АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

КАЗАНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ А.Н.ТУПОЛЕВА (КАИ)

КАФЕДРА ВОСТОЧНЫХ И ЕВРОПЕЙСКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ (ВЕЯ)

ENGINEERING

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

 

 

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

 

 

Автор-составитель- Е.Ю.Лаптева, к.п.н., доцент кафедры ВЕЯ КГТУ им. А.Н.Туполева

Рецензенты:

Максудова Э.С.– заведующая кафедрой иностранных языков КГАСУ, к.ф.н., доцент;

Макарова О.Ю. -заведующая кафедрой иностранных языков КГМУ, к.п.н., доцент.

Данное учебное пособие представляет собой профильный курс английского языка для студентов технических специальностей. Основная цель курса - формирование коммуникативной компетентности студентов технических специальностей в сфере профессиональной деятельности; формирование базовых знаний об особенностях будущей профессии посредством английского языка. Основной задачей, решаемой в ходе изучения предлагаемого материала, является формирование навыка употребления профессионально значимой лексики адекватно ситуации речевого общения.

Особенностью курса является его гибкость, вариативность и заложенный в основу дифференцированный подход к обучению, что позволяет решать поставленные задачи в рамках одной группы студентов с разной подготовкой и мотивацией.

Курс построен на аутентичном материале. Изучение курса требует наличие базовых знаний английского языка.

Курс прошел успешную апробацию в группах ИАНТЭ КГТУ им.А.Н.Туполева.

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов и аспирантов технических специальностей; может быть использовано лицами с техническим образованием, желающим самостоятельно совершенствовать свои навыки владения английским языком.

I N T R O D U C T I O N

(ВВЕДЕНИЕ)

НАУЧНО - МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ

Приступая к разработке курса по английскому языку для студентов технических специальностей, мы руководствовались, в первую очередь, тем, что в… Согласно российскому образовательному стандарту, который сегодня в полном… Учитывая специфику технического вуза, основной акцент сделан на формировании навыка пользования языком в рамках…

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ И СТРУКТУРА КУРСА

СОДЕРЖАТЕЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ

- формирование коммуникативной компетентности студентов технических специальностей в сфере профессиональной деятельности; - формирование базовых знаний об особенностях будущей профессии посредством… Задачи:

СТРУКТУРНЫЙ АСПЕКТ

 

I N S T R U C T I O N S

Приступая к занятиям по английскому языку по данному курсу обучения, следует придерживаться следующих рекомендаций: 1. Любая деятельность должна представлять собой определенную систему. Таким… 2. Курс представляет собой упорядоченную систему. Таким образом, рекомендуется последовательное изучение модулей (тем)…

I hear and I forget,

I see and I remember,

I do and I understand.

A Chinese saying

 

ENGINEERING IN OUR LIFE

1. Match the following words (1, 2, 3) and their definitions (a, b, c): a practical application of scientific knowledge in the… 2. Translate the following sentences into Russian: 1. This car… 3. Read the following headlines (A, B, C and D). What do you think each paragraph will be about? A …

Match the words with their definitions.

11. Order the steps of solving problems: - evaluate the solution - define the problem - … What do we call this way of solving problems? 12. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Translate the idea, not a word for word: 1. These…

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

“ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

 

Part II

HISTORY OF ENGINEERING.

The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans thought up fundamental inventions such as a wheel. Each of these inventions is… The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from… Nowadays engineering is a large field which deals with problem solving process for the good of mankind. It is closely…

PROBLEM-SOLVING PROCESS

Engineers use their (1) __________ of science, mathematics, and appropriate experience to (2) __________ suitable solutions to a problem.… Usually there may be several reasonable solutions, so engineers must (4)… Engineers typically attempt to predict how well their designs will perform to their specifications prior to full-scale…

BEING AN ENGINEER

(01:02)

PRE-LISTENING

1. How can you characterize an engineer? What kind of person is an engineer?

2. Study the following words and phrases:

‘to disassemble’, ‘to take things apart’, ‘components’, ‘to run a test’,

‘vision’, ‘inaptitude’, ‘to lead a normal life’.

WHILE-LISTENING

3. What kind of video is this? - a documentary; - a comedy;

POST-LISTENING

12. What is the general idea of the track?

13. What do you think about this?

2. WHAT IS ENGINEERING?

(02:37)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What do engineers do in their profession? Use verbs to answer. For example – design, invent, etc…

2. What spheres of life do engineers deal with? Make a list.

3. What can a career in Engineering provide a person with?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the parts of the video-track and answer the following questions:

00:00 – 01:50

4. Order the spheres of life that engineers deal with which appear in the track.

5. Compare it to your own list. What didn’t you mention? What wasn’t mentioned in the track?

01:51 – end

6. What can a career of an engineer provide for a person according to the track?

7. Do you agree that Engineering is our future? Why?

POST-LISTENING

8. Watch the video again and try to make your own comments (you should make sentences to perform a small text about the video).

3. WHAT IS ENGINEERING ?

(A REAL VIDEO LECTURE)

(10:08)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is Engineering? Is Engineering for you? Why did you choose Engineering as a profession?

2. What may a lecturer speak about in the lecture “What is Engineering”?

WHILE-LISTENING

00:00 – 00:15 3. What is the main aim of the lecture? 00:16 – 00:53

POST-LISTENING

Try to summarize this lecture and make a small text (15 – 18 sentences) to comment on the following:

- What is the main aim of the lecture?

- What do engineers do every day?

- What does Engineering technology improve?

- What can we call engineers in other words?

- What are the attributes of a real engineer?

- What should an engineer be able to do?

- What does the word “design” mean?

- What product is it spoken about in this part?

- What are important aspects of design?

- What are measures of product design?

- What are the steps of a design process?

 

TYPES OF ENGINEERING

Part I 1. What do engineers do? Use verbs to answer. 2. Read the four parts of one text (A, B, C and D) and put them into the correct order (1, 2, 3 and 4). Do not pay…

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

“ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

 

Part II

MAIN BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING

  Civil divided buildings types chemical Electrical discipline roads telecommunications areas engineering engines systems… Engineering is a broad (1) __________ which is often (2) __________ into… Also, nowadays there are some other small sub-branches such as: aerospace engineering, (13) __________ engineering,…

CIVIL ENGINEERING

buildings bridges companies discipline engineering design engineer First the term “engineering” referred only to construction of military… Civil engineering is a professional engineering (2) __________ that deals with the (3) __________, construction and…

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Mechanics engineer Kinematics combination Engineering skills Thermodynamics field The inventions of Thomas Savery and the Scottish (1) __________ James Watt… The (3) __________ of mechanical engineering is a collection of many mechanical sub-disciplines. Some of these…

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Electrical engineering appeared in the 19th century with the invention of the electric motor in (1) __________ . The work of James Maxwell and… The modern Electrical (3) __________ covers a range of subtopics. The most… Usually electrical (9) __________ focus on one of these sub-disciplines, but sometimes they deal with a combination of…

ENGINEERING AND OTHER SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES

Chemical Engineeringdeveloped in the nineteenth century during the Industrial Revolution. Industrial manufacturing demanded new materials and new… Aeronautical Engineering deals with aircraft (2) __________. Its origins can… Forensic Engineering is the study of failed (4) __________ . It can help the product designer in evaluating his or her…

SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS

1) Is there any difference between an engineer and a scientist? 2) What is the way that connects engineering and science? 3) What is common… 4) When may an engineer become a scientist? 5) What is the main difference between engineering and science?

CIVIL ENGINEERING

(02:12)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Do you know the following words? Can you guess the meaning of any of them? Study the meaning of the words:

“hydraulic”, “principle”, “be involved into”, “supervision”, “schedule”, “to run a business” (=to manage, to control), “timetable”, “to complete”, “completion”.

2. What are the main three areas that Engineering can be broadly divided into?

3. Can these areas be divided again into sub-disciplines? Yes or No?

4. What does Civil Engineering deal with?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the parts of the video-track and answer the following questions:

00:00 – 01:03

5. Who and what is the speaker?

6. How many sub-disciplines does he mention?

7. What are they?

01:04 – end

8. What principles are used to create a design?

9. What activities are engineers involved into during their everyday life?

POST-LISTENING

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

(03:10)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Do you know the following words? Can you guess the meaning of any of them? Study the meaning of the words:

“application”, “broad” (field), “to encompass” (=to include), “power” “optic communication”, “to simplify”(=to make something easier to use), “to contribute”, light bulb”, “smoke-alarm”, “drought”, “age” – “aging”, “gadget”.

2. What does Electrical Engineering deal with?

WHILE-LISTENING

00:00 – 00:36 3. Who and what is the speaker? 4. What does Electrical Engineering deal with?

POST-LISTENING

15. Summarize the answers to the video and make your own text on the topic of Electrical Engineering.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

(03:29)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Do you know the following words? Can you guess the meaning of any of them? Study the meaning of the words: “aim”, “ability”, “to equip”, “a graduate”.

2. What does Mechanical Engineering deal with?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the parts of the video-track and answer the following questions:

00:00 – 00:39

3. Who and what is the speaker?

4. What does Mechanical Engineering deal with?

00:40 – 01:36

5. What are the sub-disciplines of Mechanical Engineering that are mentioned in the video-track?

6. Do Mechanical engineers work alone or together with engineers from other fields?

7. How often do Mechanical engineers solve problems?

01:37 – 02:32

8. What is the aim of teaching the discipline of Mechanical Engineering?

02:33 – 03:29

9. Where can the graduates with a degree in the Mechanical Engineering work?

POST-LISTENING

10. Summarize the answers to the video and make your own text on the topic of Mechanical Engineering.

 

 

MAKING THE RIGHT CHOICE

Part I

SECTION A

1. Look at the picture and answer the following questions:

 

1. Is it indoors or outdoors? 2. What kind of room is this? 3. What are the people on the picture? 4. Do you think they are just students or they work and study to improve education? Why? 5. What kind of a lesson is it? Why? 6. Do you think they are interested in this lecture? Why? 7. Do you think this lecture covers technical aspects?

 

Answer the following questions about yourselves. Compare your answers with a partner.

2. Is your course practical? Do you like this way of working? 3. How are you assessed? Do you think this is fair? (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 3, pg.4, ex.1)

Complete the following definitions (1-6) below with the highlighted words in the text.

  7. Guess the word as it is shown in the example:illsk = skill etrm …  

Guess the words from their definitions.

  10. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Translate the idea, not a…   1. He finished his foundation course 2 years ago. 2. “What are you doing…

Answer the questions (1-6) about your course and write a small text about it.

2. What qualification do you need? 3. What do you learn during the course? 4. How do you study?

Find the mistakes in spelling of the following words and correct them. Only one word is correct.

1.	an aplicant
2.	to pass exem
3.	a welde
4.	suitable for
5.	certifikate
6.	inteview
7.	fiting
8.	applikation form
9.	to pripare
10.	expirience

Guess the words from their definitions.

  7. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Translate the idea, not a…   1. You must apply for visa immediately. 2. I’m filling in an application…

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

“ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

 

Part II

1. WHY STUDY ENGINEERING?
(adapted from http://www.science-engineering.net)

A) Think of pluses of studying engineering and write down the list of advantages.

B) Now read the following text and fill in the gaps with a suitable word from the box.

C) Read the text again and compare your list of advantages with the list of advantages mentioned in the text.

Nowadays we can talk about engineering ‘globalization’. In many engineering activities we see a new kind of challenge emerging – international… Engineers have been at the forefront of turning time into a distinguishing… Engineers have often found themselves in (11) __________ positions in (12) __________ and manufacturing and are able…

Read the following texts and fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box.

People seek (1) __________ , engineering and (2) __________ courses for many reasons. Some have specific goals: they wish to cure diseases or combat… Engineering Students in the UK students engineering managed improve… According to figures published by the Higher Education Funding Council for England, UK universities are among the best…

CHOOSING A CAREER

(00:43)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What do engineers do in their career?

2. Why did you choose to become an engineer?

3. What makes people choose this or that career?

4. Do you know the following words? Can you guess the meaning of any of them? Study the meaning of the words: “choice”, “scientist”, “community”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

5. Who and what is the speaker?

6. What type of Engineering does he specialize in?

7. What made the speaker choose the Engineering career?

Watch the video again and fill in the gaps in the following text:

8.

When I thought about Civil (1) __________ as a possible career choice, that choice was mostly dictated by the (2) __________ that I had an (3) __________ insides Physics, Chemistry and (4) __________ but did not see myself as a (5) __________ . I wanted to be able to apply the (6) __________ of sciences in a (7) __________ way that could be (8) __________ to the community. And that’s what really sparked off my interests in (9) __________ Engineering as a career choice.

 

POST-LISTENING

9. Make a list of facts that may influence the choice of a Civil engineering career (Mechanical Engineering career, Chemistry engineering career, Electrical Engineering career). What is different and what do they have in common?

 

CHOOSING _______________ ________________ AS A CAREER

(02:01)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What do people have to think about when they choose their future career?

2. Do you know the following words? Can you guess the meaning of any of them? Study the meaning of the words:

“to apply something”, “to take things apart”, “to create”(“creative”), “to come up with (a solution)”, “to get involved”, “lab”= laboratory.

WHILE-LISTENING

3. What are the people talking about? Complete the heading. 4. How many speakers are there? Watch the video-track and answer the following questions:

POST-LISTENING

Make a list of things that a person who wants to become an engineer in the sphere of Engineering Technology must like / or be interested in / or be good at:

“A future engineer must … “.

 

 

MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

1. Do you know the following materials? Match the materials to their definitions below: glass plastic metal a type… What can be made of these materials? Which material is the best for dishes?

Study the table in exercise 3 again and complete the following table.

 

verbs	adjectives

Match the properties from the table (1-6) with their opposites below. Use your glossary or dictionary to help you.

heavy tough opaque rigid weak soft

	breaks easily
	clear
	easy to shape
	hard
	light
	strong

(“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 5, pg.6, ex.4)

 

Find as many materials in the following line as you can (11 words).

glassircementoptironsebrasssteelydimanplasticrzidiamondcopperonfibrealuminiumzincopl

Answer the following questions.

Which material… (or which materials…):

- is the strongest

- is/are easy to shape

- conducts electricity well

- is/are found in people and fruits?

- breaks easily

- can be mixed with water?

- is/are very light?

- doesn’t rust?

- can carry coded messages?

- is/are used in jewelry?

- is/are used in beer (or juice) production?

- is/are used a lot on a building site?

- is/are used in city advertising process

- is/are used in manufacturing of cars, buses, airplanes, etc?

- is/are widely used in cooking process?

- is/are used in industry to cut hard materials?

Look at the following materials and complete the table.

a cup, a car tyre, a frying pan, engineering tools, a mobile.   11. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences (1 – 12) with suitable words from the module.

Translate the following sentences into the English language. Give the idea of a sentence but not a word for word translation.

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

“ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

 

 

Part II

MATERIALS

Read the text and fill in the gaps with a suitable word from the box below.

A material can be anything: a finished product or a raw material. Raw (5) __________ are materials that are taken from the earth and (6) _________… In chemistry materials can be divided into metals and non-metals. Different…  

MATERIALS SCIENCE

Read the text a part by part. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word from the boxes below.

Materials science is a (1) __________ that studies the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and (2) __________ .…   properties science engineering technologies scientist Materials (7) __________ is a very old scientific discipline. In ancient times the choice of the material gave the…

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Read the following text quickly and match the headings from the box below to its parts (A, B, … H).

Plastic Brass Diamond Metals Glass Iron Alloys Cement

Read the text again and fill in the gaps with a suitable word from the boxes in each part.

This (1) __________ element is a good conductor of both electricity and heat. In chemistry, this (Ancient Greek métallon,… Metals occupy most of the periodic table, while non-metallic (3) __________… Metals are very corrosive – they (7) __________ in contact with water. Painting (or any other form of covering) is a…

Make a summary of this text. (List the materials mentioned and their main properties).

Try to make your own small text about properties of wood, gold (or any other material of your choice).

 

Part III

(… адрес интернет-странички с видеороликами…)

1. MATERIALS SCIENCE CENTRE - WHAT DOES IT DO?

(02:17)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What do material engineers do in their career?

2. What do you think is the aim of a Material Science Centre?

3. Do you know the following words? Can you guess the meaning of any of them? Study the meaning of the words: “research”, “equipment”, “capability”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video a part by part and answer the following questions:

00:05 – 00:24

4. What is Material Science Centre?

5. What does the Centre do?

00:25 – 00:37

6. What is the equipment the speaker is talking about used for?

00:38 – 00:45

7. What kind of equipment does the Centre have?

00:46 – 01:00

8. How many Universities in America have special equipment (or instruments for research) that the speaker is talking about?

01:11 – 01:41

9. What capabilities do these special instruments have?

POST-LISTENING

10. Do you think that people need to have such Scientific Centers? Why?

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

AT CLEMSON GRADUATE SCHOOL

(02:50)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What does materials science deal with?

2. Do you know the following words? Can you guess the meaning of any of them? Study the meaning of the words:

“to direct (= to be the head of)”, “faculty”, “equipment”, “microscope”, “to depend on”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video a part by part and answer the following questions:

00:00 – 01:36

3. What is the speaker’s name?

4. What is the speaker?

5. What is studied at this school?

6. What practical things do they do at this school?

8. What faculty is mentioned in the track?

01:37 – end

9. Where is the speaker?

10. What equipment is the speaker talking about?

11. Does the school have only one microscope?

12. What does the usage of different microscopes depend on?

POST-LISTENING

13. Who do you think will be interested in being a student at this school? Why?

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

AT PENN STATE (08:40)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What does materials science deal with?

2. Do you know the following words? Can you guess the meaning of any of them? Study the meaning of the words:

“simplified”, “to apply something”, “to manipulate”, “impact”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video a part by part and answer the following questions:

00:00 – 00:27

3. What is the main idea of this short introduction?

00:28 - 00:52

4. What is the most simplified definition of ‘materials science’?

5. Who and what is the speaker?

6. What does the Materials Science study according to the speakers?

the 1 speaker: __________

the 2 speaker: ___________

the 3 speaker: ___________

00:53 – 04:33

7. What are the spheres of usage of Materials Science research that are mentioned in this part of video?

8. What do they study and do on practice at Penn State?

04:34 – 05:10

9. What is the idea of interdisciplinary learning?

POST-LISTENING

10. Summarize the ideas of what materials science is, what it deals with, what it studies and why.

 

SMART MATERIALS

Part I

1. Read the following sentences below (1-3). What does the word ‘smart’ mean in each one (clever, fashionable, formal)?

1. He wore a smart suit to the meeting.

2. She’s the smartest girl in the class.

3. They stayed in a smart hotel in New York.

(“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 6, pg.7, ex.1)

2. a) Look at the title of the text. Do you think the materials are clever, fashionable, or formal?

B) Read the text and check.

- …появились первыми… - …дорогостоящая (смесь)… - …изначальная форма…

Complete the definitions (1-8) below with the highlighted words in the text.

6. Answer the following questions to the text: 1. How many types of smart materials are there? 2. Which type appeared first?

SMART MATERIALS (1)

Smart materials are (1) __________ that have one or more (2) __________ that can be significantly changed in a controlled manner by external… There are different (5) __________ of smart materials, some of which are…

SMART MATERIALS (2)

Science and (1) __________ have made amazing developments in the (2) __________ of electronics and machinery using standard materials, which do not…

SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS (SMA)

A. Applications of Shape Memory Alloys. B. What are Shape Memory Alloys? C. Advantages and Disadvantages of Shape Memory Alloys

SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT

(00:26)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Do you know the following words:

“wire”, “ice”, “to heat”, “to cool”, “hot”, “flame”, “soft”, “deformable”?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

2. What is the wire made of?

3. Why is it called “smart”?

4. How many stages can you divide the process on the video into?

5. Complete the following sentences about each stage of the process on the video:

a) We __________ the wire with __________.

b) The wire __________ soft and easily __________ .

c) We heat the __________ with a __________ .

d) The __________ turns to its __________ shape.

POST-LISTENING

6. Think of when and where this wire can be used?

 

 

SMART __________

(00:33)

Watch the track and answer the questions.

1. What type of “smart” material is it about? Complete the heading.

2. Why is it called “smart”?

3. What do you need to do to change the colour of the glass?

4. How can people use this “smart” glass?

 

 

FASHION METAMORPHOSIS

(02:30) – video, inscriptions

PRE- LISTENING

Think on the following:

1. What do we mean when we think about fashion?

2. What connection may there be between fashion and smart materials? How can smart materials be used in fashion?

WHILE- LISTENING

3. Watch the video, read and understand the inscriptions.

POST- LISTENING

4. Which do you think is the most useful usage of smart materials?

5. Which sphere would you invest to organize future researches and why?

 

 

MATERIALS ENGINEERING

(01:53)

PRE-LISTENING

11. What do materials engineers do in their career?

12. Why is it important to study the properties of materials?

13. Do you know the following words? Can you guess the meaning of any of them? Study the meaning of the words:

“alloy”, “shape memory alloy”, “green-energy”, “to reduce”, “pollution”, “surgery”, “research”, “to collaborate”.

WHILE-LISTENING

00:08 – 00:21 4. Who and what is the speaker? 00:22 – 00:31

POST-LISTENING

17. Make a summary of the video track.

 

TECHNICAL DRAWING

Part I

1. Put the following words in the correct order and read the sentence. How do you understand it? Do you agree to this statement?

 

worth is picture a thousand A words

Read the following text and think of the title to it.

-… чертежи… - … вручную… - … обеспечивали ясность проекта…

Complete the definitions (1-8) below with the highlighted words in the text.

1. ‘__________’ means having two halves the same shape and size.

2. ‘__________’ means made by a person.

3. ‘__________’ means to use something again.

4. A __________ is a person looking at something.

5. ‘__________’ means correct in every detail, with no mistakes.

6. __________ are pictures or drawings.

7. An __________ is a person who designs buildings.

8. ‘__________’ means always the same.

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 7, pg.8, ex.9)

Match the words with their definitions.

  To do something with objects in order to use them again ; we do this with plastic bottles, cans, etc.   …    

Make as more word phrases with the words in a) as you can. Do the same with the words in b)

А)

provide image information hand drawing expensive to save engineer advantage technical clear drawn by equipment symmetrical

 

B)

accurate experiment drawing board to provide to work at advantage expensive components symmetrical architect image by hand to change to draw information drawing viewer equipment technical

10. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Translate the idea, not a word for word:

	hand, to hand
1.	The letter was brought by hand.
2.	She handed the drawing to the boss.
3.	The original plan was drawn by hand.
4.	It’s slow and expensive to make technical drawings by hand.
	drawing
5.	He made a drawing of the object.
6.	She is good at drawing.
7.	He is interested in technical drawing.
8.	Nowadays technical drawings are done on computers.
	technical
9.	He has got technical education.
10.	You should have technical qualification if you want to get this job.
11.	He visited some technical classes last year but didn’t get any certificate.
12.	Would you like to enter a technical college?
13.	The train came late because of some technical problems.
	equipment
14.	We have already got all the necessary equipment.
15.	To fulfill this task we need some special equipment.
16.	What is basic drawing equipment?
17.	This company provides good electrical equipment.
	provide
18.	The management will provide your group with food and drink.
19.	Workers at factories are provided with tools.
20.	Equipment has already been provided.
21.	The group of young engineers has provided the company with a clear and reasonable solution.
22.	Students are provided with course-books.
	save
23.	Please, save this document in my folder.
24.	All important information should be saved.
	recycle
25.	We can recycle plastic bottles and cans.
26.	The process of recycling is rather complex.
	symmetrical
27.	Please make a symmetrical image of this object.
28.	Try to make this drawing more symmetrical.
	image
29.	The image of this new car is wonderful!
30.	We need to make a 3D image of this object.

 

 

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this part with the help of “ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

 

Part II

TECHNICAL DRAWING

‘Technical drawing’ is the (1) __________ of creating standardized (2) __________ by architects, CAD drafters, (3)__________ , and other… A technical drawing or (5) __________ is a type of (6) __________ and form of… The process of creating a technical drawing is called drafting. A person who does drafting is known as a…

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)

Today, the mechanics of drafting has largely been automated and accelerated through the use of (1) __________ systems. Computer-aided design is the… (6) __________ can be done in two ways: (7) __________ and (8) __________ ,…  

BASIC DRAWING BOARD TECHNIQUES

(02:37)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Do you know the words:

“label”, “heading”, “capital letter” (“capitals”)?

2. What drawing equipment do you know?

WHILE-LISTENING

3. The text is: a. a list of drawing equipment, b. instructions on basic drawing,

POST-LISTENING

8. What do the following words mean? Try to explain on your own:

compass, set square, to slide up and down

9. What are basic rules of drawing?

 

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

SECTION A 1. Have you ever visited a factory? Did you find out anything interesting… 2. Read the following text. What is the name of the company? A FACTORY TOUR 1. “Good morning. I’d…

Read the text again and decide if the sentences (1-6) below are true (T) or false (F).

The speaker …

	… is a teacher.	T	F
	… is talking about a factory system.	T	F
	… is talking about jobs in the factory.	T	F
	… is talking to other engineers.	T	F
	… is talking to students.	T	F
	… is a worker in the factory	T	F

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 8, pg.9, ex.2)

Read the text again and match the paragraphs (1-5) with the topics (A-E) below.

A	Background information
B	Rules for the factory visit
C	Benefits of the system
D	Welcome
E	Basic information about their system

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 8, pg.9, ex.3)

 

Read the text again and write short answers to the following questions.

2. Is manufacturing the second stage in the process? 3. Can CNC operate other machines? 4. Does the speaker like the system?

Match the words that are close to each other in their meaning. Use the glossary or your dictionary to help you.

education rule numerical to minimize error aim background digital advantage purpose to reduce benefit instruction to rule mistake to control

9. Match the following words to make phrases:

risk background digital information numerical rules benefits instruction to reduce important control television for workers of the project

Guess the word from its explanation.

  11. Find the words from the text and exercises in the following table (7…     a b c d e f g h i j …

Now read the text again and put the paragraphs from the newspaper article in the correct order.

3. Find the following expressions in the text: - … условия труда…; - … для легкого использования…;

Remember what Passive Voice is. Now change the sentences from ex.8 into Passive.

Read the following sentences and fill in the gaps with a verb from the box below in Passive.

SECTION C 1. Have you ever heard about a handmade car? Do you know where it is…

Look at the words below. Check the meaning of them in the glossary or your dictionary.

craftsmen highly-skilled skills traditional unique

Read the text again and complete it with the words from above.

3. Read the text again and find the equivalents to the following phrases in the text: - …компания семейного бизнеса…; - …современная технология производства…;

Read the text again and decide if the sentences (1-5) below are true (T) or false (F).

5. Find examples of Passive in the text and complete the table:   Simple Continuous Perfect Present …

Match the following words.

7. Read the texts from SECTION B (The Mini) and SECTION C (A Handmade car) again and put the following words into the table below. Some words may… * (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 10, pg.11, ex.4)

Compare the two cars using the words from the box above.

9. Why it takes longer to make a Morgan than a Mini?

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 10, pg.11, ex.5)

10. Which car would you like to have? Why? Which factory would you like to work in? Why?

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 10, pg.11, ex.6)

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this part with the help of “ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

Part II

NUMERICAL CONTROL

Read the following texts (A and B) and fill in the gaps with the following words:

steps digital computer numerical controlled production part Numerical Control systems design component original produce

A.

(1) __________ (NC) refers to the automation of machine tools that are operated by abstractly programmed commands. The first NC machines were made in the 1940s and 50s. Existing tools were modified with motors. These early mechanisms were designed into (2) __________ computers, and created the modern CNC – (3) __________ machine tools - that have revolutionized the (4) __________ process. In modern CNC (5) __________, end-to-end component design is highly automated using CAD/CAM programs. The programs (6) _________ a computer file that is interpreted to give the commands needed to operate a particular machine, and then loaded into the CNC machines for (7) __________ . Since any particular (8) __________ might require the use of a number of different tools - drills, saws, etc. - modern machines often combine multiple tools into a single "cell". In other cases, a number of different machines are used with an external controller and human or robotic operators that move the component from machine to machine. In either case the complex algorithm of (9) __________ needed to produce any (10) __________ is highly automated and produces a part that closely matches the (11) __________ CAD design.

B.

 

Computer-aided manufacturing industries components CAM body design engineers programs manufacturing

(1)__________ (CAM) is the use of computer-based software tools that assist (2) __________ and machinists in (3) __________ or prototyping product (4) __________ (or parts). CAM is a programming tool that makes it possible to manufacture physical models using computer-aided design (CAD) (5) __________ . CAM creates real life versions of components designed within a software package. CAM was first used in 1971. The first commercial use of (6) __________ was in large companies in the aerospace (7) __________ , for example “UNISURF”, and automotive, for example “Renault” for car (8) __________ and tooling.

 

THE MINI CAR

Fill in the gaps in the following text: madeCompany design was manufacturer production founded engines Production 1952 …   Part III

THE MINI GREAT CARS

(01:15)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Do you know the words:

“decade”, “icon”, “trend”, “crowd/crowded”, “highway”, “spirit”, “to handle”?

WHILE-LISTENING

2. What kind of video is this? 3. What is the main idea of the track? Watch the parts of the video and fulfill the tasks:

POST-LISTENING

8. Summarize the idea of the track in 4–6 sentences and present your summary to the class.

 

THE MINI CAR

(05:45)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What do you remember about the Mini from the previous videos?

2. Do you know the words: “significant”, “to launch”, “mile”, “influence”?

WHILE-LISTENING

00:45 – 01:39 3. What cars did the Mini leave behind? 01:40

POST-LISTENING

11. The whole text is:

- instructions on how to use the car;

- background information about the history of the car;

- interviews with craftsmen.

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Part I

1. Complete the statements below for you. Then compare your answer with the rest of the class. Which is the most popular way to learn?

When I learn to do something practical, I prefer …

a) … to see someone demonstrating it.

b) … someone to help me do it.

c) … to follow a diagram.

d) … to try and ask for help if things go wrong.

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 11, pg.12, ex.1)

Look at the picture and study the words in the box below. Label the computer components.

3. Study the verbs in the box below and complete the sentences (1 – 5). There is one extra verb that you do not need to use. connect… * (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 11, pg.12, ex.3) 4. Read the following instructions (1 – 6) and match them with the diagram.

Complete the instructions for connecting a DVD recorder to a TV set. Use the words in the box.

8. Find the mistakes in spelling of the following words and correct them. Three words are correct: 1. keybord   … 9. Find the names of computer components in the following table (6 words).…     a b c d e f g h i j …

PLUGS AND SOCKETS

(1) sockets risk connecting connect systems electric designed connector cable socket types connection electricity electrical Power plugs and(1)__________ are devices for (2) __________… An (3) __________ plugis an electrical (4) __________ with a contact pin that is connected to a (5) __________ . Wall…

Study the following information, try to understand it and remember it.

 

COMPUTER COMPONENTS

Read the following text and fill in the gaps. Use the words given in a box: automobiles 1960s personal computer individuals operating…   A (1) __________ is a machine that manipulates data according to a set of (2) __________ .

Part A.

2. What does “a character” mean when we speak about keyboards?

3. Why are keys pressed simultaneously sometimes?

4. What is the purpose of a keyboard?

5. What is responsible for “understanding” the keypresses?

6. Can a keyboard be used for entertaining?

Part B.
7.What is responsible for work of a computer mouse?
8. What are the operating parts of a computer mouse?
9. Why was it called “a mouse”?
10. What does an “integrated” mouse mean?
11. When did an integrated mouse appear?

Part C.

12. What is the main function of a microphone?

13. When did the first microphone appear?

14. What is the list of main ways of a microphone usage?

 

Part D.

15. What is the main function of a webcam?

16. What is the most popular use of a webcam?

17. What is needed for recording videos with the help of a webcam?

 

Part E.

18. What is a “monitor”?

19. What are different types of monitors?

20. What is the difference between modern and old-fashioned monitors?

 

Part F.

21. What is a “computer speaker”?

22. What kind of computer speakers does a laptop have?

23. Why do a laptop speakers produce a low quality sound?

24. What can you do to improve the sound of a computer?

 

Part G.

25. What is the main function of a printer?

26. How are printers connected to computers?

27. What can a printer be combined with?

28. What is an ordinary speed of a common printer?

 

COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Computer Engineering (also called Electronic and Computer Engineering, or Computer Systems Engineering) is a (1) __________ that combines both… Usual tasks involving computer engineers (8) __________ writing software and… Electrical engineering (sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering) is a field of engineering that…

HOW TO CONNECT ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

(01:50)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Read the words and their explanations; try to understand the meaning:

jack = electronic connection between two pieces of electrical equipment;

semi = half, ex. semi-circle, semi-automat;

wire = a piece of metal in the form of a thin thread that is used to carry electricity;

cord (US) = a kind of a cable to carry wires;

channel = ex: a TV station, a radio station, etc…;

to play back = to turn on the TV or recorder and watch or listen to something again.

WHILE-LISTENING

2. What is being connected? 3. What is the model of a camera? 4. Why are colours mentioned?

POST-LISTENING

Fulfill the following tasks:

7. Summarize the instructions on how to connect a camera to a TV or a computer.

8. Watch the video without audio and make comments.

9. Write the instructions on how to connect a photo camera to a computer, a microphone to a computer, a mobile phone to a computer, a DVD player to a TV, etc.

 

COMPUTER COMPONENTS

(02:18)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Do you know the following words: “visible”, “generation”, “integrate(d)”?

2. What computer components do you remember?

 

WHILE-LISTENING

Listen to the parts of the track without video and answer the following questions:

 

00:00 – 01:40

3. What is the order of computer components mentioned in the track?

4. Which is said to be the most visible part; the most important part?

5. How many speakers may there be?

01:40 – end

6. What is described in this part of the track?

7. What is laptop ideal for?

8. Who is laptop ideal for?

Listen to the whole track and watch the video.

9. What do the words “power button”, “laptop” mean? Where can you find a power button, a floppy disk, a DVD-ROM on a computer (on a laptop)?

10. What kind of mouse does a laptop have?

11. What are the differences between a computer and a laptop?

12. Listen, watch and write down the text.

POST-LISTENING

(the original): So, let’s see: which are the main components of a computer. Lovely. OK. The most visible part, the most… 14. Watch the video without audio and make comments on it.  

SAFETY EQUIPMENT

Part I

SECTION A

1. Read the sentences below. How do you say these things in your language? Where can you find these notices? What do we call this kind of sentences?

a) Wash your hands.

b) Beware of the dog.

c) Don’t throw litter!

d) Don’t lean out of the windows!

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 12, pg.14, ex.1)

2.

a) Look at the picture. What is this man? b) What safety equipment is he wearing? Study the following words and try to match a word and a piece of safety equipment. a hard hat goggles gloves ear defenders mask boiler suit safety boots c) Which words of the list are left?

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 12, pg.14, ex.2)

3. Study the following signs (a – k). Match the meanings (1 – 4) with the shapes (a – d) and colours (e – h).

	meaning	shape	colour
	You must not do this	a	triangle	e	yellow and black
	You must do this	b	circle with diagonal line	f	red and white
	There is a danger	c	square	g	blue and white
	This material is dangerous	d	circle	h	Orange and black

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 12, pg.14, ex.3)

4. Read the instructions and warnings (1 – 11) below. First, study any new words in the glossary or your dictionary. Then match the sentences with the signs (a – k) from ex.3.

	Be careful.
	Beware of industrial vehicles.
	Don’t smoke here.
	Don’t walk here.
	Risk of death.
	This material is corrosive.
	This material is explosive.
	This material is flammable.
	Wear a hard hat.
	Wear ear defenders.
	Wear goggles to protect your eyes.

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 12, pg.14, ex.5)

5. Choose the best word to complete the sentences (1 – 5) below.

1.	Petrol and oil are flammable/vehicles.
2.	Acid is flammable/corrosive.
3.	TNT and dynamite are corrosive/explosive.
4.	Wear a hard hat/goggles when you work with chemicals.
5.	You must wear a hard hat/goggles on a building site.

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 12, pg.14, ex.6)

Match the words with their definitions.

  A covering that you wear on your head, usually when you are outdoors. Special glasses that you…   7. Make up sentences using the given word and the verb “to protect” as it is shown in the example (0): 0 …

If it was difficult to you, match the following expressions to the situations.

Speak about alloys or implants, Improve your knowledge, Do it in a methodical way, Put on sunglasses, Use technical drawing equipment, Show it’s advantages, Interview all the candidates, Check the cable, Take plastic or aluminium, Compress it first, Design a new model, Improve your English, Use a computer, Mix water and cement.

Now try to think about similar answers of your own.

10. Do a crossword. What is hidden on the vertical highlighted line?           … SECTION B

S I G N S

2. Match the following key-word expressions to the signs (1-15) from ex 1: pour water smoke use lift eat use broken tools walk use… 3. What do these signs (1–15) from ex.1 mean? Make up a comment to each sign… 4. Now re-write the same sentences as it is shown below. There are some examples for you: No…

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

“ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

Part II

SAFETY ENGINEERING

  Safety engineering is an applied (1) __________ strongly related to… Safety-engineers take an early (2) __________ of a system, analyse it to find what faults can occur, and then propose…

SAFETY EQUIPMENT INSTITUTE (SEI)

  The Safety Equipment Institute (SEI) is a private, non-profit (1) __________… (7) __________ and consumers are assured that products having the SEI label have been manufactured to meet the (8)…

SAFETY EQUIPMENT

Read the following text and fill in the gaps. Use the words given in a box:   important protect protective environment injury “Personal (1) __________ equipment” (PPE) means practically the same as the term “safety equipment” (SE). It refers to…

Part C _______________________

material water laboratories from tools eyes used types protect adapt ground

This item is a form of protective eyewear that usually protects the eye area in order to prevent particulates, infectious fluids, or chemicals from striking the eyes. They are used in chemistry (20) __________ and in woodworking. They are often (21) __________ in snow sports as well, and in swimming. For example, when swimming, goggles protect the eyes against (22) __________ . Goggles are often worn when using power (23) __________ such as drills or chainsaws to prevent flying particles from damaging the eyes.

There are different (24) __________ of goggles. The requirements for goggles depend on their type and the way they are used. For example:

- goggles for cold weather must have two layers of lens to prevent the interior (25) __________ becoming "foggy";

- goggles for swimming must be watertight to prevent water (such as salt water when swimming in the ocean, or chlorinated water when swimming in a pool) from irritating the (26)__________ . They must allow swimmers to see clearly underwater;

- goggles for tools must be made of an unbreakable (27) __________ that prevents chunks of metal, wood, plastic from hitting the eye;

- goggles for welding must be made of an unbreakable material to protect the eyes from glare and flying sparks and hot metal splashes while using;

- goggles for motorcycle riding and other open-air activities must prevent insects, dust, and so on from hitting the eyes;

- goggles for laboratory and research must combine impact resistance with side shields to prevent chemical splashes reach the eyes. May also include laser protection;

- goggles for winter sports must (28) __________ the eyes from glare and from icy particles flying up from the (29) __________ .

- goggles for astronomy and meteorology must be dark to be used before going outside at night, in order to help the eyes (30) __________ to the dark.

Part D _______________________

plastic construction foot indicates certification symbols injury

This is a kind of shoes that have a protective reinforcement to protect the (31) __________ from falling objects or any other kind of (32) __________ .

The reinforcement is usually made of a composite material, or a (33) __________ such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Safety boots are important in the (34) __________ industry and in many industrial settings. Professional safety boots usually need (35) __________ . Sometimes the certification is displayed directly on the boots. In Canada, for example, certified boots have a Canadian Standards Association green triangle on them. In the United States most safety shoes have (36) __________ on the outside, to indicate the kind of protection the shoe offers. For example:

- Green Triangle indicates that it is a class 1 toe cap with puncture resistant sole;

- Yellow Triangle indicates that it is a class 2 toe cap with puncture resistant sole;

- White Square (with ohm symbol) indicates electrical protection;

- Yellow Square (with SD) indicates anti-static protection;

- Red Square (with C) (37) __________ electrically conductive protection;

- Fir Tree indicates protection against chain-saws.

Part E _______________________

noise object invented manufacturers protection building

This item is an (38) __________ designed to cover person's ears for (39) __________ . They were (40) __________ in the 19^th century. They consist of a thermoplastic or metal head-band, that fits over the top of the head, and a pad at each end, to cover the external ears. Each ear-cap contains special material to reduce (41)__________ . Ear defenders may be carried on a head-band or clipped onto the sides of a hard hat, for use on (42) ___________ sites. Nowadays some (43) __________ combine headphones with ear defenders, allowing the worker to listen to a music and also enjoy protection from external noise.

Now answer the following questions about the text above:

Part A

1) What are the spheres of usage of helmets?

2) What are helmets made of?

3) What is a visor?

4) What does a hard hat protect you from?

Part B

5) What are the two terms for a piece of clothing that protects our body?
6) Do only men wear boiler suits?

7) What are boiler suits usually made of? Why?

Part C

8) What are the spheres of usage of goggles?
9) What are the requirements for industrial goggles?

Part D

10) What are safety boots used for?
11) What is the purpose of certification of safety boots in the USA?
12) How many colours are used in US certification of safety boots? What are they?

Part E

13) When were ear-defenders invented?
14) What is special about modern types of ear defenders?

 

Part III

(… адрес интернет-странички с видеороликами…)

1. ________________________________

(00:57)

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

1. What is the main idea of the track?

2. Think of the title to the track

THE 3 VIDEOs

(Video 1, Video 2, Video 3)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What pieces of safety equipment do you remember?

2. What do we need each of these pieces of safety equipment for?

3. Who usually needs to use safety equipment?

WHILE-LISTENING

VIDEO 1 – “WELDING SAFETY EQUIPMENT” (02:46) Watch the first video and answer the following questions:

POST-LISTENING

18. Compare safety equipment of these three professions. Which pieces of safety equipment are used by each of these workers and which are special? Is there any piece of equipment that wasn’t mentioned, but you think it is important for the particular job? Why?

SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR CAVERS

Watch the video and answer the following questions: 1. What safety equipment does the caver have? 2. What other pieces of safety equipment may a caver need?)

PROFESSIONAL DISEASES

Part I

1. What do you think is Repetitive Strain Injury? How do you understand the phrase? What is the equivalent phrase in your own language?

Read the following text and match the headings (A-D) with the paragraphs (1-3). There is one extra heading that you do not need to use.

3. Read the text again and find the English equivalents to the following expressions: - … любой человек… - … находятся в зоне максимального риска…

Match the highlighted words in the text with the meanings (1-6) below.

	a danger
	can be moved into different shapes or positions
	signs of an illness
	stop something happening
	to make an illness better
	without tension or strain

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 13, pg.15, ex.3)

Match the following words.

 

Look at the diagram and match the labels (a-g) with the correct items (1-7).

7. Answer the questions to the text above: 1. What does the term “RSI” stand for? 2. Who are at the most risk… 8. Study the table “Parts of human’s body” below. Try to understand the…   ankle the part of your body where your foot joins your leg …

Now check your answers.

10. Remember the following words that can help you explain different parts of human’s body: front/back – спереди/сзади; below/above – снизу (ниже)/сверху (выше);

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

“ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

 

Part II

REPETITIVE STRAIN INJURY

Now read the text and fill in the gaps with the following words: activity instrument pain strain tool arm keyboard feeling injury … A. ___________________________ : Repetitive (1) __________ injury (RSI), also known as Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD), is a professional overuse…

KEYBOARD ERGONOMICS

(0:39)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Do you remember the following words:

“wrist”, “straight”, “angle”, “to relieve”, “blood flow”, “to twist”, “adjustable”?

2. Do you understand the word “ergonomics”?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video without inscriptions and fulfill the following tasks:

3. What is the main idea of the track?

4. Use the following words to make sentences about the video: old-fashioned, develop, prevent, ergonomic.

Watch the video and read the inscriptions. Try to understand them.

5. Translate the inscriptions. Give the idea, but not a word for word translation.

POST-LISTENING

Watch the video without inscriptions:

6. Try to comment on each episode. Use the following words:

00:01 – wrist (hand), position

00:04 – straight, angle, inwards

00:08 – reduce pressure, risk

00:12 – vertically

00:17 – raise, blood flow

00:21 – natural position

00:26 – comfortable, standard keyboard

00:30 – adjustable keyboard

 

 

2. ______________________________________ ?

(01:23)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Do you know the following words:

“individual”, “staff”, “user”, “disability”, “needs”, “customize”, “properly”.

WHILE-LISTENING

2. What title can be given to the track? Listen to the parts of the track without video and answer the following… 00:00 – 00:12

POST-LISTENING

8. Why do people suffer RSI?)

9. Why is “the Goldtouch solution” called an “RSI-guard”?

10. Why is “the Goldtouch solution” so unique?

RSI - PREVENTION

(01:53)

PRE-LISTENING

Answer the questions:

1. How can we prevent RSI?

2. What things can help us prevent RSI?

3. Do you know the following words:

“to click”, “to skip”, “instead of”, “to match”, “behaviour”, “restriction”, “customizable”.

WHILE-LISTENING

4. What is the idea of the whole text? Listen and watch the parts of the video and answer the following questions: … 00:00 – 00:39

POST-LISTENING

14. Which of the above mentioned RSI-preventing helpers are the most useful and why?

15. Can you think of any other RSI-preventing helpers?

16. Would you like to have such RSI-preventing helpers on your computer and why?

 

REPETITIVE STRAIN INJURY

(08:04)

PRE-LISTENING

Remember the answers to the following questions:

1. What is RSI?

2. Why do people suffer RSI?

3. What are the symptoms of RSI?

4. How can we prevent RSI?

5. What are the rules of using a computer in order to prevent RSI?

6. Do you know the following words:

- “ be familiar” (= to know), “overuse”, “precaution”, ‘behaviour”, “onset”,” vital” (= very important), “height”, “length”, “pillow”;

- body movements – “turn”, “bend”, “interlock”, “shrug”, “move”, “place”, “push”, “stretch”, “twist’, “fold”, “pull”, “circle”, “join”, “raise”;

- “forward”, “backward”, “upward”, “downward”, “inward”, “outward”, “sideways”.

7. While watching the video find the meaning of the following words – “pad”, “fist”.

WHILE-LISTENING

00:00 – 00:58 8. “What are usual repetitive tasks that cause RSI”? 9. Fill in the gaps in the following part of the text:

POST-LISTENING

20. What do the words “pad” (03:06 – 03:12) and “fist” (06:06 – 06:11) mean?

21. How many parts can the video be divided into?

22. What headings can be given to each part?

 

 

OPTICAL FIBRES

Part I

1. What properties do optical fibres have? Where are optical fibres used?

Read the following text quickly and choose the best title A, B or C.

3. Read the text again and match the headings (A–E) below with the paragraphs (1-5). A Training and skills B … * (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 14, pg.16, ex.3) 4. Which paragraphs describe advantages of optical fibres and which describe disadvantages?

Complete the definitions (1-9) below with the highlighted words in the text.

Guess the words from their definitions and find them in the text.

illsk = skill bleca dlehan ppcoer teigni calopti widthband remetdia …

Study the following words and make as many word phrases as you can.

Try to make sentences about optical fibres with the matched word phrases from ex.10.

Fill in the gaps in the following sentences (1-20) with the words from the box below.

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this part with the help of “ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.    

OPTICAL FIBRE

  Types Usage Joining together Description History   Now read the text again a part by part and fill in the gaps with the words from the boxes in each part:

FIBRE CABLE

(00:24)

PRE-LISTENING

14. What is optical fibre used for?

15. What are the spheres of usage of optical fibre?

16. What is optical fibre made from?

4. Study the meaning of the following words:

jacket = an outer cover around something (ex. - a pipe)

buffer = a protector = a thing that protects something more important

cladding = a covering of a hard material, used as protection

core = the most important and central part of something

Which of these words have a similar meaning and generally one purpose?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

5. How many elements does the cable in the track consist of?

6. What are they?

POST-LISTENING

7. Try to remember the elements of the cable and tell about its structure without watching the video.

 

 

OPTICAL TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY

(01:35)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is optical fibre?

2. What is optical fibre used for?

3. What are the advantages of optical fibre usage?

4. Do you know the following words? Study the meaning of the words:

“network”, “data”, “to consume”, “fluctuation”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

00:00 – 00:46

5. Why is it a growing need for the development of optical communication network?

6. What bandwidth is being discussed nowadays as the way to upgrade the existing system?

7. When did the development of the world first 40Gbps-technology begin?

00:47 – 01:05

8. Who and what is the speaker?

01:06 – end

9. How is the optical transmission module characterized?

10. How much electricity does it consume?

11. How many modules of this kind have been produced?

12. Why was a test organized?

POST-LISTENING

    There is a growing need for the optical (1) __________ network with larger data transmission (2)__________ . Optical…  

HOW THE OPTICAL FIBRE SYSTEM WORKS

(02:47)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is optical fibre?

2. What is optical fibre used for?

3. Can you explain what “optical fiber system” is?

4. Can you think of how many elements are involved in this system and what are they?

5. Do you know the following words? Study the meaning of the words:

“a medium”, “to simplify”, “setting”, “to code (information)”,

“to encode/to decode”.

WHILE-LISTENING

6. What is the optical fiber called by the speaker? 7. What analogy is used to simplify the idea of an optical fibre… 8. What historical event is mentioned in the track?

POST-LISTENING

14. Try to make your own summary of the video track and tell about the process of how optical fibre system works.

4. HOW DOES OPTICAL FIBRE WORK?

(03:33)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Do you know the following words? Study the meaning of the words:

“to spell”, “solid”, “to extend”, “angle”, “to coat/to be coated”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

2. Why does the speaker mention Britain and America?

3. Why did the speaker draw a triangle on the board?

4. Where is the principle of a prism used? What for?

5. What is the idea of a prism called?

6. At what angle does the idea of a prism work?

7. Do we have the same situation with optical fibres?

8. Can we say that optical fibre is a tube?

9. Why are the optical fibres coated?

10. What is the most common use of optical fibres?

11. What other sphere of usage is mentioned?

POST-LISTENING

12. Watch and listen to the video track again. Try to understand everything the speaker is talking about. Try to make a summary of what he tells.

 

TUNNELS, DAMS AND CANALS (CHANNELS)

Part I

 

1. How many different dams or tunnels can you think of?

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 15, pg.17, ex.1)

Read the text quickly and decide which structure it describes.

  3. Read the text again and find the English equivalents to the following… - … более чем…

Read the text again and answer the questions (1-9) below.

1.	Where is it?
2.	What is it?
3.	How long is it?
4.	Who built it?
5.	How did they build it?
6.	What are TBMs?
7.	How big are TBMs?
8.	How long did it take to build the tunnel?
9.	When did it open?

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 15, pg.17, ex.3)

First, underline the question words in ex. 4. Then use them to complete the following questions.

1.	………… many Roman roads are there in Europe?
2.	…………… designed St Paul’s Cathedral in London?
3.	…………… is the name of the famous bridge in San Francisco?
4.	…………… was the Eiffel Tower built?
5.	…………… is the Corinth Canal?

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 15, pg.17, ex.4)

6. Find in the text from ex.2 the words that show places (= define where the things are) or direction.

Fill in one of the words below into the gaps in the following texts. Check the meaning of any new words in the glossary or your dictionary.

across around between over through under

 

The Panama Canal is a 64km waterway (1) __________ the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Before the canal was opened, ships had to travel thousands of miles (2) __________ South America. To build the canal, engineers had to dam a major river, and dig a channel (3) __________ a mountain ridge. Tower Bridge is an openable bascule bridge, designed by Horace Jones in 1886. It goes (4) __________ the River Thames in London. Thousands of vehicles drive (5) __________ it every day. Tall ships cannot pass (6) __________ Tower Bridge, instead, the roadway parts and lifts to let them through.

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 15, pg.17, ex.5)

 

Try to make questions about the Kazan Underground and the Kazan Millennium Bridge (use ex. 4 as an example). Then try to find answers to the questions.

9. Try to make small texts about the Kazan Underground and the Kazan Millennium Bridge. Use the following words and phrases:

was built, highly-skilled engineers, opposite sides, specially designed, enormous machines, TBMs, to dig the tunnel, a rail tunnel, was opened, went through, over the river, between two sides, drive across the bridge, under the bridge, etc.

Make as many word phrases with the words from the box below as you can. An example is given.

to dig dam passenger tunnel team vehicle opposite enormous under seabed canal between to build ridge

Example: to dig: to dig a tunnel, to dig a hole, etc.

Match the words from the box in ex.10 with their definitions below.

12. Fill in the gaps with one suitable word from the module: 1. Look at this dam! It’s ………. !!! 2. A… 13. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Translate the idea, not a…

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

“ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

 

 

Part II

TUNNELs

Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the words from the boxes below.

A tunnel may be for pedestrians (= people who are walking in the street) or cyclists; for general road traffic; for motor (4) _________ only; for… In the United Kingdom, a pedestrian tunnel or other underpass under a road is… The central part of a rapid transit network is usually (8) __________ in tunnels. To allow non-level crossings, some…

A TUNNEL BORING MACHINE (TBM)

Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the words from the boxes below.

Tunnel boring (4) __________ are used as an alternative to drilling and blasting (D&B) methods in rock and conventional 'hand mining' in soil. A… There are various TBMs that can (12) __________ in a variety of conditions,… Until recently the largest TBM built was used to bore the Green Heart Tunnel (Dutch: Tunnel Groene Hart) as part of…

Read the text again and answer the following questions.

1. What is the main purpose of usage of TBMs?
2. What are the methods of excavating a tunnel?
3. Why are TBMs used more often than other methods of tunneling?
4. How large are modern TBMs?
5. How many components do modern TBMs have?

DAMs

Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the words from the boxes below.

Early dam building took place in Mesopotamia and the Middle East. Dams were used to control the water (4) __________ . Mesopotamia's weather… One of the earliest (5) __________ is situated in Jawa, Jordan, 100km… Roman dam construction was characterized by the Romans' ability to plan and (6) __________ engineering construction on…

Types of dams

1) International standards define large dams as higher than 15–20 meters and major dams as over 150–250 meters in height. The (16) __________ dam in… 2) Purposes include providing water for irrigation to a town or (17)… A saddle dam is an auxiliary dam constructed to confine the reservoir created by a primary dam either to permit a…

CANALs

Read the following text. Try to understand it. Use your dictionary if necessary. Make up 8 – 10 questions to the text. Let your classmates answer your questions. Check the answers.

Canals are human-made channels for water. There are two types of canals:
- Aqueduct canals that are used for the delivery of fresh water, for human consumption, agriculture;
- Waterway canals that are navigable transportation canals used for carrying ships and boats loaded with goods and people, often connected to existing lakes, rivers, or oceans. Included here are inter-ocean canals such as the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal.

The word "canal" is also used for a city-canal in cities such as Venice, Amsterdam or Bangkok.

Smaller transportation canals can carry narrow-boats, while ship canals allow seagoing ships to travel to an inland port (e.g.: Manchester Ship Canal), or from one sea or ocean to another (e.g.: Caledonian Canal, Panama Canal).

At their simplest, canals consist of a trench (= a long narrow hole that is dug in the ground for water to flow along) filled with water. Depending on the stratum the canal passes through, it may be necessary to line the cut with some form of watertight material such as clay or concrete.

Canals need to be leveled. Different methods of solving this problem exist nowadays.

The oldest known canals were irrigation canals, built in Mesopotamia circa 4000 BC, in what is now modern day Iraq and Syria.

In ancient China, large canals for river transport were established as far back as the Warring States (481-221 BC), the longest one of that period being the Hong Gou (Canal of the Wild Geese), which according to the ancient historian Sima Qian connected the old states of Song, Zhang, Chen, Cai, Cao, and Wei. By far the longest canal was the Grand Canal of China, still the longest canal in the world today. It is 1,794 kilometres (1,115 mi) long and was built to carry the Emperor Yang Guang between Beijing and Hangzhou. The project began in 605 and was completed in 609.

In the Middle Ages, water transport was cheaper and faster than transport overland. This was because roads were unpaved and in poor condition; so greater amounts could be transported by ship. The first artificial canal in Christian Europe was the Fossa Carolina built at the end of the 8th century. More lasting and of more economic impact were canals like the Naviglio Grande built between 1127 and 1257.

Canal building progressed steadily in Germany in the 17th and 18th centuries with three great rivers, the Elbe, Oder and Weser being linked by canals. In post-Roman Britain, the first canal built appears to have been the Exeter Canal, which opened in 1563. The oldest canal built for industrial purposes in North America is Mother Brook in Dedham, MA. It was constructed in 1639 to provide water power for mills. In Russia, the Volga-Baltic Waterway, a nationwide canal system connecting the Baltic and Caspian seas via the Neva and Volga rivers, was opened in 1718.

Modern uses

A movement that began in Britain and France to use the early industrial canals for pleasure boats, such as hotel barges, has began very popular. In… The Seine-Nord Europe Canal is being developed into a major transportation… Canals have found another use in the 21st century, as ducts for fibre optic telecommunications networks.

Cities on water

Amsterdam was built in a similar way, with buildings on wooden piles. It became a city around 1300. Other cities with extensive canal networks include: Delft, Haarlem and Leiden… Inland canals have often had boats specifically built for them. An example of this is the British narrow-boat, which…

THE CHANNEL TUNNEL (1)

(01:12)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is a tunnel?

2. Why do people build tunnels?

3. What special equipment is used to build tunnels?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

4. What does the Channel Tunnel connect?

5. When did the project start?

6. How long did the construction last?

7. How much does the project cost?

8. How many workers were employed for the project?

9. When was the Tunnel opened?

10. What is its length?

11. How long is the journey through the Tunnel by car?

POST-LISTENING

12. Make the summary of the video-track.

13. Find information about any other tunnel to answer the same questions.

 

 

THE CHANNEL TUNNEL (2)

(04:41)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What information do you remember about the Channel Tunnel?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video, read the inscriptions and find the answers to the following questions:

2. Which places (towns) in Britain and France exactly does the Tunnel connect?

3. Which Tunnel is the longest in the world?

4. When did the idea of a construction appear first?

5. What was Albert Mathieu’s plan?

6. What organizations were involved into the construction?

7. What capacity do the terminals have?

8. What should be taken into account by engineers before starting a construction of a tunnel under a channel?

POST-LISTENING

9. Find information about any other tunnel and make a report to the class about it.

T B M

(00:39)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What does the abbreviation ‘TBM’ stand for?

2. What is TBM?

3. Who can operate TBM?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

4. How long is the TBM shown in the track?

5. Which two things (objects) is this TBM compared to?

6. How big is TBM shown in the track?

7. How heavy is it?

8. What does this TBM do?

POST-LISTENING

9. Watch the video without audio and make your own comments.

TUNNEL BORING MACHINE

(04:00)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is the main purpose of TBM? (to bore the ground)

2. Do you know the following words? Study the meaning of the words:

“to press”, “to rotate”, “pressure”, “to chip”, “conveyer belt”, “protective roof”, “arch”, “football pitch”.

WHILE-LISTENING

3. A broken rock falls into a bucket wheel. The automotive device presses the rock. Vertical and…   Watch the track again and answer the following questions:

POST-LISTENING

9. Summarize everything you know about TBMs.

A DAM - THE WONDER OF THE WORLD

(01:13)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is a dam?

2. What is the common use of a dam?

3. Do you think that dams are interesting for tourists to visit? Why?

4. Study the meaning of the word ‘sundial’:

‘Sundial’ = a device used outdoors, especially in the past, for telling the time

when the sun is shining.

Do you believe that a dam can be a sundial?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

5. What country is this dam situated in?

6. Why is the dam considered to be an interesting place to visit?

7. How is the time shown?

8. Which colour is used for a.m. hours; which is for p.m. hours?

9. What time range can be seen on the dam?

10. What is the aim of this ambitious project?

POST-LISTENING

11. Make up your own comments on what you have just seen. Would you like to visit the place? Why?

UC DAVIS NEWSWATCH. DAMS

(01:54)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is a dam?

2. What is the common use of a dam?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

3. Where is the dam situated?

4. What does this dam provide?

5. Who and what is the speaker?

6. Is he for or against new dams? Why?

POST-LISTENING

7. Which of the above mentioned aims of a dam is the most important one? Why?

CHINAS YANGTZE DAM

(03:03)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Where do people construct dams?

2. What for is this usually done?

3. What is the common use of a dam?

4. What problems may a construction of a dam provide?

5. Do you know the following words? Study the meaning of the words: “displacement’, ‘debate’, ‘income’.

WHILE-LISTENING

00:00 – 00:33 6. Where is this picturesque place situated? 7. What kind of construction is shown in the track?

POST-LISTENING

19. Comment on the problem discussed in the track.

CANAL MIRAFLORES

(01:20)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is a canal?

2. Which famous canals do you remember?

3. Do you know the following words? Study the meaning of the following words:

“marvel” = something that is wonderful or that surprises you.

“lock” = a part of a canal where the level of water changes. Locks have gates at each end and are used to allow boats to move to a higher or lower level.

“to appreciate” = to enjoy something or to understand the value of something.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

4. What is the name of the Canal? Complete the heading.

5. What part of the world is the Canal situated in?

6. How long is the Canal?

7. What oceans are mentioned in the track? Why?

8. What is the height that the ships are raised?

9. Where exactly is the Miraflores Lock situated?

10. What is special about this Lock?

11. Who was this film made by?

POST-LISTENING

12. Would you like to appreciate the process of ship passing through the lock?

 

 

THE HISTORY OF PANAMA CANAL (1)

(03:55)

THE HISTORY OF PANAMA CANAL (2)

(08:17)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Try to remember everything you know about the Panama Canal.

WHILE-LISTENING

2. Watch the two videos. Try to understand any other facts about the Canal.

POST-LISTENING

3. Summarize everything you know about the Canal and make a report to the class.

 

 

SCIENTIFIC IVENTIONS

Part I

1. What types of energy do you know?

2. What is used to:

- provide light

- power an old-fashioned clock

- heat buildings

- drive a car

- power a modern watch

- recharge batteries

- ride a bicycle

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 16, pg.18, ex.1)

 

Read the following text quickly and choose the correct answers to the questions below.

* (the text is from: “Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 16, pg.18, ex.3) 4. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following expressions: - …проблема заключалась в том, что…

Answer the questions to the text.

2) When did this clever idea come to Trevor Baylis mind? 3) What was the reason for this clever idea? 4) Why did only few people in Africa have televisions or radios?

Match the following words with their definitions below.

  The ability to be very active or do a lot of work without getting tired. Energy that can be…  

Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with one suitable word from this module.

 

Translate the following sentences from English into Russian. Give the idea, not a word for word translation.

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

“ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

 

Part II

A WIND-UP RADIO

A (1) __________ radio (or windup radio) is a radio that is (2) __________ by human muscle power rather than batteries or the electrical grid. In… Like other self-powered (7) __________ , clockwork radios were intended for… Newer crank-powered radios that do not use clockwork, but are designed for emergency, use often included flashlights,…

TREVOR BAYLIS - A FAMOUS INVENTOR

Read the following text quickly and match the headings from the box with parts of the text.

Fame Sport achievements The main invention Personal details Business activity Early life Inventions

Read the text again and fill in the gaps. Use the words from the boxes in each part.

A ___________________________

energy inventor AIDS powered operate radio batteries Africa invented

Trevor Graham Baylis is an English (1) __________ . He is best known for inventing the wind-up (2) __________ . Instead of using (3) __________ or external electrical source, the radio is (4) __________ by the user winding a crank for several seconds. This stores (5) __________ in a spring which then drives an electrical generator to (6) __________ the radio receiver. He (7) __________ it in response to the need to communicate information about (8) __________ to the people of (9)__________ .

B ___________________________

instructor School born college UK company mechanical skills

Trevor Baylis was (10) __________ on 13 May 1937 to Cecil Archibald Walter Baylis and Gladys Jane Brown in Kilburn, London. He grew up in Southall, Middlesex, and attended North Primary (11)__________. His first job was in a Soil Mechanics Laboratory in Southall where a day-release arrangement enabled him to study (12) __________ and structural engineering at a local technical (13)_________ .

C ___________________________

A keen swimmer, he swam for Great Britain at the age of 15. He narrowly failed to qualify for the 1956 Summer Olympics. When he was 20 he started his National Service as a physical training (14) _________ and swam for the Army and Imperial Services during this time. When he left the army he took a job with Purley Pools, the (15) __________ which made the first free-standing swimming pools. Initially he worked in a sales role but later in research and development. His swimming (16) __________ enabled him to demonstrate the pools and drew the crowds at shows, and this led to forming his own aquatic display company as professional swimmer, stunt* performer and entertainer, performing high dives into a glass-sided tank. With money earned from performing as an underwater escape artiste in the Berlin Circus he set up Shotline Steel Swimming Pools, a company which supplies modular swimming pools to schools in the (17) __________ .

D ___________________________

motor people invent prototype original mechanism television wind-up production information workshop

Baylis' work as a stunt man made him feel kinship with disabled people through friends whose injuries had ended their performing careers. In 1985 this involvement led him to (18) __________ and develop a range of products for disabled (19) __________ called Orange Aids.

In 1991, he saw a (20) __________ programme about the spread of AIDS in Africa and that a way to stop the spread of the disease would be by education and (21) __________ using radio broadcasts. Before the programme had finished he had assembled the first (22) __________ of his most well-known invention, the (23) __________ radio, in his (24)__________ . The (25) __________ prototype included a small transistor radio, an electric (26) __________ from a toy car, and the clockwork (27) __________ from a music box. He patented the idea and then tried to put it into (28)__________ , but was met with rejection from everyone he approached.

produce investors programme generation Design 1992 solar

The turning point came when his prototype was featured on the BBC TV (29) __________ Tomorrow's World in April 1994. With money from (30) __________ he formed a company Freeplay and in 1996 the Freeplay radio was awarded the BBC Design Award for Best Product and Best (31) __________ . In the same year Baylis met Queen Elizabeth II and Nelson Mandela at a state banquet, and also travelled to Africa with the Dutch Television Service to (32) __________ a documentary about his life. He was awarded the 1996 World Vision Award for Development Initiative that year. Baylis filed his first patent in (33) __________ . 1997 saw the production in South Africa of the new (34) __________ Freeplay radio, a smaller lighter model designed for the Western consumer market with a running time of up to an hour on twenty seconds of winding. This radio has since been updated and now includes a (35) __________ panel so that it runs in sunshine without winding.

E ____________________________

ideas battery interviews provides invent protect inventors based company

Numerous tours, (36) __________ and television appearances have followed, and Baylis has been awarded many honours including the OBE in 1997, and eleven honorary degrees from UK universities (1998 to 2005) including the degree of Doctor of the University from the Open University in 2001. In 1999 he received the coveted Pipe Smoker of the Year Award for his invention of the Freeplay radio from the British Pipesmokers' Council, which honours famous pipesmokers. He continued to (37) __________ , and in 2001 he completed a 100 mile walk across the Namib Desert demonstrating his “electric shoes” and raising money for the Mines Advisory Group. The "electric shoes" use piezoelectric contacts in the heels to charge a small (38) __________ that can be used to operate a radio transceiver or cellular telephone.

F ____________________________

Following his own experience of the difficulties faced by (39) __________ , Baylis set up the Trevor Baylis Foundation to "promote the activity of Invention by encouraging and supporting Inventors and Engineers". This led to the formation of the (40) __________ Trevor Baylis Brands PLC. The company (41) __________ inventors with professional partnership and help; enables them to develop new (42) __________ ; tries to (43) __________ them; helps them to find the rout to market. Their primary goal is to secure license agreements for inventors, but they also consider starting up new companies around good ideas. The company is (44) __________ in Richmond, London.

G ___________________________

Baylis has lived on Eel Pie Island for many years; he regularly attends jazz performances at the noted Eel Pie Island Hotel. He is single and is a smoker. Baylis was diagnosed with Crohn's disease in 1971; part of his small intestine has been surgically removed.

*a stunt = a very difficult or dangerous thing that somebody does to entertain people.

 

3) Now read the text again and put the following facts from Trevor Baylis’ life in the order of appearance in the text.

 

He felt sympathy for disabled people.
He was physically fit when he was young.
At first it was difficult to begin production of his wind-up radio.
Businessmen helped him to put his invention into practice.
He had got some basic technical skills.
Now he is the owner of a company that helps other inventors.
He worked with a European company.
There has been another interesting invention in his life.
He worked as a seller for some time.
Nowadays solar energy is used to power the radio.
He likes music.
The original prototype of the invention included 3 elements.
He entertained people in order to earn money.
He doesn’t have family.

 

 

Part III

(… адрес интернет-странички с видеороликами…)

ALL ABOUT ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

(01:59)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What types of energy do you remember?

2. Do you think that nowadays technical progress produces negative influence on our environment? Why?

3. What should be done to save our environment? Make a list of your own.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

4. Find the English equivalents to the following expressions:

- солнечные батареи

- энергосберегающие лампы

- альтернативные источники энергии

- строительная компания

- мусор

- сваливать мусор

- загрязнять воздух

- не имеет значения

- энергия приливов

- сохранение источников энергии

- человечество

- найти способ

5. What should be done to save our environment? Compare the list of things in the video-track with your own one.

POST-LISTENING

6. Make a summary of the video-track.

2. HOW SOLAR ENERGY PANELS WORK ?

(01:14)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is ‘solar energy’?

2. What are solar panels used for?

3. Why are solar panels becoming so popular?

4. Do you know the following words: “cell”, “layer”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

5. What is the sunlight made of?

6. What are these ‘packets of energy’ called?

7. What does a solar panel consist of?

8. What material is used in solar panels?

9. How is an individual cell designed?

10. Why are those layers needed?

11. What helps electrons to move from a panel to a bulb?

12. What is ‘the flow of electrons’?

13. What are the examples of usage of solar panels shown in the track?

POST-LISTENING

14. Think of some other ways of possible usage of solar panels.

AN ECO-RADIO

(00:44)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What does ‘eco’ mean?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

2. What powers this unit?

3. What does this unit do?

POST-LISTENING

4. Where can we use this unit? Would you like to have one?

 

A WIND-UP RADIO

(01:29)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What does ‘a wind-up radio’ mean?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

2. What can power this radio?

3. What are the elements of this radio? Where are they situated?

POST-LISTENING

4. Where can we use this radio? Would you like to have one?

 

 

TREVOR BAYLIS ECO-MEDIA PLAYER

(01:37)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Who is Trevor Baylis?

2. What is he famous for?

3. What does ‘eco’ mean?

4. What does ‘media player’ mean?

 

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

5. How many years ago did Trevor Baylis invent the clockwork radio?

6. What country did he invent the radio for?

7. What kind of problem was there in Africa?

8. What is his original idea?

9. Complete the following phrase that Trevor says: “Welcome to the next ………”.

10. What are the parameters of work of the invented player?

POST-LISTENING

11. Summarize everything you know about this eco-media player. What are its characteristics?

 

 

6. TREVOR BAYLIS – AN INVENTOR

(04:37)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is Trevor Baylis famous for?

2. What country was his invention for?

3. What kind of problem was there in that country?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video and answer the following questions:

4. Why did he start his own company?

5. What are the questions that he asks himself before producing assistance to inventors?

6. What is a “Dragons’Den”?

7. Does Trevor think that the art of invention can be taught?

POST-LISTENING

8. What advice can be given to a person who wants to invent something?

 

 

ROBOTS IN OUR LIFE

Part I

1. How many senses have you got? What are they? Why are they important?

Match the verbs in column A with the parts of the body in column B and the sense nouns in column C.

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 17, pg.19, ex.2) 3. What is the difference between ‘see’ and ‘look’, ‘hear’ and ‘listen’?

Read the text again and put the sentences and phrases (a-g) below in the correct places (1-7).

  6. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following expressions… - …мы можем поблагодарить…

Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with one suitable word from the box below.

Translate the following sentences from English into Russian. Give the idea but not a word for word translation.

 

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

  Part II 1. THE WORD ‘ROBOT’ AND ITS ETYMOLOGY

A ROBOT IN A MODERN WORLD

A robot is an automatically guided (1) __________ which is able to do tasks on its own. The word robot can refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents,… Stories of artificial helpers and companions and attempts to (3) __________ them have a long history but fully…

TYPES OF ROBOTS

At present there are 2 main (1) __________ of robots, based on their use: general-purpose autonomous robots and dedicated robots. General-purpose autonomous robots are robots that can (2) __________ a variety… Robots can be (6) __________ by their specificity of purpose. A robot might be (7) __________ to perform one…

THE USAGE OF ROBOTS

Match the headings from the box below with the gaps in the following text.

- (1) __________. Over the last three decades automobile factories have become dominated by robots. A typical factory contains hundreds of… - (2) __________ . Industrial robots are also used extensively for palletizing… - (3) __________ . Mass-produced printed circuit boards (PCBs) are almost exclusively manufactured by pick-and-place…

POTENTIAL PROBLEMS

Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may come when (1) __________ and robots are smarter than humans. He calls this "the Singularity."… Fears and concerns about robots can be found in a wide range of books and (3)…  

ROBOTICS

Robotics is a new science connected with the design, (1) __________ and software maintenance of robots. Nowadays robotics is paid great attention by… A person involved in the process of robotics development is called a… Universal Robotics, Inc, is one of software engineering (8) __________ that develops, (9)__________ , and supports an…

A ROBOTIC SPACECRAFT

A robotic spacecraft is a spacecraft with no (1) __________ on board, that is usually under telerobotic control. A robotic spacecraft designed to… The first space mission, Sputnik 1, was an artificial satellite put into Earth… The USA achieved its first successful space probe launch with the orbit of Explorer 1 on 31 January 1958.

PRE-LISTENING

2. What is a robot?

3. Why do people design robots?

4. What is a simple robot made of?

5. Study the following words:

“manipulator”, “to hide/hid/hidden”, “underneath”, “customer”, “mine”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video-track and answer the following questions:

5. What do robotic engineers do?

6. What type of a robot is spoken about in the track?

7. What does such kind of robots consist of?

8. Where is the controller of this robot?

9. What functions must a robotic engineer perform?

10. What are possible applications of robots that are mentioned by the speaker?

11. How does the speaker characterize possible applications of robots? What adjective does he use?

POST-LISTENING

12. What is robotic engineering? Use the answers to the questions above and make a small text about robotic engineering.

 

INDUSTRIAL ROBOT

(01:28)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is ‘industrial robot’?

2. What tasks can an industrial robot perform?

3. Do you know the following words? Study their meaning:

“dexterity” = skill at doing things, especially with your hands;

“appliance” = a piece of equipment for a particular purpose in the house.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video-track and answer the following questions:

4. What are the main types of industrial robots that are mentioned in the text?

5. What are the advantages of using a robot instead of manual welding?

6. What can robotic welding provide?

7. What is the result of robotic welding?

8. Where are industrial robots mostly used?

POST-LISTENING

9. Why are industrial robots becoming so popular in modern manufacturing? Use the answers to the questions above to answer this question.

ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS

(01:06)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is a robot?

2. What is an ‘industrial robot’?

3. What is robotics?

4. What do robotic engineers do?

5. Do you know the following words:

“sophisticated”, “stock exchange”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video-track a part by part and answer the following questions:

00:00 – 00:22

6. What is RTS (Robotic Technology System)?

7. What does RTS specialize in?

00:23 – 00:39

8. Fill in the gaps in the following passage with the words you hear:

 

… A recognized (1) __________ in a chosen (2) __________ RTS operates (3) __________ , supplying (4) __________ and innovative (5) __________ for life science drug discovery, food (6) __________ applications, and (7) __________ and support (8) __________ in the nuclear industry. …

00:40 - end

9. What do engineers of this company help their clients to do?

10. What financial organization does RTS cooperate with?

POST-LISTENING

11. Do you know any other international organization of the kind? Get ready to speak about it.

ROBOTS WITH THE MIND OF THEIR OWN

(01:35)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is a robot?

2. What is a simple robot made of?

3. How does a robot operate?

4. Do you know the following words? Study their meaning in your glossary or dictionary:

“(to) swarm”, “artificial”, “alongside”.

WHILE-LISTENING

00:00 – 00:20 5. Fill in the gaps in the following passage with the words you hear: … 00:21 – 00:44

POST-LISTENING

12. Do you think that robots have their own mind? Why?

13. Do you think that people should be afraid of robots with their own mind in future? Why?

GADGETS

Part I

1. Look at the pictures (1-4). Can you guess what the things on the pictures are? Answer the following questions:

- What are they made of?

- Which is the most expensive?

- Which is the cheapest?

 

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 18, pg.20, ex.1)

 

Read the descriptions (A-D) and match them with the pictures (1-4).

Read the texts (A-D) again and match the sentences (1-6) below with the gadgets.

4. Read the text again and find the English equivalents to the following expressions: - … устройство (приспособление)… - … полезная информация …

Complete the definitions (1-7) with the highlighted words in the text. Use the glossary or your dictionary to help you.

1.	A ……… is a good thing.
2.	A ……… is a triangular block of glass.
3.	……… are the pieces of glass you look through.
4.	……… holds/attaches with air pressure.
5.	……… is a type of plastic.
6.	……… means ‘hidden’.
7.	To ……… means ‘to change direction’.

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 18, pg.20, ex.4)

Now complete the definitions (1-8) with the words from the text.

  a perfect   around a useful   … 9. Make a list of 5 gadgets that you use. How useful are they? Put them in… 10. Think of a gadget that you often use. Don’t name it. Describe it to your classmates. Try to answer the following…

Search the Internet or other sources to find the most strange and unusual gadgets. Tell about them to your class.

 

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

“ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

 

Part II

GADGETS

Read the following text and fill in the gaps. Use the words from the boxes below.

The origins of the word "gadget" trace back to the 19th century. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, there is anecdotal evidence… Today, the term is widely used in a variety of (7) __________ and activities.… In the (13) __________ industry, "gadget" refers to computer programs that provide (14) __________ without…

Match the names of gadgets from the box below with the gaps (1 - 15) in the text.

The series was a co-production between DIC Entertainment (now Cookie Jar Entertainment) in France (the main headquarters did not move to the US… In 1999, it was (c) __________ into a live-action Disney film starring Matthew… The most commonly used gadgets are: Gadget (1) ‘__________’: This lowers down out of his hat and over his eyes.…

THE LATEST TECHNOLOGY GADGETS

(02:40)

PRE-LISTENING

6. What is a gadget?

7. What latest gadgets can you name? Make a list.

8. Which from your list is the most important for you? Why?

9. Study the following words and phrases:

“to project”, “to magnify”, “(to) clip”, “magnetic field”.

WHILE-LISTENING

5. How many gadgets are described in the text? Watch the video-track a part by part and answer the following questions: 00:00 – 00:47

POST-LISTENING

26. What gadgets shown in the track, do you think, are of great importance?

27. Why do people design gadgets?

28. What kind of gadget would you like to be designed?

VW TOUAREG GADGETS

(02:30)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is a gadget?

2. What gadgets do cars usually have?

WHILE-LISTENING

3. What can you do with the VW Touareg gadget that is shown in the track? You can… A B C set the disposition…

POST-LISTENING

4. Think of similar sentences about other car gadgets. What can you do with … ?

You can … .

THE BEST JAMES BOND GADGETS

(04:52)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Do you know James Bond? Do you remember any of films with him? Do you remember any of gadgets that he used?

2. Do you know the following words and phrases:

“mission”, “to crack”, “a missile”, “spectrum”, “a gun”, “space”,

“to discover”, “to prevent”, “to break out”, “to accompany”,

“to identify”, “to seize a control”, “water supply” .

WHILE-LISTENING

3. How many gadgets that were used by James Bond are described in the text? 4. What are they? Watch the video-track a part by part and answer the following questions:

POST-LISTENING

23. Which of these gadgets is/are of most importance? Why?

24. Which of these gadgets is/are widely used nowadays?

 

BRIDGES

  1. Why do people build bridges? Where are bridges usually built? 2. Read the text quickly and choose the correct answers to the questions below. Don’t pay attention to the gaps.

Read the text again and complete the gaps with the words from the box below.

aeroplane built computer designed engineers fixed parachute perfect pilot vehicles

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 19, pg.22, ex.3)

 

4. Read the text again and find the English equivalents to the following expressions:

- … что означает…

- … он был разработан…

- … он предназначался для…

- … спустя…лет…

- … в день…

- …в год…

- …безопасно приземлилась…

- … до 70 с лишним лет…

- …летевший со скоростью …

 

Read the text again and decide if the sentences (1-5) are true (T) or false (F).

	The Clifton Suspension Bridge is a moveable bridge.	T	F
	It was designed and built in the twentieth century.	T	F
	The designer was a famous British engineer.	T	F
	The design of the bridge is very good.	T	F
	Pilots fly under the bridge every day.	T	F

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 19, pg.22, ex.4)

Look at the diagram below and write the dimensions in the correct places.

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 19, pg.22, ex.5)   7. Look at the words in the box below. Check the meaning of any new words in the glossary. What do you think the next…

Read how the Tay Bridge collapsed. Match the sentences (1-5) with the diagrams (a-e) below.

 

1. There was strong wind when a train was crossing the bridge.   2. The base of one of the columns lifted.     3. This (lifting) caused the strengthening parts of the structure to collapse.   4. The whole structure started to fall.   5. While the structure was falling, the girders collapsed in the opposite direction, causing the pier to collapse completely.

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 20, pg.23, ex.4)

 

Match the following words with their definitions (1-10).

  The measurement from the bottom to the top. A structure that carries a road or railway across…   13. Match the following words: construction disaster calculation of tower the design on experience…

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

“ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

 

 

Part II

BRIDGES

Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the words from the box below.

The Oxford English Dictionary tells us that the origin of the word bridge comes from an Old English word ‘brycg’, of the same meaning, derived from… The first (6) __________ appeared in ancient times. They were made by nature… One of the oldest arch bridges, The Arkadiko Bridge, is one of four Mycenaean arch bridges and part of a former…

TYPES OF BRIDGES

Look at the pictures of bridges below. Read the text below the pictures. Match the pictures (a-h) to the types of bridges (1-8) mentioned in the text.

a)	b)	c)
d)	e)	f)
g)	h)

There are many different types of bridges. The classification is based on the purpose of usage, bridge dimensions, structure of the bridge, the material used in the construction, etc. Sometimes a bridge belongs to more than one type. The most commonly used are the following types:

1) Beam bridges

Beam bridges are horizontal beams (= girders) supported at each end by piers. The earliest beam bridges were simple logs across streams and similar simple structures. In modern times, beam bridges are large box steel girder bridges. Weight on top of the beam pushes straight down on the piers at either end of the bridge. They are made up mostly of wood or metal. Beam bridges typically do not exceed 250 feet long. The longer the bridge, the weaker it is.

2) Cantilever bridges

Cantilever bridges are built using cantilevers—horizontal beams that are supported on only one end. Most cantilever bridges use two cantilever arms extending from opposite sides of the obstacle to be crossed, meeting at the center. The largest cantilever bridge is the 549-metre (1,801 ft) Quebec Bridge in Quebec, Canada.

3) Arch bridges

Arch bridges are arch-shaped and have abutments at each end. The earliest known arch bridges were built by the Greeks and include the Arkadiko Bridge. The weight of the bridge is thrust into the abutments at either side. Dubai in the United Arab Emirates is currently building the Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing which is going to be completed in 2012. When completed, it will be the largest arch bridge in the world.

4) Suspension bridges

Suspension bridges are suspended from cables. The earliest suspension bridges were made of ropes or vines covered with pieces of bamboo. In modern bridges, the cables hang from towers that are attached to caissons or cofferdams. The caissons or cofferdams are implanted deep into the floor of a lake or river. The longest suspension bridge in the world is the 12,826 feet (3,909 m) Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan.

5) Cable-stayed bridges

Like suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges are held up by cables. However, in a cable-stayed bridge, less cable is required and the towers holding the cables are proportionately shorter. The first known cable-stayed bridge was designed in 1784 by C.T. Loescher. The longest cable-stayed bridge is the Sutong Bridge over the Yangtze River in China.

6) Truss bridges

Truss bridges are composed of connected elements. They have a solid deck and a lattice of pin-jointed or gusset-joined girders for the sides. Early truss bridges were made of wood, and later of wood with iron tensile rods, but modern truss bridges are made completely of metals such as wrought iron and steel or sometimes of reinforced concrete. The Quebec Bridge, mentioned above as a cantilever bridge, is also the world's longest truss bridge.

7) Movable bridges

Some bridges are not fixed crossings, but can move out of the way of boats or other kinds of traffic which, ideally, moves under them, but is sometimes too tall to fit. These are generally electrically powered.

8) Double-decked bridges

Double-decked or double-decker bridges have two levels, such as the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge, with two road levels. Tsing Ma Bridge and Kap Shui Mun Bridge in Hong Kong have six lanes on their upper decks, and on their lower decks there are two lanes and a pair of tracks for MTR metro trains. Likewise, in Toronto, the Prince Edward Viaduct has four lanes of motor traffic on its upper deck and a pair of tracks for the Bloor–Danforth subway line. Some double-decker bridges only use one level for street traffic; the Washington Avenue Bridge in Minneapolis reserves its lower level for automobile traffic and its upper level for pedestrian and bicycle traffic (predominantly students at the University of Minnesota).

Robert Stephenson's High Level Bridge across the River Tyne in Newcastle upon Tyne, completed in 1849, is an early example of a double-deck bridge. The upper level carries a railway, and the lower level is used for road traffic. Another example is Craigavon Bridge in Derry, Northern Ireland. The Oresund Bridge between Copenhagen and Malmö consists of a four-lane highway on the upper level and a pair of railway tracks at the lower level.

The George Washington Bridge between New Jersey and New York has two roadway levels. A truss work between the roadway levels provides stiffness to the roadways and reduced movement of the upper level when installed. Tower Bridge is another example of a double-decker bridge, with the central section consisting of a low level bascule span and a high level footbridge.

Read the text again and find the answers to the following questions:

1.	The name of which bridge is used in the text as an example twice?
2.	Which type of bridges can let pass different kinds of vehicles and people; and its traffic capacity is very high?
3.	Which type of bridges needs mechanical or electrical power to be used properly?
4.	In what type of bridges does the safety of a bridge depend on its length, and the length can’t be more than officially stated.
5.	The name of which type of bridges is also found in architecture of buildings?
6.	What type of bridges that is situated in Japan is the longest in its kind?
7.	In what types of bridges are cables used?
8.	Which type of bridges has ‘walls’ made of girders on both sides which are situated sometimes above the deck and sometimes under it?

BRIDGE FAILURES

Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the words from the boxes below.

(4) __________ construction needs scientific and (5) __________ calculations and detailed structural (6) __________ of the design in order to avoid… 1) Egyptian Bridge in St. Petersburg, Russia, carries Lermontov Avenue over… The original bridge, used by both pedestrians and horse-drawn transport, (11) __________ on January 20, 1905, when a…

ANCIENT BRIDGE BUILDING TECHNIQUES

(01:50)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is a bridge?

2. Why do people build bridges?

3. When did people begin bridge building?

4. What were ancient bridges made from?

5. What type of bridges do you know?

6. Study the following words and phrases:

“to go on”, “practitioner”, “arch bridge”, “nail”, “to cover something with something”, “covering”, “to extend”, “landmark”.

WHILE-LISTENING

00:00 – 00:07 7. What is going on in Beijing? 8. What is being demonstrated?

POST-LISTENING

18. Find information about any ancient bridge and present it to your class.

THE GREAT HISTORY OF TOWER BRIDGE

(02:05)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is a bridge?

2. Why do people build bridges?

3. Where is the Tower Bridge situated?

4. Study the following words and phrases:

“contractor”, “jubilee”, “to celebrate”, “centenary”.

WHILE-LISTENING

5. What river does this bridge cross? 6. When was it built? 7. Are people allowed to visit towers?

POST-LISTENING

13. Find any other information about the Tower Bridge and get ready to tell about it to your partner.

 

 

3. THE NEW YORK CITY’S BROOKLYN BRIDGE

(02:40)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is a bridge?

2. Why do people build bridges?

3. What types of bridges do you know?

4. What are the main dimensions of a bridge?

5. Study the following words and phrases:

“to span”, “capacity”, “vehicle”, “to cycle”, “to designate”, “landmark”, “inhabitant”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video-track and answer the following questions:

6. Where is the bridge situated?

7. What type of bridge is it?

8. What is its span?

9. What river does it span?

10. What does it connect?

11. What is its capacity?

12. What do tourists like to do?

13. What can be found near the bridge?

14. When was it constructed?

15. When was the bridge designated to be a National Historic landmark?

16. How many people live in New York?

17. How many tourists visit New York each Year?

18. How long has New York been the centre of commerce and finance?

19. Which site is recommended to visit if you plan to visit New York?

POST-LISTENING

20. Which facts about the bridge did you find the most interesting? Do you know any other interesting facts about the bridge? Would you like to visit New York and have a chance to walk through the Brooklyn Bridge?

TACOMA BRIDGE

(04:06)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is a bridge?

2. Why do people build bridges?

3. Who takes part in bridge construction?

4. Who is responsible for scientific and accurate calculations? Who is responsible for accurate technological process of construction?

5. Study the following words and phrases:

“girder”, “inevitable”, “to abandon”, “to perish”.

WHILE-LISTENING

6. What is shown in the track? (collapse of the Tacoma Bridge) Watch, listen, read and answer the following questions: 00:00 – 00:26

POST-LISTENING

19. Why do you think the collapse happened?

20. What should be done to avoid bridge collapses?

THE BIGGEST SUSPENSION BRIDGE

(04:30)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is a bridge?

2. Why do people build bridges?

3. What types of bridges do you know?

4. Study the following words and phrases:

“to span/spanning”, “to block”, “a rope”, “a deck”,

“a chain”, “to suspend”, “to level”, “anchor”, “to blast”, “frame”.

WHILE-LISTENING

00:00 – 00:19 5. When did people begin thinking of travelling from Wales to Ireland? 6. What task was Tomas Telford given?

POST-LISTENING

24. Summarize the information of the track and be ready to tell about the bridge to your partner.

25. Make a small text about the process of construction of a suspension bridge.

 

THE CLIFFTON SUSPENSION BRIDGE 1

(05:00)

THE CLIFFTON SUSPENSION BRIDGE 2

(05:00)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is a ‘suspension’ bridge?

2. Do you know where the Clifton Suspension Bridge is situated?

WHILE-LISTENING

3. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? a The idea of the bridge appeared over 150 years ago. T F … 4. Which text (1 or 2 or both) …? a gives information about the person who introduced the idea of …

POST-LISTENING

6. Make a small text about the process of construction of a suspension bridge.

7. Summarize the information and be ready to speak about the Clifton Suspension Bridge.

 

ANCIENT STRUCTURES

Part I   1. Do you know the word ‘ancient’? What does it mean? What ancient structures built all over the world do you know?…

Use the information in the text to answer the questions (1-6) below about 1) The Great Wall of China and 2) the first pyramid in Egypt.

		The Great Wall of China	The first pyramid in Egypt.
	Where is it?
	What is it?
	When was it built?
	What is it made of?
	Who built it?
	How big is it?

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 21, pg.24, ex.3)

 

Answer the following questions about the text.

1.	What is the aim of a defensive wall?
2.	What does the word ‘population’ mean?
3.	Who built enormous structures in ancient times?
4.	What are the measurements of the Great Wall of China?
5.	What are the pyramids?
6.	What were the pyramids used for?
7.	What are the pyramids made of?
8.	How heavy are the stone blocks?
9.	How long did it take to build one pyramid?

Read the text again and decide if the sentences (1-5) below are true (T) or false (F).

	The Great Wall of China was to keep people safe.	T	F
	Building the Great Wall was easy for the workers.	T	F
	The Pyramids were built before the Great Wall of China.	T	F
	Pyramids are lots of different shapes.	T	F
	The Egyptian pyramids were built to protect people.	T	F

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 21, pg.24, ex.4)

 

Match the highlighted words in the text with the definitions (1-5) below.

 

	A place where people are buried.
	The top or highest part of something.
	Protecting somebody against attack.
	People who do hard physical work outdoors.
	All the people who live in a country.

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 21, pg.24, ex.5)

 

Give synonyms from the text to the following words.

ancient defensive symbol structure base apex of a … 10. Match the following words: wide the population base engineering…  

Now complete the definitions (1-8) with the words from the module.

12. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Translate the idea, not a word for word: 1. Parents always protect their…

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

“ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

 

 

Part II

ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS AND THEIR ARCHITECTURE

Read the following text and fill in the gaps. Use the words from the boxes below.

The Aztecs, people with a rich (2) __________ and culture, dominated in central Mexico in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. Their capital was… The Maya are (3) __________ of southern Mexico and northern Central America… La Danta temple is also the name of the largest Maya temple. The temple is 79 metres (259 ft) (9) __________ , and…

ANCIENT STRUCTURES

Read the following text and fill in the gaps with one suitable word.

If the task was too difficult for you, take the words from the following box to fill in the gaps: labourers cement defensive walls blocks…   Part III

SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD

(02:45)

PRE-LISTENING

1. Can you make a list of 7 wonders of the ancient world?

2. Were they built BC or AD?

3. Do all of them still exist?

4. What could destroy them? (p.a. - time, rain, earthquake, fire, flood, etc. - natural disasters; people, war, etc.)

5. Study the following words and phrases: “BC/AD”, “earthquake”, “fire”.

WHILE-LISTENING

6. Put the 7 wonders of the ancient world in the order they appear in the track: Statue of Zeus at Olympia Colossus of…

POST-LISTENING

8. Choose any wonder from the list above and find additional information about it. Get ready to present it to your class.

BUILDING THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA

(03:22)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What kind of wall was it?

2. Why were such walls built?

3. What are the usual dimensions of an object?

4. Study the following words and phrases:

“dynasty”, “barbarian”, “to bake/backed”, “battlement”, “to curve”, “masterpiece”, “remains”.

WHILE-LISTENING

00:00 - 01:20 5. Which part of the Wall exactly is this video-track about? 6. What name was it given?

POST-LISTENING

21. Summarize information from the track to make a small text about the Great Wall of China.

22. Make a list of arguments “for” visiting the Great Wall of China.

SECRETS OF STONEHENGE

(01:34)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is Stonehenge?

2. Where is it situated?

3. Study the following words and phrases: “arch, “henge”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video track and answer the following questions:

4. Where exactly is the place shown in the video track?

5. What year is shown?

6. Why are the Pyramids in Egypt mentioned?

7. How heavy were the rocks?

8. How many people worked on this massive project?

9. How many arches are there in the centre of the circle?

10. Do we know for sure the real aim of this construction?

POST-LISTENING

11. Would you like to visit the Stonehenge? Why?

STONEHENGE SECRETS

(02:20)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is Stonehenge?

2. Where is it situated?

3. What could its secret be?

4. Study the following words and phrases:

“a ditch”, “to bury/ burial”, “excavation”, “a clue”, “purpose”.

WHILE-LISTENING

00:00 – 01:12 5. What form does the Stonehenge have? 6. When did the building begin?

POST-LISTENING

20. Would you like to visit the Stonehenge? Why?

THE COLOSSEUM (ROME)

(01:15)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is the COLOSSEUM?

2. Where is it situated?

3. What was it used for in ancient times?

4. Study the following words and phrases: “forum”, “queue”, “to relocate”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video track and answer the following questions:

5. What month is it?

6. What is the actual name of the COLOSSEUM?

7. When was it built?

8. Where can people buy tickets to the COLOSSEUM?

9. Which of these two ways of buying tickets is recommended and why?

10. Is the COLOSSEUM situated on its original place?

POST-LISTENING

11. What other ancient structures do you know in Italy (Europe)?

A NEW DISCOVERY IN EGYPT

(01:42)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What do you know about the Pyramids?

2. What is special about the Pyramids as one of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World?

3. Study the following words and phrases: “excavation”, “remains”, “dynasty”, “chamber”.

WHILE-LISTENING

00:00 – 00:16 4. What is the main news? 5. When was it built?

POST-LISTENING

22. Fill in the gaps in the following text using information from the tack:

A new (1) __________ was discovered (2) __________ months ago in the (3) __________ of Cairo near the famous ancient (4) __________-Pyramid. The Pyramid was built (5) __________ years ago during the period of the (6) __________ dynasty. It had been buried in the desert and was found as the result of (7) __________ that has been held by the team of Egyptian (8) __________ for the last (9) __________ years. During the excavation (10) __________ metres of sand was removed. The Pyramid is 5m (11) __________ , but originally it was about (12) __________ metres. Now archaeologists are going to (13) __________ the chamber within (14) __________ weeks, otherwise everything can be (15) __________ by thieves.

JOKE VAN DAELE AT PYRAMIDS

(02:15)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What do you know about the Pyramids?

2. What is special about the Pyramids as one of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World?

3. Study the following words and phrases: “a sight”, “genius”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video track and answer the following questions:

4. What channel is broadcasting?

5. How many wonders of the world were mentioned except the Pyramids? What are they?

6. Who is being interviewed?

7. What are the Pyramids symbol of, as Mr Zahi Hawass thinks?

8. Why does the woman who is being interviewed think that the Pyramids are the real Wonder of the World?

9. How many tourists visit the Pyramids?

POST-LISTENING

10. Try to persuade your partner to go on a tour to see the Pyramids.

EGYPT GREAT PYRAMIDS

(03:25)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What do you know about the Pyramids?

2. What is special about the Pyramids as one of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World?

3. Study the following words and phrases:

“pharaoh”, “survivor”, “acre”, “sarcophagus”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video track a part by part and answer the following questions:

00:00 – 01:26

4. Which pyramid is exactly still in existence?

5. What area does this pyramid occupy?

6. How many labourers worked on the construction?

7. How long was the pyramid built?

8. How many stones were joined together?

9. What is its height?

10. How can you get to the chambers?

01:27 - - 02:11

11. What was usually put into the stone sarcophagus?

12. Why was there a small hole in the wall of the chamber?

13. What were Egyptian pharaohs considered to be by ancient people of Egypt?

02:12 – end

14. Why are camels shown?

POST-LISTENING

15. Look through the video-tracks 6, 7 and 8 again. Are the following statements about the Pyramids true (T) or false (F):

Pharaohs were the Gods.	T	F
Pharaohs’ souls stayed with the buried body forever.	T	F
There was nothing but a buried body of a pharaoh in a chamber.	T	F
The Pyramids were built as a burial ground for pharaohs.	T	F
It is easy to get to the chamber.	T	F
Camels are used by the Egyptians as a part of tourist business.	T	F

 

 

NUMBERS

(the material of the module is taken from:“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP;

Unit 25, pg.28; Unit 26; pg.29)

Match the Arabic and Roman numbers.

40 500 1000 10 100 50 1 5 800 60

M I D C L LX V XL X DCCC

 

2. Which numbers are used in mathematics? Why?

Match the numbers below with the words (1-9) in the table.

  ½ 1,000,000 (1m) 2.5 327 2,580 0 ¼ 2/3 3.6 %   two thirds three point …  

Read the following text. Complete the text by putting a word or number from the box below in each space (1-10).

Write the following numbers correctly.

	thirty-four point five percent
	six point nine seven
	one third
	four thousand, five hundred and sixty-seven
	three thousand, nine hundred and fifty-eight
	fifty-five percent
	a half
	seven point six five

 

Search the Internet and find the answers to the following questions.

a) Who introduced Arabic numbers to European maths?

b) Who developed the idea of ‘zero’?

 

Read the following text.

POPULATION IN THE UK There were (1) twelve point one million children aged under (2) sixteen in (3) two thousand: (4) six point two million boys and (5) five point nine million girls. This is fewer than in (6) nineteen seventy-one, when there were (7) fourteen point three million children. In (8) two thousand, (9) thirty per cent of children in the UK were under five, (10) thirty-two per cent were aged five to nine years and (11) thirty-eight per cent were aged ten to fifteen. These proportions were similar in the (12) nineteen seventies.

Now choose the correct answers to the questions (1-3) below.

   

Read the text again and decide if the sentences (1-3) below are true (T) or false (F).

	There are more boys than girls in Britain.	T	F
	The total number of children has increased since a census in 1971.	T	F
	In 1971 the same percentage of children were under five.	T	F

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

“ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

 

SIGNS, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Unit 23, pg.26; Unit 24; pg.27) SECTION A

Complete the sentences (1-8) below by putting one word from the box in each space.

DID YOU KNOW ? 1. The __________ of the Eiffel Tower in Paris is about three hundred metres. 2. The __________…  

Match the numbers and abbreviations below with the words in italics from exercise 3 in the following table.

Rewrite the measurements (1-9) below as numbers and abbreviations.

  Twenty-two kilometers per hour Two litres One point five square…

Write true answers to the following questions.

1. How large is your classroom?

2. How tall are you?

3. What is the speed limit on the roads in your country/city/town?

4. How fast can you run?

5. What is the area of your desk?

6. How much does your bag weight?

7. How much did you weight when you were born?

8. How far is it from Kazan to Moscow?

SECTION B

1. What are the following things? What have the words got in common?

Biro Braille guillotine Hoover Jacuzzi Levis Stetson

Put the following words (standard international units) into the correct column.

amp Celsius curie hertz joule kelvin newton ohm pascal volt watt
Chemistry (1 word)	Electricity (6 words)	Physics (2 words)	Temperature (2 words)

 

Now complete the definitions (1-11) below with the units from exercise 2 and the people from the box.

  4. Read the sentences from exercise 3 again and find the words that mean:   1. A person who studies the elements and their compounds. 2. A …

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

“ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

 

JOB APPLICATION AND CV

(the material of the module is taken from: “Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP;

Unit 23, pg.26; Unit 24; pg.27)

SECTION A

Read the texts (letter A and letter B) and choose the correct answers to questions (1-5) below the texts.

    Letter B (1)   (2) …   1. Letter A is to/from Katy Evans. 2. Mrs Lee/Katy Evans works at the…

Match the features (1-6) on each letter with the features (A-F) below.

  3. Read the messages (a-l). Are they formal (f) or informal (i)?   a Please contact me to arrange another appointment. b I’ll show…

Match the formal and informal messages with the same general meaning (from ex.3).

Rewrite the following formal phrases in informal English.

Example: We’d be delighted if you could join us for drinks.

Let’s go and drink together

1.	In response to your recent enquiry …
2.	The receptionist will direct you to the correct room.
3.	I look forward to hearing from you.
4.	I hope that will be acceptable.

 

SECTION B

Read the curriculum vitae (CV) quickly and choose the correct answers to the questions below it.

 

Read the CV again and decide if the sentences (1-7) below are true (T) or false (F).

3. Read the following advertisements. Which job is the best for Gavin?   a) GAMES4U WANTS YOUNG, DYNAMIC PEOPLE TO DEVELOP THE …  

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

  TEST 1 (modules 1 – 5)

VI. Answer any 5 questions you like. Give as much information as you can.

  TEST 2 (modules 6 – 10)

E X A M M A T E R I A L S

Экзамен сдается после прохождения всех модулей курса. Экзаменационные материалы находятся у преподавателя. Всего 10 билетов. В каждом билете – 6… Методика оценивания ответа на экзамене: 51% - 70% (25,5 баллов – 35 баллов) – «3»;

G L O S S A R Y

(the glossary is taken from:“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; 2003, pg.34 -39) Abbreviations:   abbr -… A absolute zero поип [U] the lowest temperature possible (-273.15°С)

Система времен английского языка в активном залоге

  ACTIVE VOICE   Simple Continuous Perfect … Заметьте, что в таблице жирным шрифтом выделены только вспомогательные глаголы ‘do/does’ и ‘did’. Это сделано потому,…

Косвенная речь

(а) The designer says that the drawing is perfect.

А во втором случае (б) придаточное предложение будет изменено на прошедшее:

Косвенная речь

(т.е. в придаточном предложении в примере (б) сказуемое "is perfect" заменилось на "was perfect" в косвенной речи). Это правило называется Правилом Согласования Времен. Суть его сводится к тому,… Таким образом:

ТАБЛИЦА НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ

be	was/were	been		let	let	let
beat	beat	beaten		lie	lay	lain
become	became	become		light	lit	lit
begin	began	begun		lose	lost	lost
bite	bit	bitten		make	made	made
blow	blew	blown		mean	meant	meant
break	broke	broken		meet	met	met
bring	brought	brought		pay	paid	paid
build	built	built		put	put	put
buy	bought	bought		read /ri:d/	read /red/	read /red/
catch	caught	caught		ride	rode	ridden
choose	chose	chosen		ring	rang	rung
come	came	come		rise	rose	risen
cost	cost	cost		run	ran	run
cut	cut	cut		say	said	said
do	did	done		see	saw	seen
draw	drew	drawn		sell	sold	sold
drink	drank	drunk		send	sent	sent
drive	drove	driven		shine	shone	shone
eat	ate	eaten		shoot	shot	shot
fall	fell	fallen		show	showed	shown
feel	felt	felt		shut	shut	shut
fight	fought	fought		sing	sang	sung
find	found	found		sit	sat	sat
fly	flew	flown		sleep	slept	slept
forget	forgot	forgotten		speak	spoke	spoken
get	got	got		spend	spent	spent
give	gave	given		stand	stood	stood
go	went	gone		steal	stole	stolen
grow	grew	grown		swim	swam	swum
hang	hung	hung		take	took	taken
have	had	had		teach	taught	taught
hear	heard	heard		tear	tore	torn
hide	hid	hidden		tell	told	told
hit	hit	hit		think	thought	thought
hold	held	held		throw	threw	thrown
hurt	hurt	hurt		understand	understood	understood
keep	kept	kept		wake	woke	woken
know	knew	known		wear	wore	worn
leave	left	left		win	won	won
lend	lent	lent		write	wrote	written

 

A D D I T I O N A L T E X T S F O R R E A D I N G

Изучение дополнительных текстов по той или иной теме курса носит вариативный характер. Тексты, а также форма работы с ними, отбираются… Тематика текстов, представленных в данном разделе: 1. …  

ENGINEERING AND ART

The Art Institute of Chicago, for instance, held an exhibition about the art of NASA's aerospace design. At the University of South Florida, an… Among famous historical figures Leonardo Da Vinci is a well known Renaissance…  

ENGINEERING IN A SOCIAL CONTEXT

By its very nature engineering is connected with society and human behavior. Every product or construction used by modern society is influenced by… Engineering projects can be subject for discussion. Examples from different… Engineering is a key driver of human development. For example, Sub-Saharan Africa in particular has a very small…

SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS

engineers create the world that has never been”. Theodore von Kármán There exists a specific connection between the sciences and engineering practice. In engineering, people apply…

CAREERS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

(http://www.science-engineering.net)

Professional Qualifications

Professional qualifications are important in all sections of the industry, as they are an independent review by peers to confirm the technical and… For example, in engineering there is a national body (the Engineering… There are three grades of professional qualification that the Council awards, common to all disciplines: Engineering…

Civil engineers turn complex ideas into reality. They help make some of the most innovative structures in the UK and abroad.

Civil engineers are involved in the design and construction of bridges, tunnels, roads, railway, dams, pipelines and major buildings. The… Civil engineers are usually found in one of the following organisations: … 'THE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR TRANSPORT, ENERGY, INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE IS THE RESULT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING'

Civil engineering offers a flexible, well-rewarded and diverse career with the chance to work and travel all over the world.

Today, civilisation relies more than ever on teams of inventive people to design, build and maintain the sophisticated environment that surrounds… Soon you will be making decisions about your career. We can’t make those…

Have a say in what the world will look like

How many jobs affect how our environment looks and works? For many civil engineers, it is the way they can change our surroundings and improve the lives of millions of people that draws them to the profession. They see whole projects through each stage from feasibility to design and implementation.

Help the developing world

For civil engineers, solving infrastructure problems in the developing world is just as demanding – and rewarding – as solving problems in the developed world.
They are needed after earthquakes, during droughts and at times of war, to help the local population rebuild or maintain the conditions that will keep them alive. If you have a real sense of adventure and a commitment to help those in the greatest need, you could join RedR, an organisation that sends volunteers to disaster areas all over the world. www.redr.org

International opportunities

Civil engineering offers unparalleled opportunities to work overseas. By becoming professionally qualified, you will be able to enter the international workplace and work abroad for the short or long term.

Job satisfaction

The major highlight for most civil engineers is the satisfaction of seeing tangible results of their hard work, from designing and constructing Heathrow Terminal 5 to rebuilding bridges in war torn Iraq. The infrastructure civil engineers create benefits society for many years to come.

For more information on studying Civil Engineering contact: The Institution of Civil Engineersat: www.ice.org.uk

 

CAREERS IN ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

(http://www.science-engineering.net)

Electronics is fundamental to many of the things we take for granted today. Everything from mobile phones to aircraft and medical equipment relies on electronics, and it is difficult to think of any area of life that has not been affected by developments in electronics.

Technology, and particularly electronics, is developing at a more rapid pace than ever before. This makes the job of the Electronic Engineer both exciting and challenging, but it also means that there are great rewards for engineers, both in terms of remuneration and job satisfaction.

An International Career

Qualifications themselves are only one of the benefits to be gained from study abroad. A successful career depends on who you know as well as what… Britain has long been recognised for its success in engineering and technology… In most courses in Britain, there is a lot of emphasis placed on learning to think for yourself and study on your own.…

Choosing a Course

Looking at the lists of courses available, it is easy to be confused by the wide choice, ranging from straightforward Electronic Engineering to more… An Electronic Engineering course will cover all of the key knowledge and… Fortunately, many courses begin by covering general Electronic Engineering, but allow specialisation in later stages…

Quality Courses

In order to help choose a suitable course, there are a number of sources of independent information. The British Government established the Quality… A total of ten universities gained the maximum possible grade (24 out of 24),… A second factor to consider in quality of courses is accreditation by professional bodies. In the case of Electronic…

Worldwide Recognition

The need to develop people able to work beyond the limits of current knowledge and to cultivate a medium and long-term perspective has led to… Students are given access to this work at a variety of points in the… Electrical engineering in all its guises is both essential for the future and rewarding for those involved.…

CAREERS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

What is Mechanical Engineering? Engineering affects every aspect of human activity - work, leisure, health and… Training as a mechanical engineer will lead you into one of the broadest areas of engineering. There are jobs for…

Qualifications

The entry requirement for mechanical engineering degree courses is normally three high grade 'A' levels (now A2) in maths, physics or physical… Which Course / University? There are many universities offering degrees in mechanical engineering and there is a wide variation in the types of…

Earnings Potential

Graduates should expect to earn in the region of £18,000 +. This can rise to £40,000 and above with experience.

Finding a job in engineering

Many jobs are still obtained through the traditional method of advertising - in papers, on the Internet, in careers publications etc. Professional Engineering, the publication produced by Professional Engineering Publishing, offers on average 40 pages of engineering advertisements per fortnightly issue, the details are also found on their website: www.professionalcareers.net. The IMechE also produces 'Engineering Opportunities' an annual publication targeted at students and graduates, which lists companies offering employment and training programmes.

Career Benefits

The mechanical engineering professional can, and should, aim high in their career aspirations. The recent Engineering Council report identifies that engineers and scientists hold more than quarter of leading executive positions in FTSE 100 companies (as of 3 December 2001).

Here to help you

The IMechE is here to help you. At each university running IMechE accredited degrees there is an Academic Liaison Officer (ALO). They are there to help you with your questions, to give advice & provide knowledge. To find out whom the ALO is at your chosen university, email: education@imeche.org.uk. For further information about membership of the IMechE please contact the Membership department, tel: 0845 226 9191, email: membership@imeche.org.uk.

Why Study Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineering courses in British universities offer the highest quality teaching and research and, once qualified, mechanical engineers are… What will the course offer? Mechanical engineering is specifically concerned with design, development, installation, operation and maintenance of…

How to choose the right course and university

Mechanical engineering courses vary widely in content, assessment and teaching. Deciding which course to do is no easy task, but your choice can ensure your future career prospects are met. The basic mechanical engineering degree course includes certain core subjects - communication, drawing and computer aided design (CAD) and engineering, control, electrical machines and power, fluid mechanics, materials, stress analysis, thermodynamics and heat transfer, dynamics and vibration, electronics, manufacturing systems, measurement and instrumentation, statics and structures. Courses can also cover a number of other non-mandatory subjects, for example - business management, accountancy and IT. Contact your college careers office for further advice and information.

Career benefits

The mechanical engineering professional can, and should, aim high in their career aspirations. There is an underlying myth around the profession… The percentage of women joining the engineering profession is rising each… Incentives from the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE)

Recent Innovations

In the past year there has been a lot of media attention surrounding the new Virgin Pendolino train (derived from the word pendulum) which swings in… There are a multitude of mechanical engineering advancements that don't make…

Here to help you

One of the original strategic aims of the Institution was to be the leading forum for the exchange of knowledge and expertise in the field of mechanical engineering. That is still what we strive to achieve today. The IMechE is here to help you.

A mechanical engineering degree is just the beginning. Most engineering students aspire to achieve chartered status (CEng), which is the highest professional engineering qualification. The IMechE is your route to chartered status as a mechanical engineer, and to world-wide recognition as a qualified engineer.

For further information about the possibilities for studying engineering in the UK and a career in mechanical engineering, call one of the friendly, knowledgeable staff on 0845 226 9191,or email: membership@imeche.org.uk, or take a look at the website: www.imeche.org.uk.

Author: Sara Richardson, Institution for Mechanical Engineers

 

HOW UNIVERSITY CAN BENEFIT YOUNG PEOPLE

In the early sixties, in the UK only one in twenty school leavers went to… Britain needs more people with degrees and more skilled workers with higher technician and associate professional…

The UK has more than 250 universities or specialist colleges offering over 40,000 higher education programmes. These are mainly degree and higher national diploma courses and are, to a large extent, what you go on to after school or FE college, aged around 17 to 19 and armed with A levels, GNVQ, Scottish Highers or some other equivalent. You can, however, leave it for a while and return to higher education later in your life.

Our economy needs more graduates and has invested massively in expanding the number and range of higher education courses. But it is so difficult to make the right choice! If you decide that higher education is for you - and it is a very sensible choice for a lot of bright people - make sure that you take the time and trouble to find a course and a university that match your personal requirements.

Remember: Higher Education can be (and usually is) one of the most exciting, rewarding and valuable periods of your life - but it is vital to do your research first!

Navigate the system. Get a feel of what is available and where. Why should you follow one course rather than another? Do you want to train for a specific career? Do you want to be on the coast or in a big city centre?

Ask - questions. And when you have the answers you need, ask more questions. An enquiring mind is a priceless asset! Use the web, e-mail, 'phone, fax…you could even go and talk to people face to face. Ask those around you: family, friends, teachers, careers advisers and so on. If you don't ask, you may never know.

Search - All universities have websites. All produce glossy prospectuses. Other people produce software and books containing valuable data. Search. Sift. Compare. Choose.

Apply - Most higher education providers in the UK - apart from the Open University - are part of the UCAS centralized applications system. You can apply on old-style paper or you can do it all electronically.

Ask questions! Before you choose a university!

Ask yourself - and anyone else whose opinion you value - the following questions:

1. Do I have a particular career in mind?
2. Am I seeking a higher education qualification as a requirement for initial entry to a specific profession?
3. Do I just want to chill out for a while, maturing gradually and developing my thought processes?
4. Is there a specific subject I want to explore thoroughly?
5. Do I want to develop my key skills?
6. Do I want to make myself generally more employable?
7. Do I want a clean break from my present circumstances and the chance to make a fresh start?
8. Do I want to study full-time / part-time / by distance learning, at home / away from home?
9. Can I afford it?
10. What are the alternatives?

These are not the sort of questions that have simple right or wrong answers. In fact, an answer which may appear right now might well look wrong (and vice versa!) when your personal circumstances change in, say, 10 years time. All you can hope to do is gather all the available evidence, weigh up all the pros and cons and make the decision which best relates to your current priorities and circumstances.

Student Life

Student life can be very rewarding, but it can also have its pitfalls.

Student Action Plan

If you are on the brink of choosing a degree course, this Action Plan will help you to make the most of your university years, even if you are not yet sure of your career.

In the future you will need the skills to manage a varied career and to be an effective learner. These are the skills which will allow you to develop and make use of your own individual strengths. They could easily be called "enabling skills" because they will enable you to be effective in managing your work and its relationship with the rest of life. They will put you in charge, instead of being at the mercy of your work.

The task is not impossible. There are simple things you can do to develop these Self-Reliance skills. The Action Plan lists a number of things suggested by employers and academics, which can be done to make the most of the opportunities which exist at university to develop these skills.

Increase your self-awareness

List your strengths and weaknesses. Use others to help. Continually update the list.
Actively seek feedback from colleagues, staff, close friends and family. Get outside your comfort zone!
Notice which experiences really motivate you. Write them down.
Make an effort to establish your values and underlying beliefs. You will not be comfortable if you do things which work against these values.

Make an informed decision about what, how and where to study.

Think about your reasons for doing a degree. Can you define exactly what you will gain from a degree? Is it the best option? Is now the right time?… Get to know your preferred learning style. How do you learn best? Alone or in… Ask universities some searching questions. This is vital. If necessary show them the checklist on the back of this…

Gain relevant work experience

This could be through vacation work, gap year work, sponsorship through university or by choosing a sandwich course. Any work experience is useful. Customer-facing work is especially good.
If you can't get paid work, voluntary work is always available and can be just as useful.

If you already have some work experience, try to make your next job more focused on your intended career.

Use family and friends first, to find work. They are contacts you already have.

Small business experience is good. You may be given more responsibility, and there may be a wider variety of jobs to be done.

Spend occasional days work shadowing family and friends. This will help you explore many more options.

Think about what you have to offer your employer. This will enable you to "sell yourself" more effectively.

Develop skills for the workplace

They may be developed through the curriculum or in outside activities such as university clubs and societies.

Become involved in teams.

Take responsibility and initiative. Start something new, and lead it to completion.

Make different kinds of presentations to different kinds of audiences, including factual and persuasive presentations and, if possible, one to an audience hostile to your case.

Make the most of opportunities to travel. Practice a language. Take an interest in the local culture, even the economy or politics. Don't just sit on the beach!

Set aside opportunities to reflect on your learning

Use a learning log. Employers always look for evidence of skills learned. Seek support from colleagues.

Learn from both successes and failures. If an experience is painful, turn it into something positive by learning from it. Recognise your own reaction to failures and disappointments, so you can cope better in the future.

6. Use your contacts: develop the art of networking

Start with family and friends. They are an easily forgotten resource. Draw up a list of those who might be able to support you in your decisions or help you find vacation work.

When networking, ask people for advice. They are usually willing. Also ask them whether they know other people who might be able to help, and whether you can mention their name. Your network will expand, and all kinds of help may result.

Explore options

Don't sit in an academic oxygen bubble. Read a newspaper. Talk to people (questioning, listening, recording). Visit the careers service to look for vacation work. Use AIESEC and Student Industrial Society networks at university. Find out about the changing graduate job market. Visit careers fairs in the first or second year.

Turn research into action. Be proactive. Set objectives and do some "action planning".

Make the most of your final year project. It can be a route into employment.

Practice negotiation skills

Negotiations occur all the time. Practice negotiation skills and recognise all the opportunities to develop them in everyday life.
Recognise that negotiation within a long term relationship should aim for a "win/win" outcome.

Do something different

What will make you different from the other thousands of graduates? Perhaps you could learn an unusual language, take up a distinctive hobby or set up a new voluntary organisation.

10. Don't panic! You don't have to be perfect

Tackle this Action Plan in manageable chunks and review your progress regularly. You will find you can achieve a great deal over three or four years if you start now.

Degree Course Checklist

1. How do staff gather student feedback on the course, and how do they respond to it? 2. Do the staff have a clear idea of the skills which students develop as part… 3. What teaching methods are used to help students develop these skills?

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 1

A material property may be a constant or may be a function of one or more independent variables, such as temperature. Material's properties often… Some material's properties are used in relevant equations to determine the…  

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 2

A glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid material. Glass breaks easily, and often optically transparent. Glass is commonly used for windows,… Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or… The word is derived from the Greek πλαστικός (plastikos) meaning…

ALLOYS

An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements in solid solution in which the major component is a metal. Most pure metals are either too soft, brittle or chemically reactive for practical use. Combining different ratios of metals as alloys modifies the properties of pure metals to produce desirable characteristics. The aim of making alloys is generally to make them less brittle, harder, resistant to corrosion, or have a more desirable color and luster. Of all the metallic alloys in use today, the alloys of iron (steel, stainless steel, cast iron, tool steel, alloy steel) make up the largest proportion both by quantity and commercial value. Iron alloyed with various proportions of carbon gives low, mid and high carbon steels, with increasing carbon levels reducing ductility and toughness. The addition of silicon will produce cast irons, while the addition of chromium, nickel and molybdenum to carbon steels (more than 10%) results in stainless steels.

Other significant metallic alloys are those of aluminium, titanium, copper and magnesium. Copper alloys have been known since prehistory—bronze gave the Bronze Age its name—and have many applications today, most importantly in electrical wiring. The alloys of the other three metals have been developed relatively recently; due to their chemical reactivity they require electrolytic extraction processes. The alloys of aluminium, titanium and magnesium are valued for their high strength-to-weight ratios; magnesium can also provide electromagnetic shielding. These materials are ideal for situations where high strength-to-weight ratio is more important than material cost, such as in aerospace and some automotive applications.

Alloys specially designed for highly-demanding applications, such as jet engines, may contain more than ten elements.

 

COMPUTER USAGE IN ENGINEERING

One of the most widely used tools in the profession is computer-aided design (CAD) software which enables engineers to create 3D models, 2D… These allow products and components to be checked for flaws; assess fit and… There are also many tools to support specific engineering tasks such as Computer-aided manufacture (CAM) software to…

CANALs

Canals are human-made channels for water. There are two types of canal:

1. Aqueduct (or water conveyance) canals that are used for the conveyance and delivery of fresh water, for human consumption, agriculture, etc.

2. Waterway canals that are navigable transportation canals used for carrying ships and boats loaded with goods and people, often connected to existing lakes, rivers, or oceans. Included here are inter-ocean canals such as the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal.

The word "canal" is also used for a city-canal in cities such as Venice, Amsterdam or Bangkok.

Types of artificial waterways

Smaller transportation canals can carry barges or narrowboats, while ship canals allow seagoing ships to travel to an inland port (e.g.: Manchester… At their simplest, canals consist of a trench (= a long narrow hole that is… Canals need to be level, and while small irregularities in the lie of the land can be dealt with through cuttings and…

Modern uses

The narrow early industrial canals however have ceased to carry significant amounts of trade and many have been abandoned to navigation, but may… A movement that began in Britain and France to use the early industrial canals… The Seine-Nord Europe Canal is being developed into a major transportation waterway, linking France with Belgium,…

Cities on water

Amsterdam was built in a similar way, with buildings on wooden piles. It became a city around 1300. Other cities with extensive canal networks include: Delft, Haarlem and Leiden… Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City is a UNESCO World Heritage Site near the centre of Liverpool, England, where a…

CHOICE OF TUNNELS vs. BRIDGES

Bridges usually require a larger footprint on each shore than tunnels. In areas with expensive real estate, such as Manhattan and urban Hong Kong,… The 1934 Queensway Road Tunnel under the River Mersey at Liverpool, was chosen… Examples of water-crossing tunnels built instead of bridges include the Holland Tunnel and Lincoln Tunnel between New…

HISTORY OF DAMs

Most early dam building took place in Mesopotamia and the Middle East. Dams were used to control the water level. Mesopotamia's weather affected the… The earliest known dam is situated in Jawa, Jordan, 100 km northeast of the… Roman dam construction was characterized by "the Romans' ability to plan and organize engineering construction on…

HISTORY OF TUNNELS

The oldest used rail tunnel in the world was built in 1836. Only a short section of it remains now in Liverpool. The World's oldest underwater tunnel is said to be the Terelek kaya… The examples of other historical tunnels are as follows: The ‘qanat’ or ‘kareez’ of Persia is a water management…

A ROBOTIC SPACECRAFT

A robotic spacecraft is a spacecraft with no humans on board, that is usually under telerobotic control. A robotic spacecraft designed to make scientific research measurements is often called a space probe. Many space missions are more suited to telerobotic rather than crewed operation, due to lower cost and lower risk factors. In addition, some planetary destinations such as Venus or the vicinity of Jupiter are too hostile for human survival, given current technology. Outer planets such as Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are too distant to reach with current crewed spaceflight technology, so telerobotic probes are the only way to explore them.

History

The USA achieved its first successful space probe launch with the orbit of Explorer 1 on 31 January 1958. Explorer 1 weighed less than 14 kilograms… Only seven other countries have successfully launched orbital missions using… Most American space probe missions have been coordinated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and European missions by…

Design

In spacecraft design, the United States Air Force considers a vehicle to consist of the mission payload and the bus (or platform). The bus provides physical structure, thermal control, electrical power, attitude control and telemetry, tracking and commanding. The "flight system" of a spacecraft into subsystems. These include:

- physical backbone structure (provides overall mechanical integrity of the spacecraft; ensures spacecraft components are supported and can withstand launch loads);

- command and data subsystem. (responsible for command sequence storage, maintaining the spacecraft clock, collecting and reporting spacecraft telemetry data (e.g. spacecraft health), collecting and reporting mission data (e.g. photographic images);

- attitude control subsystem (responsible for the spacecraft's orientation in space and the positioning of movable parts);

- telecommunication subsystem (includes radio antennas, transmitters and receivers which are used to communicate with ground stations on Earth, or with other spacecraft);

- electrical power subsystem (includes solar cells and a radioisotope thermoelectric generator, batteries for storing power and distribution circuitry that connects components to the power sources);

- temperature control and protection from the environment subsystem (includes mirrors and sunshades for additional protection from solar heating).

EFFICIENCY OF BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

A bridge's economic efficiency will be site and traffic dependent, the ratio of savings by having a bridge (instead of, for example, a ferry, or a…

HISTORY OF BRIDGES

The Arkadiko Bridge is one of four Mycenaean arch bridges and part of a former network of roads in the Peloponnese, in Greece. Dating to the Greek… The greatest bridge builders of antiquity were the ancient Romans. The Romans… The Arthashastra of Kautilya mentions the construction of dams and bridges. A Mauryan bridge near Girnar was surveyed…

THE MILLENIUM BRIDGE (KAZAN)

 

 

The Millennium Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge that spans Kazanka River, in Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia. Its name originates from Kazan's thousand anniversary, widely celebrated in 2005 and the shape of its M-like pylon. The construction of the bridge began in 2004, the first part was ready in 2005 and the second part in 2007. The building cost was approximately 94 million euros. The bridge is 831 m long. The main part of this bridge is the 45-m pylon which looks like the letter ‘M’. This form originates from Meñyıllıq (Cyrillic: Меңъеллык), the Tatar for thousand years old, or its Latin variant Millennium. The roadway carries three lanes of traffic and a pedestrian walkway in each direction. The bridge connects Gorky park and Fatix Amirxan Avenue.

 

THE USAGE OF BRIDGES

Bridges are subject to unplanned uses as well. The areas underneath some bridges have become makeshift shelters and homes to homeless people, and… To create a beautiful image, some bridges are built much taller than… Some bridges carry special installations such as the tower of Nový Most bridge in Bratislava which carries a…

THE EXAMPLES OF ANCIENT ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES

(THE LIST OF ANCIENT ARCHITECTURAL RECORDS)

The list of ancient architectural records consists of record-making architectural achievements of the Greco-Roman world from 800 BC to 600 AD.

Bridges

Columns

Dams

• The dam at Cornalvo, Spain, is one of the tallest Roman dams still in use (28 m).
• The largest arch dam was the Glanum Dam in the French Provence. Since its remains were almost completely obliterated by a 19th century dam on the same spot, its reconstruction relies on prior documentation, according to which the Roman dam was 12 m high, 3.9 m wide and 18 m long at the crest. Being the earliest known arch dam, it remained unique in antiquity and beyond (aside from the Dara Dam whose dimensions are unknown).
• The largest arch-gravity dam was the Kasserine Dam in Tunisia, arguably the biggest Roman dam in North Africa with 150 m length by 10 m height by 7.3 m width. However, despite its curved nature, it is uncertain whether the 2nd century AD dam structurally acted by arching action and not solely by its sheer weight; in this case it would be classified as a gravity dam and considerably smaller structures in Turkey or the Spanish Puy Foradado Dam would move up in this category.
• The largest bridge dam was the Band-e Kaisar which was erected by a Roman workforce on Sassanid territory in the 3rd century AD. The approximately 500 m long structure, a novel combination of overflow dam and arcaded bridge, crossed Iran's most effluent river on more than forty arches. The most eastern Roman civil engineering structure ever built, its dual-purpose design exerted a profound influence on Iranian dam building.
• The largest multiple arch buttress dam was the Esparragalejo Dam in Spain, whose 320 m long wall was supported on its air face by buttresses and concave-shaped arches. Dated to the 1st century AD, the structure represents the first and, as it appears, only known dam of its type in ancient times, although portions of the Portuguese Muro Dam were similarly shaped.
• The longest buttress dam was the 632+ m long Consuegra Dam (3rd–4th century AD) in central Spain which is still fairly well preserved. Instead of an earth embankment, its only 1.3 m thick retaining wall was supported on the downstream side by buttresses in regular intervals of 5 to 10 m. In Spain, a large number of ancient buttress dams are concentrated, representing nearly one-third of the total found there.
• The longest gravity dam, and longest dam overall, impounds the Lake of Homs in Syria. Built in 284 AD by emperor Diocletian for irrigation, the 2000 m long and 7 m high masonry dam consists of a concrete core protected by basalt ashlar. The lake, 6 miles long by 2.5 miles wide, is the biggest Roman reservoir in the Near East and possibly the largest artificial lake constructed up to that time. Enlarged in the 1930s, it is still a landmark of Homs which it continues to supply with water. Further notable dams in this category include the little-studied 900 m long Wadi Caam II dam at Leptis Magna and the Spanish dams at Alcantarilla and at Consuegra.
• The tallest dam belonged to the Subiaco Dams at the central Italian town of the same name. Constructed by Nero (54–68 AD) as an adjunct to his villa on the Aniene river, the three reservoirs were highly unusual in their time for serving recreational rather than utilitarian purposes. The biggest dam of the group is estimated to have reached a height of 50 m. It remained unsurpassed in the world until its accidental destruction in 1305 by two monks who fatally removed cover stones from the top. Also quite tall structures were Almonacid de la Cuba Dam (34 m), Cornalvo Dam (28 m) and Proserpina Dam (21.6 m), all of which are located in Spain and still of substantially Roman fabric.

Domes

• The largest dome in the world for more than 1700 years was the Pantheon in Rome. Its concrete dome spans an interior space of 43.45 m, which corresponds exactly to its height from floor to top. Its apex concludes with a 8.95 m wide oculus. The structure remained unsurpassed until 1881 and stills holds the title of the largest unreinforced solid concrete dome in the world. The Pantheon has exercised an immense influence on Western dome construction to this day.
• The largest dome out of clay hollowware ever constructed is the Caldarium of the Baths of Caracalla in Rome. The now ruined dome, completed in 216 AD, had an inner diameter of 35.08 m. For reduction of weight its shell was constructed of amphora joined together, a quite new method then which could do without time-consuming wooden centring.
• The largest half-domes were found in the Baths of Trajan in Rome, completed in 109 AD.
• The largest stone dome was the Western Thermae in Gerasa, Jordan, constructed around 150/175 AD. The 15m wide dome of the bath complex was also one of the earliest of its kind with a square ground plan.

Fortifications (Roman military engineering)

Monoliths

Roads

• The longest trackway was the Diolkos near Corinth, Greece, measuring between 6 and 8.5 km. The paved roadway allowed boats to be pulled across the Isthmus of Corinth, thus avoiding the long and dangerous sea trip around the Peloponnese peninsula. Working by the railway principle, with a gauge of around 160 cm between two parallel grooves cut into the limestone paving, it remained in regular and frequent service for at least 650 years. By comparison, the world's first overland wagonway, the Wollaton Wagonway of 1604, ran for 3 km.

Roofs

• The largest prop-and-lintel roof by span spanned the Parthenon in Athens. It measured 19.20 m between the cella walls, with an unsupported span of 11.05 m between the interior colonnades. Sicilian temples of the time featured slightly larger cross sections, but these may have been covered by truss roofs instead.
• The largest truss roof by span covered the Aula Regia (throne room) built for emperor Domitian (81–96 AD) on the Palatine Hill, Rome. The timber truss roof had a width of 31.67 m, slightly surpassing the postulated limit of 30 m for Roman roof constructions. Tie-beam trusses allowed for much larger spans than the older prop-and-lintel system and even concrete vaulting: Nine out of the ten largest rectangular spaces in Roman architecture were bridged this way, the only exception being the groin vaulted Basilica of Maxentius.

Tunnels

Vaulting

• The largest barrel vault by span covered the Temple of Venus and Roma, Rome. Built between 307 and 312 AD, the vaulted structure replaced the original wooden truss roof from Hadrian’s time.
• The largest groin vault by span roofed the 25.01 m wide main nave of the Basilica of Maxentius on the Forum Romanum, built in the early 4th century.

 

 

A D D I T I O N A L V I D E O

Видеосюжеты для дополнительного просмотра можно найти по ссылке: … адрес интернет-странички с видеороликами… Просмотр дополнительных видеосюжетов по… Тематика дополнительных видеосюжетов: 1. Is Becoming An…  

I N T E R N E T R E F E R E N C E S

  В целях самосовершенствования и самоорганизации самостоятельной работы по…  

C O N T E N T S