum – 25. wax – 26. musician – 27. shady avenues – 28. to float – 29. a pond - 30. unbelievable - 31. heavy traffic - 32. smoke – 33. a resident – 34. to be proud - 35. to be called - 36. cockneys – 37. hereditary – 38. an inhabitant -

коммерческий, торговый отдельный пригород многочисленный сосредоточиваться центральный уголовный суд шедевр собор королевский доспехи церковь архитектор Букингемский дворец простираться Вестминстерское аббатство хоронить богатство роскошь Трафальгарская площадь характерный, показательный бесценный древний финансовый ни … ни … Музей Мадам Тюссо восковый музыкант тенистые аллеи плыть пруд невероятный движение дым, копоть постоянный житель гордиться называться уроженец Ист-Энда наследственный житель

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.

 

LONDON

 

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. It covers more than 600 square miles and consists of 33 separate boroughs, including the City, the West End, the East End and houses of over 12 million people.

London is situated on the river Thames. The city is very old. It has more than a 20 century-old history.

The heart of London is the City – its commercial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are concentrated here, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live in the City but over a million come to work here. Two masterpieces are situated within the City: St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Tower of London. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conqueror. It was used as a fortress, a royal residence and a prison. Now it is a museum of Armour and the place where Crown Jewels are kept. St. Paul’s Cathedral, the greatest English church, was built in the 17^th century by a famous English architect, Sir Christopher Wren.

Westminster is the aristocratic official part of London. It includes Buckingham Palace where the Queen lives and the Houses of Parliament stretching for nearly 1000 feet along the north bank of the Thames. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as “Big Ben”. Westminster Abbey is the place where coronation of nearly all kings and queens has taken place. Many of them are buried here as well as some other famous people of the country (G. Chaucer, Tennyson, Newton, Ch. Dickens, T. Hardy, R. Kipling, etc.).

The West End is the richest and the most beautiful part of London. It is a symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks and houses are situated there.

Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in the memory of Admiral Nelson’s victory at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson’s Column stands in the middle of the square.

Opposite the Nelson’s monument there is the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. The National Gallery was founded in 1824 and shows a representative collection of great paintings from European schools. Not far from the National Gallery there’s the British Museum – the biggest Museum in London. It contains a priceless collection of different things (ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures, etc.). The British Museum is famous for its library (about 7 000 000 books).

The famous Tate Gallery was opened in 1897 with the financial support of Sir Henry Tate. The Gallery contains a unique collection of British paintings from the 16^th century to the present day.

There is a number of museums in London, which are neither art museums nor galleries. You are sure to know about Madame Tussaud’s Museum. It contains hundreds of wax figures, which are sculpture portraits of famous personalities, political figures, painters, musicians, sportsmen and even criminals.

You cannot leave the city without visiting Hyde Park. When you are walking along its shady avenues, sitting on the grass or watching swans and ducks floating on the ponds, it seems almost unbelievable that all around there is a large city with its heavy traffic and smoke.

The East End is an industrial district of London. There are many factories and the Port of London there. The East End is especially famous as the centre of the clothing industry in London and as the market place. Every Sunday morning it becomes one of the sights of London. Old residents of the East End are proud to be called cockneys, which means true Londoners, hereditary inhabitants of the area. They love the district very much.

 

 

Exercise 3. Answer the following comprehension questions.

1. What is the capital of Great Britain?

2. Is London a big city?

3. What is its population?

4. What river does London stand on?

5. What parts is London divided into?

6. Why is the City called the business centre of Lon­don?

7. What places of interest does Westminster include?

8. Who is buried in Westminster Abbey?

9. What is the West End famous for?

10. Why is the central square in London named Trafalgar Square?

11. Where is the National Gallery situated?

12. What do you know about the British Museum?

13. The East End is a working class area, isn't it?

14. What is situated in the East End?

15. Is London the city of big contrasts?

16. Would you like to live there?

17. What part of London would you like to live in?

 

Exercise 4. Complete the following sentences.

 

1. London is situated on the banks of the river...

2. The oldest part of London is ...

3. Its population is ...

4. The aristocratic official part of London is called ...

5. The symbol of wealth and luxury is ...

6. The industrial district of London is called ...

7. The well-known people of England are buried in ...

8. Most Government offices in London are situated in ... street.

9. The official residence of the Prime Minister is in ...

10. One of the busiest shopping centres in London is in ... street.

11. The place where the Monarch lives is called...

12. The place of meetings and demonstrations in London is called ...

13. In the middle of Trafalgar Square there is a ...

14. The museum which contains a great collection of pictures of different schools is called ...

15. The largest park in London is ...

16. Old residents of the East End call themselves...

 

 

Exercise 5. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Лондон — самый большой город в Европе. Он про­стирается почти на 30 миль.

2. Вместе с окраинами и пригородными районами город называется «Большой Лондон».

3. «Сити» — это старейшая часть города. Именно с этого места начал расти Лондон.

4. Во время второй мировой войны «Сити» был сильно разрушен.

5. Трафальгарская площадь — это то место, где обычно проводятся различные демонстрации.

6. Картинные га­лереи Лондона — богатейшие в мире.

7. «Сохо» — район города, где живут люди творческих профессий: художники, писатели, артисты.

8. В Британском музее содержится большое количество древних рукописей, мо­нет, скульптур.

9. Лондон гордится своими прекрас­ными мостами через Темзу. Из 15 мостов наиболее из­вестны - Лондонский мост, Тауэрский и Вестминстер­ский.

 

 

Exercise 6. Ask your friend:

 

- if he has ever been to London;

- if it is possible to see anything of London in one day;

- if he is interested in churches and cathedrals;

- if he knows the history of Britain;

- if Great Britain took part in World War II;

- if London was bombed during the war;

- if he knows famous theatres in London;

- what big University he knows in London;

- what places of interest he would like to see first.

 

 

Exercise 7. Make up sentences using the following key words:

 

(a 20 century-old history, to be concentrated, a palace, to include, to stretch, to be famous for, to take place, a geographical centre, at the battle of, to be populated by, to be called.)

 

 

Exercise 8. Retell the text, using your answers to the questions from the exer­cise 3 as a plan.

 

Exercise 9*. You are planning a visit to London for some Russian business­men. What would

you advise them to see in London?

 

 

Exercise 10*. Prove that:

 

· London is considered to be the largest cultural centre of the world.

· the City is the business centre.

· the East End is an industrial district.

Make use of the following expressions:
- I (really) believe (that)...

think

- In my opinion ...

- As to my mind ...

- As for me...

 

 

Exercise 11*. Read the text and learn about those places of interest you have not known before.

 

Buckingham Palace was made official London residence of the Sovereign by Queen Victoria. The Royal Standard flies when the Queen is in residence, but you are unlikely to see her unless an important occasion, such as royal wedding, brings the family out into the famous first-floor balcony. St. James's Palace was built by Henry VIII but did not become the principal royal residence until the end of the 17-th cen­tury.

The Victorian-Gothic Tower Bridge was opened in 1894. It is the most east­erly bridge on the Thames and one of the world's best-known bascule bridges, which still opens to allow tall ships to pass through.

Its fine collection of buildings including Wren's Royal Naval College, and old royal park, make Greenwich a very popular choice for day trips. The National Mari­time Museum was founded in 1934 and is the largest of its kind in the world. The famous Greenwich Meridian is in the Old Royal Observatory, so you can stand in eastern and western hemispheres at the same time.

The elegant Cutty Sark, last and fastest of the Victorian tea clippers, is now in permanent dry dock beside the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. On board there is a fascinating collection of photographs and figure heads.

Although it is such a large city, London still has identifiable "villages". One of the liveliest is Soho in Central London where the thriving Chinese community brings a distinctive flavour to the area. Gerrard Street is generally acknowledged as the centre of Chinatown. There are numerous Chinese restaurants, businesses and shops in the surrounding streets. Another centre of activity in Soho is Berwick Street, which hosts a noisy and hectic market every day except Sunday.

 

Notes:

Sovereign - монарх

Bascule Bridge - подъемный мост

clipper - клипер (быстроходное парусное судно)

hemisphere - полушарие

permanent – постоянный

dry dock - сухой док

fascinating - обворожительный, очаровательный.

 

Topic 6

RUSSIA

Exercise 1. Study the following words and word combinations.

1. to lie - 2. to be washed by - 3. to border on - 4. to vary from…to… - 5. a desert - 6. a valley - 7. a mountain chain - 8. pure - 9. a deposit of smth. - 10. oil - 11. iron - 12. lead - 13. diamonds - 14. mineral wealth - 15. non-ferrous metals - 16. the current population - 17. outskirts - 18. power - 19. a branch - 20. legislative - 21. executive - 22. judicial - 23. double-headed eagle - 24. to be exercised by - 25. to be performed by - 26. Federal Assembly - 27. Council of Federation - 28. State Duma - 29. to be headed by smb.- 30. to be elected by the people - 31. to belong to smth. (smb.) - 32. the Supreme Court - 33. census of the population - 34. national anthem -

лежать, находиться омываться (чем-либо) граничить с (чем-либо) варьировать, изменяться от чего-либо до чего-либо пустыня долина горная цепь чистый месторождение чего-либо нефть железо свинец алмазы запасы полезных ископаемых цветные металлы население в настоящий момент пригороды власть, держава ветвь (власть, как часть правительства) законодательный исполнительный судебный двуглавый орел осуществлять (-ся) кем-либо осуществлять (-ся) чем-либо Федеральное Собрание Совет Федераций Государственная Дума возглавляться кем-либо избираться народом принадлежать чему-либо, кому-либо Верховный Суд перепись населения национальный гимн

 

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.

 

RUSSIA

Russia is the largest country in the world. The current population is about 150 million people according to the last census of the population. Russia covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia.

Russia is washed by 12 seas and 3 oceans. The oceans are: the Arctic, the Pacific, and the Atlantic. The seas are: the White sea, the Okhotsk sea, the Black sea, the Baltic sea and others.

Russia borders on many countries such as Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China in the South-east, Finland and Norway in the north-west, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus and the Ukraine in the west, Georgia and Azerbaijan in the south–east.

The land of Russia varies very much from forests to deserts, from high mountains to deep valleys. The main mountain chains are the Urals, the Caucasus and the Altai. There are a lot of great rivers and deep lakes on the territory of Russia. The Volga is the longest river in Europe. The main Siberian rivers are the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena. The largest lakes are Ladoga and Baikal. Baikal is the deepest lake in the world (1600 meters) and its water is the purest on earth.

The climate in Russia is very diverse: it is cold in the north, severe and continental in the east, subtropical in the south and mild in the west.

Russia is rich in natural and mineral recourses. It has deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, iron, zinc, lead, nickel, aluminium, other non-ferrous metals, gold and diamonds. Three quarters of all the mineral wealth are concentrated in Siberia and the Far East.

There are many beautiful cities and small villages in Russia.

The capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow.

Russia is a highly industrialized agrarian country. Agriculture is a major branch of our economy. About 10 million people are engaged in agriculture. They produce grain, meat, milk and other dairy products. The farmers raise cattle, pigs, sheep, horses and poultry. They also grow wheat, rye, barley, oats, maize, potatoes, fruit and vegetables.

Russia is multinational parliamentary state. The head of the state is the President. The government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The president controls each of them.

The legislative power is exercised by the Federal Assembly. It consists of two chambers: the Council of Federation and the State Duma. The President and the members of the Federal Assembly are elected by the people for four years.

The executive power belongs to the Government - the Cabinet of Ministers. The government is headed by the Prime Minister.

Today the state symbol of Russia is a three-coloured banner. It has three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. The white stripe symbolizes the earth, the blue one stands for the sky and the red one symbolizes liberty. A new national emblem is a double – headed eagle. The national anthem of Russia is “the Patriotic song” by A.B Alexandrov and S.V Mikhalkov.

 

Exercise 3. Answer the following comprehension questions.

1. Where does the vast territory of Russia lie?

2. What oceans and seas is Russia washed by?

3. What countries does Russia border on?

4. What are the main mountain chains, rivers and lakes in Russia?

5. How can you characterize Russia’s climate?

6. What mineral and natural resources is Russia rich in?

7. What is the population of Russia?

8. What branches does the government consist of?

9. What is the legislative power exercised by?

10. What body does the executive power belong to?

 

Exercise 4. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Россия расположена в восточной части Европы и северной части Азии.

2. Обширная территория России омывается 12 морями и тремя океанами.

3. Россия граничит с Монголией, Китаем, Финляндией и другими странами.

4. В России имеется большое количество месторождений полезных ископаемых.

5. Полезные ископаемые России включают нефть, газ, уголь, железо, цинк, золото, алмазы, цветные металлы и другие.

6. Россия является крупным производителем нефти и природного газа.

7. Россия - парламентская республика с президентом во главе государства.

8. Исполнительную власть представляет кабинет министров, возглавляемый премьер-министром.

9. Законодательная власть в стране принадлежит Федеральному Собранию.

10. Судебная власть осуществляется Конституционным Судом, Верховным Судом и региональными судами.

11. Национальная эмблема России – двуглавый орёл.

 

 

Exercise 5. a) Transform the following sentences in English, changing the positive degree of the

adjectives into the comparative degree according to the model.

 

Model: Russia is rich in natural resources (Poland).

Russia is richer in natural resources than Poland.

1. The climate of Russia is cold in the North (in the South).

2. The Lena is a long river (the Volga).

3. The Caucasus are high mountains (the Carpathians).

4. Fresh – water lake Baikal is very deep (Ladoga).

5. Moscow plays a great role in the life of the country (St.Petersburg).

 

b) Transform the following sentences in English changing the positive degree of the

adjectives into the superlative degree according to the model.

 

Model: The Volga is a long river (in Europe).

The Volga is the longest river in Europe.

1. The Lena is a long river (in Russia).

2. Baikal is a deep lake (in the world).

3. Russia is a rich country in minerals (in the world).

4. Baikal water is pure (on earth).

5. Moscow is a big political centre (in our country).

Exercise 6. Put the following sentences into the active voice.

Model: An area of 17 million square kilometers is covered by Russia.

Russia covers an area of 17 million square kilometers.

1. Russia is washed by 12 seas.

2. Russia is linked by 3 oceans.

3. A great amount of minerals are exported by Russia.

4. The legislative power is exercised by the Federal Assembly.

5. The members of the Federal Assembly are elected by the people for four years.

6. The Government is headed by the Prime Minister.

7. Grain, meat, milk and dairy products are produced by the farmers.

8. The Russian Federation is set up by the Constitution of 1993.

9. Each chamber is headed by the Speaker.

10. The judicial branch is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and regional courts.

 

Exercise 7. Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences.

1. In Russia there are no long rivers and high mountains.

2. The climate of Russia is very mild.

3. About a third of the entire area of Russia is covered with forests.

4. Moscow is the capital of Great Britain.

5. Russia is not rich in mineral resources.

6. The Volga, the biggest river in Russia, flows into the Black sea.

7. Russia is not a parliamentary republic.

8. The executive power belongs to the State Duma.

9. The judicial power belongs to the system of courts.

10. The legislative power is exercised by the Constitutional Court.

 

Exercise 8. Study the plan of the text and use it in your retelling.

· Russia occupies the vast territory.

· Russia is washed by 12 seas and 3 oceans.

· It borders on many countries.

· The climate of Russia.

· Natural and mineral resources of Russia.

· The current population of Russia.

· The capital of the Russian Federation.

· Industry and agriculture in Russia.

· The state system of Russia.

 

 

Exercise 9*.

1. Prove that the climate of Russia is very diverse.

2. Compare the territory of Buryatia with that of Russia.

3. Explain how the state system of Russia differs from that of Great Britain.

 

Exercise 10*. Read the dialogues and say what new information you’ve got from them.

 

F.-foreign guest; R.- Russian man.

 

№ 1

F: We have been touring Russia for about two weeks and I must say it is a very, very large

country.

R: In fact, it is the largest country in the world.

F: And the second largest country in the world is Canada, by the way.

R: That’s right, but its population is about a twelfth of ours. Russia is the third largest state

in the world as to the number of people living in it.

 

№2

F: I have read Russia is very rich in natural resources and mineral deposits.

R: That’s right. We have rich deposits of coal, iron, ore, oil, gas, non-ferrous metals and so

on, in other words, all the elements of the Mendeleyev Periodical Table.

F: Yes, but the climate of your country is severe.

R: That isn’t correct. The climate is different in different parts of the country. On the same

autumn day, for example, there may be 25 degrees C (Centigrade) below zero in Taimyr

(the Arctic region of the country) and 25 degrees C above zero in Sukhumi (its tropical

region).

 

Exercise 11*. Read the text and say what holidays there are in Russia.

 

Holidays in Russia

New Year’s day is the first holiday in a year. It is very popular. There is a New Year tree in every house and in the streets. Father Frost and Snow… Christmas is renewed holiday in our country .It is celebrated on the 7th of… Day of Defender of Motherland is celebrated on the 23rd of February .We congratulate our fathers, grandfathers and…

Topic 7

MOSCOW

Exercise 1. Study the following words and word expressions.

1. frontier - 2. settlement - 3. prince - 4. to grow into a wealthy city - 5. under Ivan the Terrible - 6. to transfer the capital to - 7. to remain - 8. target - 9. to destroy - 10. the present day - 11. the seat of the government - 12. a major city - 13. engineering - 14. cathedral - 15. church - 16. monastery - 17. unique - 18. to be represented - 19. to cease - 20. fortress - 21. chime - 22. masterpiece - 23. magnificent - 24. to hold receptions - 25. in honour of foreign ambassadors - 26. the Tsar Cannon - 27. the Tsar Bell - 28. Cathedral of Vasily the Blessed - 29. Cathedral of Christ of Saviour - 30. shopping center - 31. to display - 32. relics - 33. millennium - 34. B.C. (before Christ) -

граница поселение, поселок князь превратиться в процветающий город при Иване Грозном перенести столицу в оставаться мишень разрушать современный местонахождение правительства крупный город машиностроение собор церковь монастырь уникальный быть представленным прекращать крепость бой часов шедевр великолепный устраивать приемы в честь иностранных послов царь Пушка царь Колокол собор Василия Блаженного собор Христа Спасителя торговый центр выставлять реликвии тысячелетие до нашей эры

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.

 

MOSCOW

Moscow is the capital of Russia, its administrative, economic, political and educational centre with the population of about 10 million people.

Its total area is about 1000 square kilometres. The city was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in 1147. At that time it was a small frontier settlement. By the 15-th century Moscow had grown into a wealthy city. In the 16-th century under Ivan the Terrible, Moscow became the capital of the state of Muscovy. In the 18-th century Peter the Great transferred the capital to St. Petersburg, but Moscow remained the heart of Russia. That is why it became the main target of Napoleon’s attack in 1812. During the war of 1812 three quarters of the city were destroyed by fire but by the middle of the 19-th century Moscow was completely rebuilt.

The present-day Moscow is the seat of the government of the Russian Federation. President of Russia lives and works here; governmental offices are located here, too.

Moscow is a major industrial city. Its leading industries are engineering, chemical and light industries.

There are a lot of beautiful palaces, old mansions, cathedrals, churches, monasteries and monuments in Moscow.

Moscow is known for its many historical buildings, museums and art galleries as well as for the famous Bolshoi, Maly and Art theatres. There are more than 100 museums in Moscow. The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery. The Tretyakov Gallery houses a unique collection of Russian painters. Almost all famous Russian painters are represented there. The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts displays cultural and artistic relics of various times and nations, from the 4-th millennium B.C. up to the present. Other unique museums in Moscow include the All-Russian Museum of Folk Arts, the Andrey Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art, Alexey Bakhrushin Theater Museum, Mikhail Glinka Museum of Musical Culture and many others.

Moscow has a large concentration of educational institutions, and its centers of higher education draw students from throughout Russia. Moscow Sate University (1755) is the leading educational institution. The city’s many specialized educational institutions include the Moscow Timiryazev Academy of Agriculture and the Moscow P.I. Tchaikovsky State Conservatoire.

The oldest part of Moscow is the Kremlin. This is the main tourist attraction in Moscow. The Kremlin stands at the heart of the city. The word “Kremlin” means “fortress” and the Moscow Kremlin used to be a fortress. Twenty towers of the Kremlin wall were constructed at the end of the 17-th century. By that time Moscow had already ceased to be a fortress. The towers were built for decoration and had no military significance. Five of towers were gates.

If the Kremlin is a symbol of Russia, then the Spasskaya Tower is the symbol of the Kremlin. It was built in 1491 and got its name from the icon of the Spas. The star-topped tower is 71 metres high. It is notable for its clock, whose melodious chimes are well-known to all those who listen to Moscow radio. At the first sight the clock does not seem very large but this impression is an illusion. Its diametre is 6 metres 12 cm and the figures are 72 cm high. The melody is produced by ten bells, the smallest of which weighs 320 kg and the largest – 2,160 kg.

Granovitaya Palata is a masterpiece inside the Kremlin wall. Moscow tsars held magnificent receptions in honour of foreign ambassadors there.

The Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell attract crowds of tourists too.

Outside the Kremlin Wall there is the famous Red Square. Tourists can look at the magnificent Cathedral of Vasily the Blessed, the Lenin Mausoleum and the monument to K.Minin and D.Pozharsky.

Moscow is growing day after day and is becoming more and more beautiful. Some old buildings are being repaired, a lot of new buildings appear in different districts of Moscow. Among the new sights that have appeared recently are the Monument in Poklonnaya Gora and the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in the centre of Moscow.

 

 

Exercise 3. Answer the following comprehension questions.

1. What is the role of Moscow in Russia?

2. When was Moscow founded?

3. When did it become the capital?

4. What is the history of Moscow?

5. What is Moscow known for?

6. Does the Tretyakov Gallery house a unique collection of Russian paintings?

7. What industries are there in Moscow?

8. What museums do you know in Moscow?

9. Why is Moscow called a city of science and learning?

10. Why is the Spasskaya Tower the symbol of Russia and Moscow?

 

 

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences.

1. Moscow is situated on the banks of the river...

2. Its population is...

3. One of busiest shopping centers in Moscow is ...

4. The place of meetings and demonstrations in Moscow is called ...

5. By the 15-th century Moscow had grown into ...

6. President of Russia lives and works in ...

7. Moscow has a large concentration of ...

8. The word “Kremlin” means ...

9. Granovitaya Palata is ...

10. The Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell attract ...

 

 

Exercise 5. Agree or disagree with the statements, making use of the following expressions.

 

- It is right ... - It is not right, I’m afraid…

- I agree that ... - On the contrary.

- I believe that ... - I wouldn’t agree with you here.

 

1. The capital of Russia, Moscow, was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in 1150.

2. In the 18-th century Peter the Great transferred the capital to St. Petersburg.

3. The towers of the Kremlin wall were built only for decoration.

4. Granovitaya Palata is a masterpiece, it is situated in St. Petersburg.

5. The present day St. Petersburg is the seat of the government of the Russian Federation.

6. The most popular museums in Moscow are the Tretyakov Gallery, the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the Andrey Rublev Museum of Early Arts.

7. The Tretyakov Gallery houses a unique collection of Eastern painters.

8. The word “Kremlin” means “palace”.

9. There are ten towers in the Kremlin.

10. Among the new sights are the Monument in Poklonnaya Gora and the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in the centre of Moscow.

 

Exercise 6. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Москва – административный, экономический, политический центр России и один из крупнейших городов страны.

2. Население Москвы – около 10 млн. человек, общая площадь – 1000 кв.км.

3. Москва была основана Юрием Долгоруким в 1147 году.

4. Из пограничного поселка Москва превратилась в процветающий город, столицу Московии.

5. Москва осталась центром России.

6. Москва – крупный промышленный город, город науки и образования.

7. 25 башен Кремлевской Стены были построены в 17 веке.

8. Москва знаменита своими художественными музеями, в которых размещаются уникальные коллекции произведений русских и зарубежных художников.

9. Кремль привлекает миллионы туристов каждый год.

10. Москва становится краше с каждым днем.

 

Exercise 7. Retell the text, using the following key-words.

 

Population, total area, wealthy city, to transfer, government, to locate, cathedral, church, city of science, to include, relics, tower, museum, theater, magnificent, monument, heart of city, to attract, to appear, to repair.

 

Exercise 8. Prove that:

1. Moscow is the political centre.

2. Moscow is the educational centre.

3. Moscow is famous for its places of interest.

4. Moscow is growing day after day.

 

Exercise 9*. Compare:

1. Moscow and any other city of our country.

2. Moscow and any foreign city you know.

 

Exercise 10*. Make up a short summary of the text.

 

Exercise 11. Act as a guide. What would you tell the tourists about Moscow? Where would you

take them first of all?

 

 

Exercise 12. Read the text and say what new information you have learned. Use the information

in the topic “Moscow”.

 

Moscow, the capital of Russia, is one of the biggest, industrial, scientific and cultural centres of the world.

Moscow is a modern cit. The number of streets constantly increases. The largest one is Leninsky Prospect, which is 15 kilometres long, and the widest one is Leningradsky Prospect. Moscow underground is one of the most beautiful in the world, it has about 2 hundred stations and is almost three hundred and forty kilometres long.

There are 9 railway stations in Moscow and 5 airports around the city. International Sheremetievo Airport is among them.

In the city there are many stadiums. One of them was built for the 22^nd Olympic Games in 1980, when Moscow was the host of the Games.

At the end of the University Prospect on the Lenin Hills there is a high building, the 32-storey Moscow University.

The city is famous for its parks, for its botany garden where hundreds of trees and plants from all over the world are gathered.

In the Alexandrovsky Garden there is the tomb of the Unknown Warrior. It is a simple memorial to the soldiers who died for the country in World War II.

There are many exhibitions and concert halls. The Tretyakov Art Gallery was named after the Moscow merchant and great lover of art Pavel Tretyakov, who spent most of his life and his sizable fortune on his collection. Not long before his death Tretyakov gave his collection to the city of Moscow. The Gallery reflects the history of Russia, the life and ideals of its people.

 

Topic 8

THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

  Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.  

THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

Nature of Buryatia is unique. One can find here high mountains, boundless steppes and gentle slopping hills. Over 75% of the territory is covered by… Buryatia is famous for Lake Baikal. It is the deepest lake in the world and… The climate of Buryatia is sharply continental, mostly dry with short, hot summers and long cold winters. Climate of…

II. Buddhism and Datsans.

In Russia Buddhism is represented by the Gelungpa School (“the School of Virtue”) which is a branch of Tibetan Buddhism of the Mahayana orientation,… The traditional Buddhism areas in Russia are Buryatia, Tyva, Chita and Irkutsk… Buddhism firmly established itself towards the end of the 17th century, having ousted shamanism, a set of traditional…

III. Holidays and Festivals.

Other festivities include Maidari, a midsummer Buddhist festival honoring the Buddha of the Future, and Surkharban, a sports competition featuring… Religious holidays of the Russian Orthodox church are also celebrated.  

Topic 9

ULAN-UDE

Exercise 1. Study the following words and word expressions.   1. be founded –

ULAN-UDE

It became the capital of Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Republic in 1923, and later in 1934 Verkhneudinsk was given a new name – Ulan-Ude. Nearly 400 000 people live here. Ulan-Ude is situated on the banks of the… The Sovietsky district is the administrative part of the capital. The central part is a historical, cultural and…

The Open-Air Ethnography Museum of Transbaikalia peoples.

The archeological complex exhibits tomb-stones, rock drawings - monuments of ancient times. The Evenk complex is a typical nomadic encampment of taiga hunters, fishermen… The East and West Buryat complexes give a vivid picture of the past life of Buryats.

Topic 10

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

1. Canada 2. Mexico 3. Alaska

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The USA is one of the largest countries in the world. It is situated in the central part of the North American continent. The area of the USA is… The population of the United States is about 300 million people, most of the… The continental part of the USA consists of four physical geographical parts: two highlands and two lowland regions.…

Topic 11

CANADA

Exercise 1. Study the list of the following geographical names.

1. the Rocky Mountains – 2. Superior - 3. Huron – 4. Erie – 5. Ontario – 6. the Mackenzie – 7. the Yukon – 8. the St. Lawrence River – 9. the Niagara Falls – 10. Toronto – 11. Montreal – 12. Ottawa – 13. Halifax – 14. Quebec -

Скалистые горы о. Верхнее о. Гурон о. Эри о. Онтарио р. Макензи р. Юкон река св. Лаврентия Ниагарский водопад г. Торонто г. Монреаль г. Оттава г. Галифакс г. Квебек

Exercise 2. Study the following words and word combinations.

1. frontier – 2. picturesque – 3. thinly populated – 4. Eskimo – 5. creative – 6. raw materials - 7. dog sleds - 8. tools - 9. tie – 10. dominion – 11. to gain – 12. maple -

граница живописный слабо населенный эскимос творческий сырье собачьи упряжки инструменты связь владение добиться клен

 

 

Exercise 3. Read and translate the text.

 

CANADA

Canada is the second largest country in the world after Russia. It has an area of nearly 10 million square kilometers. Canada is situated in North America. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast - by the Atlantic Ocean. Canada’s land frontier is only the USA.

The landscape of Canada is very picturesque and reminds that of Russia. There are mountains, high plains, low plains and great forests in the country. The main mountain chain is the Rocky Mountains that run parallel to the Pacific coast.

Canada is also a country of lakes. Besides the Great Lakes – Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie and Ontario, there are many other large lakes. The largest rivers are the Mackenzie, the Yukon and the St. Lawrence River. The Niagara Falls is one of the most splendid sights in the world and attracts lots of tourists. The Niagara Falls is growing into the wedding capital of Canada. Each year thousands of couples make the journey to Niagara to mark the beginning of a new life.

The climate of Canada varies from Arctic in the north to moderate in the east and west. Winter in Canada lasts from four to five months with heavy snowfalls. In fact, most of Canada’s territory is thinly populated, because of severe natural conditions.

About 28 million people live in the country. More than 40% of the population came originally from Britain, about 30% from France and 20% from other countries. Both English and French are the state official languages.

There are also about 300,000 Indians and 25,000 Eskimos, who live mostly in the North. It’s interesting to know, that the Eskimos are very creative men. Having few raw materials, they have invented a great number of things: tents, dog sleds, snowshoes and different tools.

Most of the people live in cities. Toronto and Montreal are the largest urban areas and industrial centers as well. The capital of the country is Ottawa.

Canada has a highly developed agriculture. The main agricultural products are wheat, meat, some kinds of fruit and dairy products. Canada is the world’s largest exporter of these products. Canada’s agriculture and fisheries provide material for the food industry. Its largest seaports like Montreal, Halifax and Quebec are the centers of export of canned meat and fish, furs, timber, metals, machines.

The country is rich in metal, ore, oil and gas. Machine building, motorcar and shipbuilding are highly developed. Being rich in forests, Canada is a great producer of wood for building, furniture and the production of paper.

Canada is a federal state and a member of the British Commonwealth of Nations. Formally the head of the state is the Queen of England, represented by the Governor-General, who is named by the Canadian cabinet. This symbolizes the country’s strong ties to Britain. The point is, that Canada was a British dominion. It was ruled by Britain until 1931, when Canada gained full independence. The leading figure in the political life is the Prime Minister. Canada consists of provinces.

Canada's national flag is the Maple Leaf.

 

Exercise 4. Answer the following comprehension questions.

1. Where is Canada situated?

2. What’s the territory of the country?

3. What is the main mountain chain in Canada?

4. What lakes and rivers are there in Canada?

5. Why is the most of Canada’s territory thinly populated?

6. What are the official languages?

7. What is the country rich in?

8. Who is the head of the state? Why?

9. Why does the landscape of Canada remind that of Russia?

10. What is the flag of the country?

 

 

Exercise 5. Agree or disagree with the statements.

1. Canada is the largest country in the world.

2. Canada borders only on the USA.

3. The climate of Canada is rather severe.

4. About 40 million people live in the country.

5. Toronto and Montreal are the largest urban areas.

6. Canada is the world’s largest exporter of wheat, meat, some kinds of fruit and dairy products.

7. The head of the state is the President.

8. Canada's national flag is the Maple Leaf.

 

 

Task 6. Prove the following statements:

1. The landscape of Canada is very picturesque.

2. The climate of Canada is rather severe.

3. Canada is a multinational country.

4. Canada is a highly developed industrial country.

5. Canada has strong ties to Britain.

 

Task 7. Make up a plan of the text. Retell the text according to it.

 

Task 8. (Work in pairs). Imagine that you work at a travel agency. Your client wants to go to

Canada. Explain him why Canada is worth visiting. Tell him everything you know about

Canada. Use the following sentences and word combinations:

· You‘ve made the right choice.

· It’s worth visiting Canada, because…

· As for the landscape, it …

· You will never forget …

· It’s interesting to know, that…

· Fancy that!

· By the way…

· I’d like to underline that…

 

 

Topic 12

AUSTRALIA

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.  

AUSTRALIA

Australia is an island continent situated south-east of Asia between the Pacific and Indian oceans. The Australian Commonwealth occupies the whole… Australia is mostly a plain. Its highest point, Mount Kosciusko, is 32 feet… The climate of Australia varies from warm to subtropical. Being in the southern hemisphere, Australia has summer, when…

Topic 13

NEW ZEALAND

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.  

NEW ZEALAND

New Zealand is situated in the southern part of the Pacific Ocean, about 2000 kilometres south-east of Australia. It consists of three large islands… New Zealand was opened by Tasman, a Dutch navigator, in 1642. From 1760… New Zealand is a mountainous country. Glaciers, fiords, pristine mountain lakes, hot springs, geysers, mud baths make…

Topic 14

ECOLOGY

What kind of planet will our children inherit? Will they have room to room, air to breathe and food to eat? Will they ever see an eagle

POLLUTION SOLUTIONS

Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems today. People dirty the air with gases and smoke, poison the water with chemicals and… Worldwide, air pollution problem has grown immensely. More and more factories,… Air pollution has already led to great atmosphere changes, such as ozone depletion, greenhouse effect. If it is not…

Lake Baikal

One can hardly find anything similar to Lake Baikal. It is called a lake of “superlatives” because it is the oldest lake – it is 20-30 million… Who named it Baikal? Some people believe that the name originated from Chinese… But as you know Baikal is being polluted.

Topic 15

STUDENT RESEARCH WORK

  1. research / research work – 2. researcher / research worker – 3. to carry out research work (to do research work) – 4.…    

MY RESEARCH WORK.

The students of our Academy have every opportunity to carry out research work because the laboratories and workshops are equipped with all necessary… Though the students of our Academy have quite favourable conditions for their… In the third year all senior students are usually busy with their undergraduate essays. They choose themes for their…