КАФЕДРА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ по дисциплине «ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК»

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ

ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (филиал)

Государственного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования

«Московский инженерно-физический институт (государственный университет»

(г. Лесной)

КАФЕДРА

ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ

 

И.В. ПЛЮХИНА

по дисциплине «ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК» для студентов специальности «Управление и информатика в технических системах» очно-заочной формы обучения.

UNIT 1

ABOUT MYSELF.

 

Text A: «ABOUT MYSELF»

 

Hello, friends. Let me first introduce myself. My name is Ann or Anya for my friends.
My surname or last name is Sokolova. I was born on the 2^nd of October in Sochi, Krasnodarsky Krai. This is the most beautiful city in Russia situated on the Black Sea coast. Now I am a first-year student at the Technical Academy. In five years I’ll be an engineer.
Now let me describe my appearance. I am tall and slim and have fair hair and blue eyes. My friends say that am pretty. I think I am just good-looking. I love sports and music. I was very serious about a career in gymnastics when I was in the 5^th form. But then I broke my arm and doctors didn’t let me go in for gymnastics. I love to listen to modern music and dance. I dance a lot and I hope I am good at it. I also love swimming. I always swim in the Black sea when I visit my parents, my dear family.

I would like to tell you about my family. There are five people in our family. My father’s name is Vladimir Stepanovich. He is a mathematician by education and businessman by profession. My mother’s name is Tatyana Petrovna. She is a housewife. She has much work about the house because I have a younger sister. She is a pupil. My sister Natasha is in the fifth form. My grandmother, my mother’s mother, lives with us. She is very kind and helps us a lot.

Our family is very friendly, we have many friends. In summer many relatives come to visit us. And, of course, they use a chance to spend several weeks in beautiful Sochi.

In May I have finished school No 5 in Sochi. I did well in all the subjects but my favourite subjects at school were Physics and Computer Science. I also enjoyed English lessons.

I am very interested in learning English because I always wanted to become a programmer or maybe a businesswoman. I also think that the knowledge of foreign languages helps in everyday life and career.

Two years ago I traveled much around Europe. I have visited France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and the United the United Kingdom. There the knowledge of English helped me a lot.

As you see, my biography isn’t very long yet. But we’ll meet again in the next lesson and I’ll tell you more about myself. See you later...

 

Vocabulary:

introduce— представлять, знакомить
Black Sea coast— побережье Черного моря
a first-year student — студент(ка) первого курса
region— область
appearance -внешность
slim — стройная
career— карьера
gymnastics— гимнастика
mathematician— математик
housewife— домохозяйка
several— несколько
to do well — зд. успевать

chance— случай, шанс
kind— добрый
a lot— много

The Netherlands — Нидерланды
the United Kingdom— Соединенное Королевство (Великобритания)

ADD TO YOUR ACTIVE VOCABULARY (ПОПОЛНИ СВОЙ АКТИВНЫЙ СЛОВАРЬ):

tall-высокий
short — маленького роста
stout— приземистый, коренастый
slim — стройный
fat— толстый
plumpy— полный
fair hair— светлые волосы
blonde— блондин(ка)
brunette— брюнет(ка)
gray hair — седые волосы
bold headed— лысый
short sighted — близорукий
smart, clever, bright—умный (я)
stupid— тупой, глупый
boring— скучный

fun to be with — веселый человек
easy to go along — легкий в общении
quiet—спокойный
impulsive— порывистый, импульсивный
aggressive— агрессивный
rude— невежливый, грубый
shy, confused— застенчивый
active— активный
talkative— разговорчивый
enthusiastic— энтузиаст, затейник

 

Exercise 1. Please, introduce yourself. The questions below will certainly help you:

 

1. What is your name?

2. Where and when were you born?

3. How old are you?
4. Have you got a family?

5. How many people are there in your family?

6. Where do you live?

7. When did you finish school?

8. Did you study well at school?

9. What school did you finish?

10. What was your favourite subject?

11. What do you like to read?

12. What sport do you go in for?

Exercise 2. Describe a person you know well. Use the active vocabulary of the unit.

 

 

Text B: «MY BIOGRAPHY»

After Mark Twain

I was born on the 30-th of November 1835 in the village of Florida, Missouri. My father was John Marshal Clemens. According to tradition some of my… Florida contained a hundred people and when I was born I increased the… My uncle was a farmer. I have never met a better man than he was. He was a middle-aged man whose head was clear and…

Exercise 3. Make a short story about yourself.

GRAMMAR.

ЛИЧНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ.

(PERSONAL PRONOUNS)

Единственное число	Множественное число
1 лицо I(я)	1 лицоwe(мы)
2 лицоyou(ты)	2 лицо you (вы)
3 лицо he (он) she (она) it (оно)	3 лицоthey(они)

СКЛОНЕНИЕ ЛИЧНЫХ МЕСТОИМЕНИЙ.

ПРИТЯЖАТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ.

(POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS)

Единственное число	Множественное число
1 лицо my(мой, моя, мое, мои)	1 лицо our(наш, наша, наше, наши)
2 лицо your(твой, твоя, твое, твои)	2 лицо your(ваш, ваша, ваше, ваши)
3 лицо his(его), her(ее), its(его)	3 лицо their(их)

АБСОЛЮТНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ПРИТЯЖАТЕЛЬНЫХ МЕСТОИМЕНИЙ.

 

УКАЗАТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

(DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS)

Единственное число Множественное число

This (этот, эта, это) these (эти)

That (тот, та, то) those (те)

Such (такой, такая, такое, такие)

 

 

Exercise 1 Переведите на английский язык.

1. Та книга не моя. 2. Эта книга – моя. 3. Это моя книга, а то – его. 4. Эти – ее карандаши, а то – его. 5. Возьми те карандаши. 6. Я люблю такие ручки, они хорошие. 7. Ваша ручка плохая, возьмите мою.

 

Exercise 2. Замените выделенные слова личными местоимениями.

1. Peter helped the pupilsto translate the text. 2. Mother asked Mary to wash the plates. 3. My friend writes a letter to his sister. 4.Jane took 3 books from the library (there). 5. His cousins live in Moscow. 6. Their grandfather and grandmother will come tomorrow. 7. Mary works in a shop.

 

Exercise 3. Напишите предложения во множественном числе.

1. This is my pen and that is your pencil. 2. This is our office and that is yours. 3. This is his desk and that is hers. 4. This is my book and that is theirs. 5. This is my letter and that is yours. 6. Is this my book? 7. Is that house yours? That house is mine.

 

Exercise 4. Выберите правильные притяжательные местоимения.

2. It’s (their/theirs) door, not (our/ours). 3. They’re new pupils and I don’t know (their/theirs) names. 4. (My/mine) flat is bigger than (her/hers), but (her/hers) is nicer.

Глагол to have (иметь).

Спряжение глагола to be.

Exercise 1. Заполните пропуски нужной формой глагола to be и переведите.

 

ПРИТЯЖАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПАДЕЖ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ.

The child’s toys – The children’s toys

 

The boy’sbooks – The boys’ books

 

Exercise 1 Употребите притяжательный падеж существительных.

  The children of John Turner. 2. The questions of my son. 3. The wife of my brother. 4. The name of his wife. 5. the Life of animals.…  

UNIT 2.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA AND ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES.

Text A. ANN’S ACADEMY.

Our Academy is quite large and old. It was founded in the 19th century by the famous Russian inventor Vladimir Komarov. First, it was a small… The course of study at my academy lasts five years. There are many faculties… Our academy is large and we have several buildings. One of the buildings is for lectures

ADD TO YOUR АСTIVE VOCABULARY

a) classroom— класс, аудитория lecture hall — лекционный зал laboratory — лаборатория gym (gymnasium) — спортзал b) semester (term) — семестр school year — учебный год course of studies —… faculty, college, department — факультет (ex. College of physics — факультет физики) department, chair of... — кафедра…

Exercise 1. Answer the questions to the text.

  Exercise 2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: 1. Larger schools are better than smaller ones.

Text B. HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA.

About 60 per cent of them entered technological institutes. In the last several years the number of students in technological institutes has risen… The present academic year is marked by expansion of new forms of technical… The main feature of the educational system in this country is that it is accessible and free of charge for all. But…

Notes to the Text.

to be over - оканчиваться

to be enroled - быть зачисленным

humanities – гуманитарные науки

curriculum (pl. curricula) – курс обучения, программа

to be accessible – быть доступным

top priority – приоритет

to make decisions – принимать решения

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text using the dictionary.

Exercise 2. Answer the questions to the text.

Exercise 3. Find

A) antonyms

to begin, to enter, young, large, to open, to take, quick, much, to graduate from, many, long, slow, little, to finish, old, small, to close, to give, few, short;

B) synonyms

new, large, many, to begin, to take , to speak, to enter, to build, to do, to get, modern, big, to start, much, to make, main, to talk, to construct, to come into, major.

 

 

Exercise 4. Fill the gaps with the verbs to be, to have in the corresponding tense form.

1. Moscow ... the capital of Russia. 2. There ... many institutes in Moscow. 3. The oldest of them ... Moscow University. 4. Our institute... one…  

Exercise 5. Choose the corresponding pronoun

 

Text C. MOSCOW TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTES.

There are many technological institutes in Moscow. There are such institutes as Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Electromechanical Institute,… The academic year in this country's higher schools begins on the 1st of… Our university is one of the oldest technological institutes in Moscow. It has several buildings, old and new ones.…

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

Exercise 2. Ask the questions to the text.

Text D. HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN.

They all provide a wide range of courses from lower-level technical and commercial courses through special­ized courses of various kinds to advanced… Courses are a combination of lectures, seminars, tutorials and laboratory… Study in courses may be full-time and part-time. Full-time education includes sandwich courses in which periods of…

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

Exercise 2. Tell about the system of higher education in Great Britain.

Exercise 3. Compare the system of higher education in Russia and in Great Britain.

Text E. HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE USA.

Higher education is given in colleges and universities. There are over 2100 various higher educational institutions, including colleges,… Students choose a major subject and take many courses in this subject. After… After another year or two of study and research, they may get a still higher degree as Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.).…

Exercise 1. Read the text and tell about the system of higher education in the USA .

 

GRAMMAR.

Порядок слов в английском предложении

1) подлежащее, за ним следует 2) сказуемое, далее идет 3) дополнение (беспредложное, прямое, предлож­ное) и затем

Вопросительные местоимения.

Эти местоимения употребляются для построения вопросительного предложения. What (что, какой, какая, какое, какие) What is it? Что это такое? What book is it? Какая это книга?

ОСНОВНЫЕ ТИПЫ ВОПРОСОВ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ.

1. Общий вопрос (General Question)

Общий вопрос относится ко всему предложению в целом, и ответом на него будут слова yes или nо:

Do you like ice-cream? — Yes, I do.
Can you speak English? — Yes, I can.
Are you a schoolboy? — No, I am not.
Have you bought a text book? — Yes, I have.

Порядок слов в общем вопросе

1) вспомогательный (модальный, глагол-связка) глагол;

2) подлежащее (существительное или местоимение);

3) смысловой глагол (или дополнение).

Специальный вопрос

Специальный вопрос относится к какому-нибудь члену предложения или их группе и требует конкретного ответа:

What is your name?
Where do you live? — I live in Rostov.
Специальный вопрос всегда начинается со специального вопросительного слова:

who (кто)
whom (кого)
what (что)
which (который)
whose (чей)
when (когда)

where (где)
why (почему)
how long (как долго)
how many (сколько)
how much (сколько)
how (как)

Порядок слов в специальном вопросе

2) вспомогательный (модальный, глагол-связка) глагол; 3) подлежащее; 4) смысловой глагол;

Альтернативный вопрос

Do you like coffee or tea? — Вы любите кофе или чай? Альтернативный вопрос начинается как общий вопрос, затем следует…  

UNIT 3.

COMPUTER ENGINEERING.

Text A. MY FUTURE PROFESSION.

As I have already told you, I was always good in mathematics and physics. My parents bought me a computer when I was in the 10th form. Since then I… Computer industry is developing so fast, that it comprises almost all spheres… Computer engineering is a general field. It deals with both electric and electronic industries.

What kind of work are you interested in?

a) well paid

b) interesting

c) in a large and famous company

d) quiet

e) in an industry which has a future

f) prestigious

g) not to sit the whole day in the office
h) to travel a lot

What position would you like to have?

a) to manage people — manager

b) to work for someone else — an employee

c) to be your own boss — self-employed, businessman

d) be responsible for everything — top manager, director

e) to work for the state — state employee

 

Exercise 3. Please discuss with your group advantages and disadvantages of your future profession Do you think that engineering profession is prestigious? Is it well-paid? How difficult is it to find a good work in this field?

 

Text B. ENGINEERING AS A PROFESSION.

 

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Despite its diversity, electrical engineering can be di­vided into four main branches: electric power and machinery, electronics, communications and…

Electronics

Electronic engineers design circuits to perform spe­cific tasks, such as amplifying electronic signals, add­ing binary numbers, and demodulating… Prior to the 1960s, circuits consisted of separate elec­tronic devices -…

Communications and Control

Engineers work on control systems ranging from the everyday, passenger-actuated, such as those that run a lift, to the exotic, such as systems for keeping spacecraft on course. Control systems are used extensively in air-craft and ships, in military fire-control systems, in power transmission and distribution, in automated manufac­turing, and in robotics.

Computers

One current trend in computer engineering is micro­miniaturization. Engineers try to place greater and greater numbers of circuit elements onto… Vocabulary: diverse - разнообразный

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

Exercise 2. Answer the questions to the text.

Exercise 3. Find English equivalents.

• обработка информации
• в беспрецедентных в истории масштабах
• продолжаться не уменьшаясь
• полезный для
• составленные из
• самая передовая технология
• трехмерные встроенные цепи
• системы, находящиеся в диапазоне от повседневных до экзотических
• широко используется
• быть тесно связанным

 

Text C. COMPUTER SCIENCE.

Computers are intended to improve the productivity of labour of scientists, designers, engineers, managers, and other specialists, because computers… Moreover, computers came in our life and to our houses and now we can solve… Computers can be divided into simple and complex devices. Simple computers such as calculators can perform addition,…

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text in a written form.

Exercise 2. Answer the questions to the text.

 

1. What do specialists in computer science deal with?

2. What are the computers used for?

3. What operations can simple devices perform?

4. What operations do complex computers perform?

5. What are CAD/CAM systems intended to do?

6. What high-level programming languages do you know?

 

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences.

  2. One of the aims of using computers is....  

Text C. HARNESSING THE SPEED OF LIGHT.

general-purpose computer that could use pulses of light rather than electrical signals to process data. During one of the scientist's lectures on… That was several years ago. Now the scientist demonstrated his experimental… that can design aircraft, processors that can convert spoken words into written text and vice versa. Such practical…

GRAMMAR.

Времена английского глагола Таблица временных форм глагола

 

 

Время	Простое Indefinite (Simple)	Длительное Continuous	Завершенное Perfect
Настоящее Present	I write Я пишу (вообще, обычно)	I am writing Я пишу (сейчас)	I have written Я (уже) написал
Прошедш. Past	I wrote Я (на) писал (вчера)	I was writing Я писал (в тот момент)	I had written Я написал (уже к тому моменту)
Будущее Future	I shall/will write Я напишу, буду писать (завтра)	I shall/will be writing Я буду писать (в тот момент)	I shall/will have written Я напишу (уже к тому моменту)

 

Группа временных форм Indefinite (Simple)

Формы глагола в Present Indefinite

Глаголы в формах Indefinite (Simple) описывают обычные, повторяющиеся действиякак факт— безотносительно к их длительности или к результату… I go to school every day. — Я хожу в школу каждый день. В этом высказывании… I went to school when I was a boy. — Я ходил в школу, когда был мальчиком.

Формы глагола в Past Indefinite

Отрицательная и вопросительная формы в Indefinite образуются при помощи вспомогательных гла­голов do, does, did с частицей not, краткая форма:…

Не is a student. — Is he a student?

We do not write much. — Do we write much?

You have a computer. — Have you a computer? — What do you have?

She does not live in Moscow. — Does she live in Moscow?

He didn't like the film. — Did he like the film? — What film he didn't like?

You speak English, don't you? Вы говорите по-английски, не так ли? Но: Let us speak English, shall we? Давайте го­ворить по-английски, хорошо? …  

To supply — supplied to apply — applied

если глагол оканчивается на -у с предшествующей гласной, то буква у не меняется и добавляется окончание - ed

To stay — stayed to play — played

б) если глагол оканчивается на согласную с предшествующим кратким гласным звуком, то согласная на конце удваивается:

To stop — stopped

После звуков [d] и [t] на конце слова окончание -ed (-d) произносится как [id] landed, started. Неправильные глаголы образуют вторую и третью формы различными способами, без…  

Формы глагола в Future Indefinite

Continuous Формы глагола в Present Continuous

Present Continuous употребляется для выраже­ния действия, длящегося в настоящий момент или период. Указание на время типа now (сейчас), at the… С глаголами, которые обозначают не действие, а состояние, Present Continuous… to feel (чувствовать)

Формы глагола в Past Continuous

Past Continuous обычно употребляется для вы­ражения конкретного действия, длившегося в точ­но указанный момент или период в прошлом.

Формы глагола в Future Continuous

Future Continuous употребляется для выражения действия, которое будет длиться в точно указанный момент или период в будущем.   Глаголы в формах Continuous описывают действие как процесс, как длительность — в определенный момент в прошлом,…

Группа временных форм Perfect

Present Perfect

Present Perfectобразуется при помощи вспомо­гательного глагола to have в настоящем времени (have, has)и третьей формы смыслового глагола. В вопросительном предложении вспомогательный гла­гол ставится перед подлежащим. В отрицательном предложении после вспомогательного глагола ста­вится отрицание not.

Формы глагола в Present Perfect

  Число Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма Ед. I (you) have asked. …  

Past Perfect

Формы глагола в Past Perfect

  Число Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма Ед.и мн. I (you, he,… Past Perfectупотребляется: А.Для выражениядействия, завершившегося до какого-либо момента или другого действия в про­шлом: Не had readthe book by…

Future Perfect

Формы глагола в Future Perfect

  Future Perfect употребляется для выражения дей­ствия, которое будет… Глаголы в формах Perfect выражают действие завершенное, приведшее к определенному резуль­тату (или к отсутствию…

CONTENTS.

1. UNIT 1. __________________________________ p. 2

 

2. UNIT 2. __________________________________ p. 8

 

3. UNIT 3. __________________________________ p. 16

 

 

ПЛЮХИНА ИРИНА ВИКТОРОВНА

заведующий кафедрой

УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

по дисциплине

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК

Очно-заочная форма обучения Множительная мастерская Технологического института (филиала)